Beyond Fossil Fuels and Coal

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Restricted © Siemens Energy, 2024 Siemens Energy is a trademark licensed by Siemens AG.

25 March 2024

Milan Padhi

Pertamina Technology Day

Energy Transition / Hydrogen

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Restricted © Siemens Energy, 2024 4 restricted © Siemens Energy, 2024 4

Transition…

… shaping a new energy

system beyond fossil / coal

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Restricted © Siemens Energy, 2024 5

Direct use of power is growing in the 2 nd phase of the energy transition power-to-heat, heat pumps, battery powered

electric vehicles

1

Integrated energy system

Source:Achatech, Leopoldina, Akademieunion Increasing coupling of the energy sectors

Continuous technological development and increasing energy efficiency

Basic technologies

development of RE, first expansion

of RE development of efficiency technologies

Systemic integration

flexibilization, digitization, direct power usage, storage system evolution of a new energy market

Systemic combustibles/fuels high negative residual loads,

large scale electrolysis synthetic fuels for transport and industry

Final defossilization

Abolition of fossil energy sources, RE imports, conclusion of energy supply transformation

2

3

4

1990 2010 2030 2050

-25%

up to

-55%

up to

-85%

up to

-100%

Electricity to Fuel

Fuel to Electricity

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6 Restricted © Siemens Energy, 2024

Heat integration

Waste heat utilization Heat production

(Heat Pumps)

E n h a n c e d h e a t p r o d u c t i o n a n d

u t i l i z a t i o n

Electrification

Electrical heating

(Inductive & Turbo heating)

Electrification of drives E l e c t r i f i c a t i o n

a l o n g t h e i n d u s t r i a l v a l u e

c h a i n

Low carbon energy

Hybrid heat and power Combined heat &

power H i g h e f f i c i e n t

a n d r e l i a b l e p r o v i s i o n o f h e a t

a n d p o w e r

Power to X

S o l u t i o n s f o r t h e h y d r o g e n i n f r a s t r u c t u r e

Gas compression &

handling Hydrogen production

E-fuel production

Microgrid*

Modernization and upgrades

Energy Storage

(Redox flow / CAES / BESS)

Automation, control systems and digitalization including energy and asset management Services and O&M

Pathways for the Energy Transitions

Process Decarbonization

*Enablers of electrification

Fuels Cells

Carbon Capture

(DAC & Point Source)

U s i n g N e x t G e n s o l u t i o n s f o r

d e e p d e c a r b o n i z a t i o n

CO²Utilization

Key Enablers

D e v e l o p i n g H y b r i d s o l u t i o n s b u i l d i n g f l e x i b i l i t y, r e s i l i e n c e

& d i g i t a l i z a t i o n

Energy System Design (Scenario simulation for various

sectors - mining, refinery, chemicals, etc.)

Grid Stability Analysis

Clean Energy Certification

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“Sector Coupling”

Key lever for decarbonization of all end-user sectors

Shares in global CO

₂

emissions by sectors The role of hydrogen – a versatile molecule

Transport Buildings

Industry

Power

Leverage green electricity in other sectors

Share on CO₂emissions: 58%

Share of Renewables: 11%

Successful integration of renewables in Power

Share on CO₂emissions: 42%

Share of Renewables: 27%

Sector Coupling

42%

9%

23%

26%

Source:2022 data from IEA and own estimates

Siemens Energy is a trademark licensed by Siemens AG.

October 2023

(6)

SES S Solution Development: Power-to-X/ Hybrid categories

Decarbonization solutions for power generation

Energy conversion Category

Electrons

Molecules

Electrons

Energy systems with storage and re-electrification

#1c

Power-to-X

#2

#1a

Molecules Electrons Heat / Molecules

Decarbonization solutions for industrial processes

#1b

Hybrid categories

Power-to-X

Electrons

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#1a Decarbonization solutions for power generation Main offtake: electricity

Renewable power

Batteries

Grid connection Optional

Electrons

H₂-ready gas turbine

Optional

Natural gas

Electricity Hydrogen E-Liquids

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#1b Decarbonization solutions for industrial processes Main offtake: electricity, heat, molecules

Renewable power

Batteries

Grid connection Electrolysis

H₂compression

& auxiliaries Heat pump

Heat water

storage Heat

Molecules Electrons

Heat Optional

H₂-Storage

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#1c Energy systems with storage and re-electrification Main offtake: electricity

Renewable power

Batteries

H₂compression

& auxiliaries

Electrons Optional

H₂Re-Electrification via

H₂-ready

gas turbine or Fuel cell H₂-Storage

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#2 Power-to-X

Main offtake: hydrogen / methanol / ammonia / kerosene / SAF

Renewable power

Batteries

H₂compression

& auxiliaries

Synthesis

processes Molecules

Optional

Methanol Ammonia

SAF Kerosene CO₂-Capture

Molecules

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13 Restricted © Siemens Energy, 2024 Renewable power

Batteries

H₂compression

& auxiliaries

Synthesis

processes Molecules

H₂-Storage

Electricity Hydrogen E-Liquids Optional

Electrons H₂Re-Electrification

via H₂-ready

gas turbine or Fuel cell

Methanol Ammonia

SAF Kerosene CO₂-Capture

Energy Landscape

Hybrid and Power-to-X categories

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14 Restricted © Siemens Energy, 2024 Siemens Energy is a trademark licensed by Siemens AG.

Chemical Processes

Power-to-Fuel pathways

Renewables

(on-grid/off-grid)

Liquid fuel infrastructure Syngas generation

Electrolysis, Carbon capture and Air separation

Air traffic

Road transport Marine

or

or Electrolysis

Hydrogen storage

Carbon Capture

CO₂ Carbon

Source Air Separation Unit

N₂

Air

H₂ Wind Park

PV-Park

Chemical Processes

NH3

Synthesis

Product Refining

MeOH Synthesis

MtO Synthesis

OtJ Synthesis

Product Refining

MtG Synthesis

Gasoline

By-Product Refining

RWGS

Fischer- Tropsch

Product Refining SAF

SAF Ammonia

MeOH

MtO Methanol to Olefins

OtJ Olefins to Jet Fuel

MtG Methanol to Gasoline

RWGS Reverse Water-Gas Shift reaction SAF Sustainable Aviation Fuel

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Hydrogen properties

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Hydrogen Properties

Physical properties

a. Lightest element. Diatomic.

b. Gas at ambient temperature c. Boiling point → - 253

^o

C d. Melting point → - 259

^o

C

e. Odorless, colourless and tasteless f. Nontoxic, non-corrosive

g. Low density → 0.08375 kg/m

³

h. Expansion ratio of 848

i. High diffusivity

Chemical properties

a. Flammable 4%<x<75%, forms water,

exothermic. Flammable in presence of oxidizer and ignition.

b. Flame is pale blue and almost invisible in daylight

c. HHV 141.86 MJ/kg or 39.39 kWh/kg d. LHV 119.93 MJ/kg or 33.33 kWh/kg e. Wobbe index 40.9 MJ/Nm

³

f. Causes embrittlement in many materials

Named in 1783 by Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier

90 percent of all atoms and 75

percent of the mass

of the universe

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Hydrogen FunFacts

57 Important Facts About Hydrogen That You Should Know - The Fact File www.thefactfile.org/hydrogen-facts/

Hydrogen is transparent to visible and infrared light, and to ultraviolet light at certain wavelengths

Hydrogen is approximately 14 times lighter than air. It is the lightest chemical element. It is so light that Earth’s gravity

cannot hold it in the atmosphere and little “free” hydrogen atoms are found on Earth.

Hydrogen has the greatest heat conductivity of all elements.

Kinetic energy is distributed faster through it than any other gas.

The first hydrogen cooled generator was available in 1938.

Hydrogen’s principal industrial application is in the

manufacturing of ammonia for the fertilizer market, fossil fuel

processing in refineries, catalytic hydrogenation of unsaturated

animal and vegetable oils and fats are hydrogenated (to make

margarine and vegetable shortening) and as a primary rocket

fuel as the preferred propellant for space vehicles.

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Hydrogen Heat Content

Higher heating value in kWh/kg

39.39 33.33

Lower heating value in kWh/kg

1.1818 1 mmBTU H 2 =

7.44 Kg of H 2

1mmBTU = 293.071kWh

Higher heating value in kWh/kg comparison

39 Hydrogen 16 16 Methane 14 Propane 11.6 Diesel

Gas mixtures are volumetric (hydrogen mixtures with CH

₄

is calculated in % volume).

Not sufficiently confused?

(17)

There are different ways to produce hydrogen

Why is a colourless gas is given different colours?

Colours! Overview Production method

Grey/black Hydrogen: Produced from fossil hydrocarbons with CO

₂

emissions (traditional business)

Steam reforming or Gasification 98% of today’s production at 1.5 – 2.5 $/kg

Blue Hydrogen: Produced from fossil hydrocarbons with CCS

¹

Steam reforming or Gasification Low-carbon hydrogen. Can be a

transitional technology, as still cheaper than green hydrogen

Turquoise

²

Hydrogen: Produced from methane via pyrolysis with pure solid carbon remaining

Pyrolysis Technology not yet mature. Future

solutions for gas production companies

Red

³

Hydrogen: Produced from nuclear energy through electrolysis

Electrolysis Partly limited social acceptance. Potential

for existing NPPs, but too expensive in the long term for new builds

Green Hydrogen: Produced from renewable energy through electrolysis

Electrolysis Large RES requirement, higher price

(2 – 6 $/kg, but significant cost reduction potential), water source required

1CCS: Carbon Capture and Storage |2Sometimes also referred as “cyan” hydrogen |3Sometimes also referred as “purple”, “pink” | 4 From PV – “yellow” hydrogen

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Electrolysis

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- +

-

+ What is electrolysis?

• A DC electrical power source is connected to two electrodes which are placed in the water

• An electrolyte allows the charge exchange and is the namesake of the various

technologies

• Hydrogen will appear at the cathode, Oxygen at the anode

• The production rate is proportional to the total electrical charge

Current + 2H2OO2+ 2H2

Electrolysis of water is the separation of water into oxygen

and hydrogen gas with an electric current

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″Water will be the coal of the future. Energy of tomorrow will be water that was split by electricity″*

1888

A method of industrial synthesis of hydrogen and oxygen through electrolysis was developed by Dmitry Lachinov.

1800

William Nicholson and Anthony Carlisle discovered electrolysis, the separation of water into hydrogen and oxygen by direct current and established a new field in chemistry: The electrochemistry.

1http://www.linde-gas.at/internet.lg.lg.aut/de/images/1007_rechnen_sie_mit_wasserstoff_v110550_169419.pdf

* This was a statement by

Jules-Gabriel Verne, 1828 – 1905

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There are three considerable technologies of water electrolysis

Not possible, not available In development/limited

Existing/available

Alkaline Electrolysis PEM Electrolysis High temperature

+ - OH^-

KOH electrolyte Anode Cathode

Diaphragm

½ O2 H2

+ - H⁺ Water

Anode Cathode Gas tight membrane

½ O2 H2

+ -

Water steam Anode Cathode Solid oxides

½ O₂ H₂ O^2-

KOH³ KOH³ 60 – 90 ºC

Industrially mature

Polymer membrane Water

RT⁴– 80 ºC Industrially mature

Ceramic membrane Steam

700 – 900 ºC Lab/demo Electrolyte

Circulated medium Operational temperature¹ Technical maturity¹ Field experience¹ Cold start capability² Intermittent operation²

Scalability up to multi Giga Watt² Reverse (fuel cell) mode¹

Source: 1Fraunhofer |2IndWede |3KOH: Potassium hydroxide |4Room temperature

(22)

Microbial

electrolysis cell (MEC)

Anion Exchange membrane (AEM) Solid oxide (Ceramic

electrochemical) Proton Exchange

membrane (PEM) Alkaline (Microporous

Separator) Type / Technology

Phosphate species DVB polymer support

with KOH Metal oxide (Y2O3

stabilized ZrO2) PFSA membrane

Na or KOH (Usually Aqueous KOH) Electrolyte / Membrane

Water (Liquid) Water (Liquid)

Water (Steam) Water (Liquid)

Water (Liquid) Reactant

Stainless steel and Ni Nickel & Ni Alloys

Perovskite electrode Platinum /Pt -Pd /

Iridium oxide Ni & Ni-MO alloys /Ni

coated SS Electrode

10-20

>3 0 -20

20-40 Min Load (%)

1

<33 1

<70 1-30

Operating Pressure (bar)

4-30 50-60

800 -1000 60-200

50-80 Operating Temp (°C)

67-90

<74 80-90

70-80 68-77

System Efficiency (%)

NA

~30,000 20,000 – 90,000

50,000 – 90,000 60,000 – 100,000

Stack Life (hrs)

~98 99.99

~99.99 99.9 - 99.9999

99.5 - 99.9999 H2 Purity (%)

NA 57-69

45-55 50-80

50-70 Power Consumption

KWh/Kg of H2

TRL 5 TRL 5

TRL 5-7 TRL 8-9

TRL 9 TRL

Review of existing electrolyzer technologies

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Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis The efficient way for green hydrogen

How does PEM electrolysis work

• Electrodes are attached on both sides of the proton exchange membrane

• Proton exchange membrane is the electrolyte

• Proton exchange membrane acts as separator to prevent mixing of the gas products

Advantages of PEM electrolysis

• High power density

• Extended dynamic operation range and direct coupling to renewables (rapid response)

• High efficiency

• High gas purities

• Low maintenance needs

1973

J. H. Russell released his works to PEM electrolysis and the high potential.

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Operational performance

Clean by nature

Competitiveness

Focus on Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzer system technology

• Small footprint compared to alkaline systems

• Lower OPEX compared to alkaline systems due to maintenance free stack

• Competitive hydrogen price per kg at green electricity prices below 3 ct/kWh

• Fast start-up and shut-down

• Highest operational flexibility

• Cold start capability

• Highest hydrogen purity >99.9%

• No aggressive chemical electrolyte

• No contaminants – only water, hydrogen and oxygen in the system

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Silyzer 300

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Technology expertise in Electrolysis

Our electrolyzer portfolio scales up by factor 10 every 4 – 5 years

0.1 MW 1 MW 10 MW 100+ MW 1,000+ MW

2011 2015 2018 2023 Next step

Silyzer 100 Lab-scale demo

Silyzer 300 Co-Development with

partners in verticals Silyzer 300 plant

Silyzer 200

Restricted © Siemens Energy, 2024 28 Siemens Energy is a trademark licensed by Siemens AG.

April 2023

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333 kg/h Hydrogen production

>75.5%

Plant efficiency (HHV

¹

)

17.5 MW Power demand

<1 min, enabled for PFRS

²

Start-up time

10%/s in 0 – 100%

Dynamics in range

40% single stack Minimal load

15.0 x 7.5 x 3.7 m Dimension full stack array

35.5 x 15.5 x 9.0 m Dimension system plant

~95%

Plant availability

10 l/kg H

₂

Demin water consumption

99.9999%

Dry gas quality

³

Customized Delivery pressure

Silyzer 300 Fact Sheet

1Plant efficiency includes rectifier, transformer, transformer cooling and gas cooling 2Primary Frequency Response Service |3With DeOxo |4Operating Hours

April 2023

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Maintenance free stack 80,000 OH

¹

Easy exchange of stacks

No cleaning effort

Worldwide service coverage

Silyzer 300

Latest and most powerful product line in the double-digit megawatt class

High performance

High efficiency: System >76%

Modular: H

₂

production range 100 – 2,000 kg/h

Digitally enabled

Data Driven Operation and Service Secure Remote Support

MindSphere

High availability

Advanced design for low degradation Robust industrial design

Flexible operation

Fast start-up and shut-down High dynamics High Gas purity No hazardous chemicals Power factor compensation (optional) No permanent operating personnel required

Maintenance friendly

1Operating Hours

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Impression of our factory

(30)

Silyzer 300 production concept

Stack

Electrolyzer reference plant

• Pre-engineered basic design

• Integrated solution with strong partner approach

• Turn-key possible

Electrolysis System

• Minimize on-site installation

• Maximum of standardization by defined interfaces

• Build to print pre-engineered

Localized decentral packaging

Cost efficient central stack factory

• High level of Automatization

• Large quantities and strong supply chain management

• Strong partner relation of key components

• High quality by pre-assembling

• Transportable units

• Strong local content Group Array

System

Reference Plants

Scope Joint Venture

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Electrolyzer system – Standardized and pre-engineered plant will be adapted to the customers requirements

Nitrogen Air Power

O₂

Water H₂ Cooling water Communication

Electrolysis Plant Extended scope Electrolysis System

SILYZER 300 System Grid Connection/

Medium Voltage Switchgear 400/230V Low voltage Distri- bution Cabinet Overall Control System Spare Parts Onsite Package (Optional)

Building Infrastructure

O₂Exhaust Pipe/

Blow-Off Lance

Nitrogen Supply (Optional) Cooling System (Optional)

Control air supply

Water Refinement

Demineralization (Optional) Water Treatment

Gas pipeline Chemical proc.

Filling station

Transformer/

Rectifier

System Remote Control System Cabinet

Control & Safety

UPS 220V AC (Optional)

Including

• Heat exchangers

• Gas separators

• Internal piping

• Steel frames

PEM Stack Array

PEM Stack

Water

Refinement loop

Compressed Air (Optional)

Waste water Tap water Waste water DSL/Internet

XXXX XXXX

XXXX

XXXX XXXX

Further Compression H₂Exhaust

Pipe/Blow-Off Lance Gas buffer tank Compression DeOxo Dryer

Gas cooler H₂

XXXX

XXXX XXXX

Gas cooler O₂

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The modular Silyzer 300 concept lowers specific price while upscaling

Modular concept to cover wide production rate

Stack Stack array Customized solution Plant

Scale up to the necessary demand

Transformer Rectifier Control

system

+ -

Water

refinement LV supply

+ -

12 or 24 stacks

n+1

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50MW Optimized plant design for fast installation, low cost & maintenance friendliness

Plant layout 50 x 50 m

• Pre-fabricated and pre-tested stack groups for reduced onsite effort

• Compact footprint

• Standard industrial building

• No indoor crane necessary

• Separate rooms for power electronics

• Future upgrades compatible

50 m

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Optimized plant design for fast installation, low cost and maintenance friendliness

Plant layout with building (71m X 55m )

• Pre-fabricated and pre-tested stack groups for reduced onsite effort

• Compact footprint

• Standard industrial building

• No indoor crane necessary

• Separate rooms for power electronics

• Future upgrades compatible

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Ready to deliver large-scale electrolysis systems + capacity increase in Germany is locked and loaded

 Implementation of modern robots

 Fully automated production line

 Industry 4.0 Digitalization implemented

 Capacity growth plan locked-in and layouts finalized

 Additional 1 GW per year depending on demand

2021 Erlangen 2023 Berlin + Erlangen

2025

Berlin

1 GW 3 GW 1GW/

250 MW - 750 MW year

 Inhouse design allows for internal and external local packaging

 Packaging will be established depending

on the development of the markets

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Industrial scale production of Electrolyzer with up to 1GW in 2023 and 3GW in 2025

Mülheim

Erlangen Berlin

PEM multi-Gigafactory Product development

Electrolyzer Packaging

▪

Joint Venture Manufacturing in Berlin

▪

Industrial scaling up to 1GW in 2023 and 3GW in 2025 (1 GW expansion each 12 month)

▪

Highly automated PEM manufacturing according to latest production standards

▪

R&D for electrolysis technology

▪

Operations, engineering, sales and service

▪

Partially automated PEM production (ending 2023)

▪

Siemens Energy internal and external partners for final assembly to prepare for optionality acc. Market trends

▪

Packager will be established locally in main markets to facilitate local value add Array

Stacks

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Our in-house engineering facilitates optimized plant design, future upgrades and extensions

Next-level in-house engineering

Customer Benefits

• Accelerated project design and execution incl. time-efficient onsite installation

• Digital data exchange between customers and involved project stakeholders

• Cost-optimized customer solution

• Allowing future project upgrades, extensions and modifications

Silyzer 300 array system design with 24 stacks

• Future-proof system design & engineering

• Integrated digital engineering tools

• Pre-fabricated groups, optimized array system design and plant configurations based on modular building-blocks

• Pre-defined interfaces

• Digitally stored system configurations

• Supporting project from project start until end-of-life

Next-level in-house engineering

Pre-fabricated group of 4 stacks

for Silyzer 300 50 MW plant design based on Silyzer 300

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Digital value add through data collection and enhanced processing

Data collection of fleet & manufacturing

Improve

Plan & Predict Monitor

Optimize operations to optimize costs, cash flow and minimize degradation? How can the performance be improved?

When does the system need to be serviced? When does a stack need to be exchanged?

What is the current status of your plant? Enable predictive maintenance and plant optimization

Data collection &

processing

Data of

~300 000 OH* collected

Gigafactory Berlin

(stack manufacturing data) Project sites in operation

(selected number shown) Future project sites (exemplary)

*OH: operating hours

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We distinguish different efficiency levels depending on solution scope

1ISO conditions: 15 °C, 1013 mbar, 0 m, 60% rel. hum.

Transformer heat loss

Rectifier heat loss

Rectifier cooling system

Cooling pump system

Gas

cooler Others Com-

pression Control

cabinet

PEM Stack Array Auxiliaries

H

₂

atm

60°C

H

₂

atm

30°C

P

^ower

H

₂

10°C 35 bar

View for 17.5 MW 24 stacks:

Air cooled ISO conditions¹

>76.0%

>76.5%

PEM array heat loss

+ …

-

MV

LV

Silyzer System

>76.0% Plant without

compression

>75.5% Plant with compression

>72%

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Sustainable Energy Systems Unrestricted use © Siemens Energy, 2023

43 1Transformer, Rectifier, Cooling system

Ambient conditions influence performance guarantees and plant design/cost

Auxil iary Pow er Con sumption (kW )

40

15

10 30

100

25

20 35

0 20 60 80 120 140 160

Ambient Temperature (°C)

Cooling

Technology Fin-Fan Cooler dry Fin-Fan Cooler wet Chiller

Approximate power consumption of auxiliaries

¹

for 17.5 MW, if air cooled

Δ 120 kW ≙ 1% pt plant efficiency loss

Higher ambient temperatures cause

efficiency losses when the plant is air cooled

April 2023

(42)

Infinitely variable plant operation

• Power controlled operation based on real power price with 15 min time frames (see example on right side)

• Dynamics: Maximal ramp rate in array 10% per second

power change possible

• Always fast ramp-up

Future-proof flexible hydrogen production –

Silyzer 300 plant supports renewable sources and offers grid services

Real plant data from an exemplary electrolyzer

Operating Set point

Target power selection

Power consump- tion electrolyzer

(43)

Silyzer 300 electrolyzer: Fast ramp-up time and renewables- proof flexibility

1Power in Stand-by

Rectifier load H₂Delivery to Terminal Point H₂Ventilation

Time (s) 100 %

<0,2%¹

0s 10s 40 s

…

X X+20 s X+30 s

20 %

Rectifier start-up

Power

Stand-by Stand-by

Grid service Hydrogen production

H

₂

System pressurized

Rectifier ramp-down

Norm al start

Start 0 – 100% H

₂

Dynamics

^{≥ 10 %/s}

< 1 min, enabled for grid service Low standby consumption – no warm-up Future proof flexible hydrogen production

Startup behaviour of plant w/o gas management

Ready to initialize

Nitrogen consumption

No continuous consumption Only for maintenance

(44)

Product offering Applications Power demand

Customer Project

Country Year

Container solution 100 kW/200 kW

(peak) Paul Scherrer Institut

Energy System Integration Platform Switzerland

2015

Container solution 300 kW

Air Liquide, Duisburg Argon purification/

Use of H

₂

for HRS Germany

2015

Container solution 300 kW

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

Energy Lab 2.0 Germany

2016

We have started our Silyzer portfolio with our lab-scale pilot product Silyzer 100 in all applications

(45)

Our references for industry, mobility and energy applications

Customer Project

Country Year

Pilot Silyzer 200 3.80 MW/6 MW (peak)

Municipality of Mainz Energiepark Mainz

Germany 2015

Silyzer 200 1.25 MW

Municipality of Haßfurt Greenpeace Energy Wind Gas Haßfurt

Germany 2016

Silyzer 200 5 MW

H&R Ölwerke Schindler GmbH H&R

Germany 2017

Pilot Silyzer 300 Voestalpine, Verbund, 6 MW

Austrian Power Grid (APG) H2Future

¹

Austria 2019

Silyzer 200 2.5 MW

Food and Beverage Company Food and Beverage

Sweden 2019

Silyzer 200 1.25 MW

Australian Gas Infrastructure Group (AGIG)

Hydrogen Park SA (HyP SA)

Australia 2020

Silyzer 200 2.50 MW

Limeco Power-to-Gas

(Methane) Switzerland

2020

Silyzer 200 1.25 MW

Renewable Investor Power-to-Liquid

Germany 2020

Silyzer 200 2.5 MW

Salzgitter AG SALCOS

Germany 2020

1This project has received funding from the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen 2 Joint Undertaking under grant agreement No 735503.

This Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovative programme and Hydrogen Europe and NERGHY

(46)

Our references for industry, mobility and energy applications

Customer Project

Country Year

Silyzer 200 1.25 MW

State Power Investment Corporation China (SPIC) Power-to-Hydrogen

China 2021

Silyzer 200 1.25 MW

Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA)

DEWA Expo 2020 UAE

2021

Silyzer 200 1.25 MW

Solarbelt FairFuel gGmbH Werlte

Germany 2021

Silyzer 200 1.25 MW

Highly Innovative Fuels (HIF) Haru Oni

Chile 2022

Silyzer 300 8.5 MW

Siemens AG,

SWW Wunsiedel GmbH Wunsiedel

Germany 2022

Silyzer 300 up to 20 MW

Air Liquide Oberhausen

Germany 2022

Silyzer 300 50 MW

European Energy Kassø

Denmark 2023

Silyzer 300 70 MW

Ørsted FlagshipONE

Sweden 2023

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Projects completed or in implementation based on Silyzer 300 Scale-up is already happening

8.5 MW up to 20 MW 50 MW

Wunsiedel

 Green hydrogen for industry, grid services and mobility

 Our partners:

Siemens AG, WUNH2, SWW Wunsiedel GmbH

Oberhausen

 Green hydrogen for Air Liquide pipeline infrastructure

 Our partner:

Air Liquide

e-Methanol Kassø

 Green hydrogen for CO₂-neutral

shipping at large- scale

 Our partner:

European Energy

NormandHy

 Renewable electricity

 Engineering and Long Lead Started

 Our Partner:

Air Liquide

200 MW

H2Future Linz

 Green hydrogen for the steel making process

 Our partners:

VERBUND, voestalpine,

Austrian Power Grid (APG),TNO, K1-MET

6 MW 50 MW

Hy4Chem-El Ludwigshafen

 Hydrogen as raw material for chemical plant

 Our partner:

BASF

FlagshipONE

 Green hydrogen for CO2-neutral shipping at large- scale

 Our partner:

Ørsted

70 MW

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Air Liquide Normand’Hy

Industrial-scale hydrogen

electrolyzer plant to decarbonize industry and mobility

200 MW

Power demand based on Silyzer 300

4 tons

of green hydrogen per hour

250 000 tons

of carbon dioxide emissions will be avoided

Copyright ATAUB Architectes

(49)

FlagshipONE

Largest commercial product plant for CO 2 neutral e-Methanol for marine use

Project Use cases

• Customer: FlagshipONE

• Investor: Ørsted

• Country: Sweden

• Installation: expected 2025

• Product: Silyzer 300

Challenge

• Europe’s largest commercial e-Methanol product facility

• Blueprint: Liquid Wind plans 10 facilities by 2030

• FlagshipTWO electrolyzers capacity of 140 MW planned

Solutions

• 4x PEM Silyzer 300

• Plant wide electrification and automation system, digitalization solutions (digital twins), power distribution and compressor systems

• E-Methanol from hydrogen and biogenic carbon dioxide

Hydrogen for e-Methanol

Decarbonize the world’s shipping industry

70 MW

power demand based on Silyzer 300

50.000 tones

of e-Methanol per year from 2025

10 more plants

by 2030

(50)

FlagshipONE

Largest Power-to-X plant for e-Methanol for shipping with our partner Ørsted

70 MW

power demand based on Silyzer 300

50.000 tons

of e-Methanol per year from 2025

Blueprint: 10 more

plants by 2030

(51)

BASF Hy4Chem-El

Industrial-scale electrolyzer to supply hydrogen as raw material to chemical plant

54 MW

Power demand based on Silyzer 300 Capacity to produce

8,000 tons

of green hydrogen per year from 2025

up to 72 000 tons

of carbon dioxide emissions will be avoided

per year at BASF site Ludwigshafen

(52)

KASSØ POWER-TO-X

First large-scale e-Methanol project in Europe

Project Use cases

• Partner: Solar Park Kassø ApS (100%

owned by European Energy)

• Country: Denmark

• Site: Kassø Solar Park

• Installation: expected 2023

• Commercial

operation: expected 2023

• Product: Silyzer 300

Challenge

• Fast track project (bid and execution)

• First 3 Array plant

• First large-scale e-Methanol plant build by customer

Solutions

• 3 full Arrays Silyzer 300

• Transformers, rectifiers, Arrays and demin water plant. T3000 automation for Silyzers

• Supervision for installation, commissioning by SE Denmark

• Powered by largest solar park in Scandinavia Hydrogen for e-Methanol (MAERSK)

Hydrogen for fuel blending (Circle K)

50 MW

power demand based on Silyzer 300

1000 kg

(53)

KASSØ POWER-TO-X

First large-scale e-Methanol project in Europe with our partner European Energy

50 MW

power demand based on Silyzer 300

1000 kg

of green hydrogen per hour Powered by

Solar Park KASSØ

(54)

TRAILBLAZER PROJECT OBERHAUSEN

Renewable hydrogen for Air Liquide pipeline infrastructure

2,680 kg

of green oxygen per hour

335 kg

Project

Partners: Air Liquide

Country: Germany

Installation: 2023 Commissioning: 2023 Product: Silyzer 300

Use cases

Potential

• Connect hydrogen production to both existing hydrogen and oxygen pipelines

• First step: up to 20 MW capacity

• Potential to expand to 30 MW total planned capacity

Solutions

• Operation of a full 24-stack array Silyzer 300

• Electrolyzer will be integrated into existing local hydrogen and oxygen pipeline infrastructure of Air Liquide

• First electrolyzer to be built in the framework of the partnership between Air Liquide and Siemens Energy

• One of the largest renewable hydrogen and oxygen production plants of Germany

Hydrogen for the Industry

Hydrogen for mobility

Funded by the German Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Energy

up to 20 MW

based on Silyzer 300

¹

1 plant incl. additional auxiliaries such as compression for hydrogen and oxygen

(55)

Trailblazer Project, Oberhausen

Green Hydrogen for Air Liquide Pipeline Intrastructure

Up to 20 MW

based on Silyzer 300

335 kg

2,680 kg

of green oxygen per hour

(56)

750,000 liters

of e-methanol per year from 2023 (130,000 liters of e-gasoline)

>55 m liters

e-fuel per year planned from 2025

Project Use cases

Challenge

• Huge wind energy potential in Magallanes

• Existing industry and port infrastructure Perfect conditions to export green energy from Chile to the world

Solutions

• Production of e-gasoline and e-methanol at one of the best spots worldwide for wind energy

• Co-developer Siemens Energy realizing the system integration from wind energy to e-fuel production

• International Partners like Porsche and AME

>550 m liters

e-fuel per year planned from 2027

E-Fuel for Porsche cars

Potential for adding Kerosene or Diesel production in future phases Methanol for ship motors

HARU ONI PILOT PROJECT

First integrated plant for climate-neutral e-fuel production from wind and water

Customer: HIF (Highly Innovative Fuels) Off-taker: Porsche AG

Country: Chile, Patagonia Installation: 2022

Product: Power-to-methanol solution based on SE Electrolyzer

(57)

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July 2022

60 Oct 2022

(59)

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Preconditions for ramping up green hydrogen production

• Massive ramp-up of renewable energy generation with competitive price level

• Facilitation by local government e.g. for permitting

• Cost decrease for key equipment

• Long term offtake agreements

Potential of PEM electrolysis

• Electrolysis can react flexibly to changes in power supply or H

₂

demand

• Small footprint facilitates brown field integration

• Utilization of high purity Oxygen

How to get from grey to green:

preconditions and potential of electrolysis

(61)

Wrap Up

References / Use cases and applications

4

Overview of PEM Auxiliaries and operational aspects

3

A deeper dive into PEM (Silyzer 300)

2

Electrolysis & its types

1

We went through a broad overview of below topics

(62)

BREAK

(63)

Case review &

Future collaboration

(64)

Heat integration

Waste heat utilization Heat production

(Heat Pumps)

E n h a n c e d h e a t p r o d u c t i o n a n d

u t i l i z a t i o n

Electrification

Electrical heating

(Inductive & Turbo heating)

Electrification of drives E l e c t r i f i c a t i o n

a l o n g t h e i n d u s t r i a l v a l u e

c h a i n

Low carbon energy

Hybrid heat and power Combined heat &

power H i g h e f f i c i e n t

a n d r e l i a b l e p r o v i s i o n o f h e a t

a n d p o w e r

Power to X

S o l u t i o n s f o r t h e h y d r o g e n i n f r a s t r u c t u r e

Gas compression &

handling Hydrogen production

E-fuel production

Microgrid*

Modernization and upgrades

Energy Storage

(Redox flow / CAES / BESS)

Automation, control systems and digitalization including energy and asset management Services and O&M

Pathways for the Energy Transitions

Process Decarbonization

*Enablers of electrification

Fuels Cells

Carbon Capture

(DAC & Point Source)

U s i n g N e x t G e n s o l u t i o n s f o r

d e e p d e c a r b o n i z a t i o n

CO²Utilization

Key Enablers

D e v e l o p i n g H y b r i d s o l u t i o n s b u i l d i n g f l e x i b i l i t y, r e s i l i e n c e

& d i g i t a l i z a t i o n

Energy System Design (Scenario simulation for various

sectors - mining, refinery, chemicals, etc.)

Grid Stability Analysis

Clean Energy Certification

(65)

The energy trilemma – the good, the bad and the ugly?

Energy Transition Energy Trilemma

Energy Transition is the change of fuel source, from fossil-based fuels to

renewable sources to ensure sustainability.

Sustainable

Renewable sources involves

intermittency. Hence reliability and security is important. Use of storage devices is important.

Security Affordable

PV solar electricity is lowest among all types. But storage increases the cost of energy. Achieving affordable energy is a necessity.

Sustainability* –

“meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”.

* As defined by UN Brundtland Commission 1987

(66)

Power: Transition towards renewable energy

Hydrogen as storage, BESS planned for grid stabilization, Grid transformation

Renewable

electricity generation

Grid

Integration

Conversion / Storage

PEM electrolysis

H2

Generation Grid

stabilization

Solar Wind

Intermittent Renewables

Continuous Renewables

Re-Conversion/

Electricity Generation

Grid Storage

Consumer

Natural Gas

Industry

Commercial Residential

Product

(With reduced carbon intensity)

(67)

Green hydrogen cost – Driven by 3 main criteria

Capex, Electricity price & Operating hours

Source: International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)’s GREEN HYDROGEN – A GUIDE TO POLICY MAKING (2020).

Electricity required to produce 1 kg of hydrogen η=70%

_HHV

eff is 56.27kWh.

@50 USD/MWh, cost of electricity is

= $2.8/kg in H

₂

LCOH Current cost of green H

₂

produced from PV Solar electricity is

= ~$6.6/kg ($49.1/mmbtu)

$3.8

$2.8

Operating hours Operating hours

Capex Electricity price

(68)

Case study – Scenario 1

Cilacap

• Solar – 400MWp

Assumptions:

• Solar power profiles are taken from open source (renewable Ninja).

• LCOE considered for Solar – 50.9 USD/MWh

• Electrolysis technology EPC cost is used for all scenarios @ USD 1100 / kW

• WACC is assumed to be 8% for all scenarios.

• Standard inflation of 2%.

• Calculations are based on 30-year plant life.

• 3% Capex for O&M cost assumed

• 6 Electrolyzer sizes evaluated.

 50MW…100MW …150MW …

200MW… 250MW… 300MW

(69)

(70)

Case study – Scenario 2

Cilacap

• Geothermal – 50MW

Assumptions:

• LCOE considered for Solar – 50.9 USD/MWh

• LCOE considered for Geothermal – 70 USD/MWh

• Standard inflation of 2%.

• 6 Electrolyzer sizes evaluated.

 50MW…100MW …150MW …

200MW… 250MW… 300MW

(71)

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(73)

Case study – Scenario 3

Cilacap

• Geothermal – 100MW

Assumptions:

• LCOE considered for Solar – 50.9 USD/MWh

• LCOE considered for Geothermal – 70 USD/MWh

• Standard inflation of 2%.

• 6 Electrolyzer sizes evaluated.

 50MW…100MW …150MW …

200MW… 250MW… 300MW

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Pertamina’s Sustainability Initiatives

Source: Pertamina%20Performance%20FY%202023.pdf

(77)

Projects

Source: Public Media

(78)

Energy System Design

(79)

Energy System Design (ESD)

Energy system

Combination of energy conversion technologies, energy storages, loads, grids and industrial processes.

Design

Technology selection and sizing, including operation

Objective

Achieve minimum total expenditures, CO₂

emissions, or primary energy consumption.

Optimization

Solving a mathematical optimization problem

Constraints

Limits on the energy system such as time of use tariffs, CO₂ emissions, CAPEX, OPEX, land space, interconnect limits, tax incentives etc…

ESD optimizes the design of an energy system

with respect to a certain objective under given

constraints.

• Can you help me size the

technologies for my hybrid plant / microgrid?

• What is my optimum path to decarbonization? (Utilities, industrial sector, cities, states)

• If I were to build a green hydrogen production system at a particular location, how would it optimally dispatch? What would be the levelized cost?

• What is the optimum asset configuration for my power plant/PtX/… project? What synergies can be used?

• What is the impact of regulations and subsidy schemes?

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Design Challenge – Multi-Modal Energy Systems

Renewable Generation

Electrical Storage

Green H₂ derivatives

Electrolysis | H₂ Generation

Future energy supply Electricity, Steam, Heat, H₂

Existing Power Plant

H₂ for transport H₂ export H₂ storage

Thermal Storage

Grid Import/Export

Steam Generation Transmission

Limitations Efficiency Operational Expenditures Capital Expenditures

Availability

Decarbonization targets

Capacities

Alternatives

Natural gas Steam Electricity

Water Hydrogen

H

₂

Cooling

Liquid fuels CO2 CO2-Emissions

(81)

Energy System Design facilitates the techno-economic optimization of energy systems

PE: Primary energy

Energy System Design Technology related input data

•Performance models and parameters

• Component cost models

Selection

[…]

examples

… (economic) dispatch of technologies sizing, and

example Size

[…]

• Optimization objective

• Climate/weather data

• Commodity prices

• Load profiles

Site specific input data

• Technology pre-selection

• Renewable

generation profiles

€/$ CO

₂

PE

Results

• Technology selection

• Optimal capacities

• Optimal operation schedule

• Economical and ecological data Perfect starting

point as real data potentially available

(82)

Exemplary applications of Energy System Design

[1] Siemens Energy AG, Haru Oni Site, Haru Oni hydrogen plant | 2022 | Siemens Energy Global (siemens-energy.com), last visited 23.02.2023 [2] Siemens Energy AG, Island grids:Omnivise Hybrid Control Innovations| 2021 | Siemens Energy Global (siemens-energy.com), last visited 23.02.2023

[3] Siemens Energy AG, Dec