Accreditation No.: 571/AU2/P2MI-LIPI/07/2014 Accreditation No.: 36b/E/KPT/2016
atom indonesia
Exist for publishing the results of research and development in nuclear science and technology EDITOR IN CHIEF
Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Evvy Kartini MANAGING EDITOR Drs. Budi Prasetyo, MT.
EDITORS
Prof. Dr. Zaki Su’ud Nuclear Physics and Reactor Safety, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia Prof. Dr. Terry Mart Theoretical Nuclear and Physics, University of Indonesia, Indonesia
Prof. Dr. Muhayatun Santoso Radiochemistry; Nuclear Analytical Techniques, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Indonesia Dr. Hendig Winarno Radiation; Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Indonesia
Dr. Hadi Suwarno Nuclear Materials, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Indonesia
Dr. Abu Khalid Rivai Materials; Corrosion and Nuclear Reactor Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Indonesia Edy Giri R. Putra, Ph.D. Neutron Scattering, Soft Condensed Matter, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Indonesia
Imam Kambali, M.Phil., Ph.D. Nuclear Physics, Atomic Physics, Accelerator and Cyclotron Applications, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Indonesia
Dr. Julwan Hendry Purba Nuclear Reactor Technology and Safety Assessment, Computational, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Indonesia
Dr. Darmawan Darwis Biomaterials, Radiation Processing of Polymers, Radiation Sterilization and Decontamination of Pharmaceuticals and Healthcare, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Indonesia
Dr. Mukh. Syaifudin Radiation Biology, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Indonesia
Prof. Dr. Malcolm F. Collins Neutron Scattering; Magnetism; Glasses, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
Dr. Shane J. Kennedy Neutron Scattering; Superconductor; Superionic Materials, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Australia
Prof. Dr. Philip K. Hopke Nuclear Analytical Methods (XRF, INAA); Environmental Analysis, Clarkson University, New York, USA
Prof. Dr. Takashi Sakuma Solid State Physics, Ibaraki University, Japan
Sugawara Takanori, Ph.D. Nuclear Reactor Physics, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
Prof. Dr. T. Kamiyama Neutron Instrumentation and Materials Energy, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Prof. Dr. Shahidan Radiman Nanomaterials and their applications, National University of Malaysia, Malaysia
Prof. Dr. Kell Mortensen Biophysics, Polymer Physics, Materials Sciences, Head of Nanobio Science / Biophysics at KU-LIFE, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Bowen Li, Ph.D. Physics and Astronomy, Engineering, Lanzhou University, China
Prof. Dr. Gerard O’Sullivan Quantum Mechanics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, Applied Optics, Lasers and Photonics, Low Temperature Physics: Superconductivity and Quantum Fluids, Base Einstein Condensation in Cold Gases, University College Dublin, Ireland
Ass. Prof. Chris Ling Solid-state Oxide Chemistry, Magnetism, Ionic Conductivity, Neutron Scattering, Phase Transitions, Modulated Structures, University of Sydney, Australia
Prof.Dr. Sun Ming Choi, Ph.D. Neutron and X-ray Scattering Studies of Molecular Self-Assemblies for Nanostructured Functional Materials, Development of Multi-Component Anisotropic Nanoparticle Super lattice and Their Applications, Structure and Dynamics of Biomembranes Interacting with Proteins, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea
Dr. Max Audeev Crystal and magnetic structural studies of inorganic materials with neutron and X-ray scattering and atomistic, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO), Australian
PEER REVIEWERS
Martalena, M.Sc. Ph.D Radio pharmacy, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Indonesia Dr. L.T. Handoko, M.Sc. Physics Theory, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Indonesia
Prof. Sunarno, Ph.D Nuclear Radiation; Nuclear Instrumentation, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia Dr. Ferhat Aziz Nuclear Engineering, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Indonesia
Prof. Yasushi Arano Environmental and Bioanalytical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan
Prof. Dr. Michio Yamawaki Nuclear Fuel and Material, Nuclear Fusion Technology, University of Tokyo, Japan Prof. Dr. Kenji Kikuchi Nuclear Materials, Ibaraki University, Japan
Prof. Dr. Fumio Yoshii Radiation Chemistry; Radiation Polymerization, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan Prof. Dr. Stefan Adams Materials Modelling, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Ass. Prof. Dr. Ho Jin Ryu Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea LANGUAGE EDITOR
Jos Budi Sulistyo, Ph.D ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS
Iis Sustini, Noer’Aida, R. Suhendani, Moh. Zen, Heru Susanto, Ajie Noorseto, Moh. Widya, Wenseslaus Roland, Anggiana Rohandi Yusuf
Publisher : Center for Informatics and Nuclear Strategic Zone Utilization Mailing Address : National Nuclear Energy Agency
Puspiptek Serpong, Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
Phone (+62 21) 7560575, 7562860 ext. 7205, 9017, Fax (021) 7560895 Web: http://aij.batan.go.id, E-mail : atomindonesia@batan.go.id Licences : SIT No. 078/Khs/Dit.PP/II. 1a & 75; 24.5.75
SIC No. B/289-PK/VI/75; 3.6.75
atom indonesia vol. 43 no. 1 April 2017
C o n t e n t s
Editorial . . . .. . i
Preparation and Characterization of Zirconia Nanomaterial as a Molybdenum-99 Adsorbent Marlina, E. Sarmini, Herlina, Sriyono, I. Saptiama, H. Setiawan
and Kadarisman . . . 1
Experimental Validation of Ex-Vessel Neutron Spectrum by Means of Dosimeter Materials Activation Method
S.A. Santa . . . 7
Radiolabeled Antibody Fragment for Preparation of (
177Lu-DOTA)
m-PAMAM G3.0-F(ab’)
2trastuzumab as a Radiopharmaceutical for Cancer Therapy
R.D. Haryuni, M. Ramli, Triningsih and Sutari . . . 19
Optimization of Electrodeposition Parameters to Increase
99mTc Radioactive Concentration
M.B. Febrian, Y. Setiadi and T.H.A. Wibawa . . . 27
Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Ruminal Degradation of Samurai 1 Sweet Sorghum Bagasse
T. Wahyono, N. Lelananingtyas and Sihono . . . 35
Behavior of
137Cs Activity in the Sayung Waters, Demak, Indonesia
Muslim, H. Suseno and M.J. Pratiwi . . . 41
Assessment of Ionizing Radiation Induced Dicentric Chromosome and Micronuclei in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes for Preliminary Reconstruction of Cytogenetic Biodosimetry
M. Syaifudin, Y. Lusiyanti, S. Purnami, Y.S Lee and C.M. Kang . . . 47
The Evaluation of the Effective Diameter (D
eff)Calculation and its Impact on the Size-Specific Dose Estimate (SSDE)
C. Anam, F. Haryanto, R. Widitar, I. Arif and G. Dougherty . . . 55 Acknowledgment . . . .. 61
Accreditation No.: 571/AU2/P2MI-LIPI/07/2014 Accreditation No.: 36b/E/KPT/2016
Accreditation No.: 571/AU2/P2MI-LIPI/07/2014 Accreditation No.: 36b/E/KPT/2016
ii
which emit alpha (α) particles, beta (β) particles, or auger electrons, and bind specifically to cancer expressed receptor. This paper reports the preparation of radiolabelled trastuzumab in form of (
177Lu-DOTA)
m-PAMAM G3-F(ab')
2-trastuzumab, which will be expected as a potential RIT agent for therapy of breast cancer overexpressed human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2).
“Optimization of Electrodeposition Parameters to Increase
99mTc Radioactive Concentration” was written by M.B. Febrian, Y. Setiadi, and T.H.A. Wibawa from Center for Applied Nuclear Science and Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency. The use of low activity concentration
99mTc would result in low-quality labeled compound for diagnostic purpose. The low activity concentration of labeled compound will alter biodistribution and lead to false imaging in diagnostic applications. Electrodeposition could be an alternative method for increasing the activity concentration of
99mTc solution. The influence of electrodeposition parameters such as type of electrolytes, concentration of electrolyte, and voltage and time of deposition were examined to find the optimum condition for electrodeposition.
T. Wahyono, N. Lelananingtyas, and Sihono from Center for Isotopes and Radiation Application, National Nuclear Energy Agency, showed their results on “Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Ruminal Degradation of Samurai 1 Sweet Sorghum Bagasse”. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of gamma irradiation on dry matter, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber degradability of Samurai 1 sweet sorghum bagasse, to facilitate its utilization in ruminant diets. Sorghum bagasse was obtained from Samurai 1 sorghum stem by-product after juice extraction. Gamma irradiation was carried out in a cobalt-60 irradiator in the Center for the Application of Isotopes and Radiation.
“Behavior of
137Cs Activity in the Sayung Waters, Demak, Indonesia” was jointly investigated by Muslim from Department of Oceanography, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia, and H. Suseno and M.J. Pratiwi from Marine Radioecology Group, Center for Radiation Safety Technology and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency. The behavior of anthropogenic radionuclide
137Cs in the water and sediment has been examined with regard to particle size, organic sediment, and other physical conditions in the Sayung estuarine waters of Demak. Previously, this estuary was used as shrimp culture brackish water ponds that were affected by serious erosion and intrusion. Furthermore, this regency rapidly industrialized over the last three decades.
An “Assessment of Ionizing Radiation Induced Dicentric Chromosome and Micronuclei in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes for Preliminary Reconstruction of Cytogenetic Biodosimetry”, is an interesting article written a collaborative work among by M. Syaifudin, Y. Lusiyanti, S. Purnami from Center for Radiation Safety Technology and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency, Y.S Lee from College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea, and C.M. Kang from Laboratory of Radiation Cytogenetics and Epidemiology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul, South Korea.
“The Evaluation of the Effective Diameter (D
eff) Calculation and its Impact on the Size-Specific Dose Estimate (SSDE)” is an interesting article resulting from a collaborative work between by C. Anam from Department of Physics, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia, F. Haryanto, R. Widita, and I. Arif from Department of Physics, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia, and G. Dougherty from Applied Physics and Medical Imaging, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, USA. Information on the effective diameter (D
eff) is essential for estimating the dose for patients undergoing CT examinations. The purpose of this study was to calculate the effective diameter using the maximum values of lateral (LAT) and anterior-posterior (AP) diameters (D
eff,m) and using LAT and AP diameters taken from the center of the image (D
eff,c), and compare both estimates to the effective diameter calculated directly from the cross-sectional area of the patient (D
eff,A).
Editor in Chief
Marlina et al. / Atom Indonesia Vol. 43 No. 1 (2017) 1 - 6
Preparation and Characterization of Zirconia Nanomaterial as a Molybdenum-99 Adsorbent
Marlina, E. Sarmini, Herlina, Sriyono, I. Saptiama, H. Setiawan and Kadarisman
Center for Radioisotope and Radiopharmaceutical Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency Puspiptek, Serpong, Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history:
Received 2 November 2015
Received in revised form 9 September 2016 Accepted 20 September 2016
Keywords: Nanozirconia Sol-gel method Adsorption capacity Molybdenum-99
The present study deals with the synthesis and characterization of ZrO2
nanomaterial which can be used as an adsorbent for Molybdenum-99 (99Mo).
The adsorbent can potentially be utilized as the material for 99Mo/99mTc generator column. Using the sol-gel method, monoclinic nanocrystalline zirconia was synthesized from zirconium oxychloride in isopropyl alcohol reacted with ammonium hydroxide solution in isopropyl alcohol resulting in a white gel. The gel was subsequently refluxed for 12 hours at ~95 °C and pH at ~4 and then dried at 100 °C. The drying gel was then calcined at 600 °C for two hours. Meanwhile the orthorhombic nanocrystalline zirconia was obtained by reacting zirconium oxychloride solution with 2.5 M ammonium hydroxide solution which resulted in a white gel. The gel was then refluxed for 24 hours at ~95 °C and pH at ~11 and then dried at 100 °C. The drying gel was then calcined at 600 °C for two hours. These materials were characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The Scherrer method is used for determination of crystallite size. The FT-IR spectra for both materials show absorption peak at 450-500 cm-1 which are attributed to Zr-O bond. The XRD pattern of monoclinic nanocrystalline form shows crystalline peaks at 2θ regions of 28.37 °, 31.65 °, 34 °, 36 ° and 50.3 ° with average crystallite size of 2.68 nm.
Meanwhile, the XRD pattern of orthorhombic nanocrystalline form shows crystalline peaks at 2θ regions of 30°, 35 °, 50 ° and 60 ° with average crystallite size of 0.98 nm. The TEM micrograph indicates that the zirconia nanomaterials prepared were quite uniform in size and shape.
© 2017 Atom Indonesia. All rights reserved
INTRODUCTION
The
99Mo/
99mTc generator is a radionuclide generator system that is highly needed to produce the Technetium-99 (
99mTc) radionuclide. This radionuclide is used for clinical applications, especially for diagnostic imaging in nuclear medicine. The
99mTc-radiopharmaceuticals are used for more than 80 % of diagnostic imaging procedures world-wide every year [1].
Corresponding author.
E-mail address: marlina@batan.go.id DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/aij.2017.587
The principle of a radionuclide generator is the decay-growth relationship between a long-lived parent radionuclide and a short-lived daughter radionuclide (as decay product), which can be readily separated by the column chromatography technique. The advantages of the radionuclide generator are that it is easy to carry, is cheap, produces daughter radionuclide in a high specific activity, and can be applied for diagnosis or therapy at locations/sites far from the isotope production facilities [2].
Figure 1 depicts radionuclide generator components. The chromatography column used in
99
Mo/
99mTc generator contains an adsorbent that can
Atom Indonesia Vol. 43 No. 1 (2017) 1 - 6
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