It rarely runs along the entire posterior edge of the tooth or reaches the confluence with the rostrum. The biology of the sevengill shark, Notorynchus cepedianus (Peron, 1807), in the temperate coastal waters of southern Africa.
Species diversity of Rhizophora in Tambelan Islands, Natuna Sea, Indonesia
The aim of this study is to determine the diversity of Rhizophora species in the Tambelan Islands, Natuna Sea, Indonesia. SETYAWAN & ULUMUDDIN–Rhizophora of Tambelan Islands, Natuna Sea 177 and Nicobar States (Ellison et al. 2012), so that.
Impact of forest disturbance on the structure and composition of vegetation in tropical rainforest of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
This research focused on the structure and composition of four types of land use with different intensity of use in Lore Lindu National Park. Tree diversity was studied in four (4) different land use types with four replications as follows: (i) Land use type A:. ii) Land use type B: lightly disturbed rainforest. Natural forest with cane extraction, palm and cane removed. iii) Land use type C moderately disturbed rainforest.
Tree species in land use type A are mainly dominated by Palaquium quercifolium (Sapotaceae) and followed by Castanopsis acuminatissima and Lithocarpus celebicus (both Fagaceae), Ficus trachypison, Chionanthus laxiflorus (Oleaceae) and Dysoxylum densiflorum, (Meliaceaeaea), Horsfieldia costulata (Myristicaceae), Meliosma sumatrana (Sabiaceae) and Dysoxylum alliaceum (Meliaceae). Palaquium quercifolium is one of the tree species that is widely distributed on land use types A, B and C, as several. In the land use type B (slightly disturbed forest), the other crown species such as Neonuclea intercontinentalis, Artocarpus elasticus, Elmerrillia ovalis and Magnolia champaca are registered.
Profile diagram of land use type B (represented by columns 5A to 5E of plot B1 on Bulu kuk). In contrast to land use type A, we did not find any emergent/upper canopy species in the three cacao plantations. This result showed that there were many large tree species in land use type A than other land use types.
Plants and animals diversity in Buqaty Mountain Area (BMA) in Hamadan Province, Iran
The said research can provide a means to identify the endangered species and critically endangered species and also determine the effective causes of the protection and survival of the said species and can contribute to the improvement of the overall study area for programming and management. This research was conducted in the Buqaty Mountain Area (BMA) from 2010 to 2011 to identify various plant and animal species through documentaries, extensive field visits and also direct field observations during the years of research. This means that data from the closest meteorology stations to the BMA, including Khomigan and Nojeh meteorology stations, were used.
Digital maps and a Geographic Information System (GIS) were used for the general identification of the area and on this basis the topological status of the area was mapped. With direct reference to the different regions of the studied area, plant samples were collected from different slope positions and packaged and transported to a field laboratory unit. The collected species were then compared with the available scientific literature and each species was identified individually.
Animal species in the area were identified through direct observation, using the views of indigenous people as well as experts from the Environmental Protection Department of Kabodarahang (Mansoori 2001). Considering that the said area is not under the administration of Ministry of Environment (DoE), Iran, natives and tourists have appeared in this area to a large extent. This resulted in incorrect counting of animal species by team members in the identification process and is one of the major limitations of this research.
Zarivar Wetland
During this period, the geographic location of the BMA was identified using a map, Global Positioning System (GPS) and in some cases geodetic surveying or by car. The analyzes are based on 21 years of available meteorological records of Khomigan and Nojeh stations. Plant samples were collected in full form including stem, root, leaves and fruits as well as seed parts of plants.
The main methods for identifying different plant species in this area including flower color, leaf size, flowering time, more or less spiny species, presence or absence of fuzz on leaves or stems, and upright or branching roots ( Mozaffarian 2006).
Buqaty Mountain Area (BMA)
This area has an area of about 12,000 hectares and is one of the most valuable pastures of Iran with diverse plant cover. The overall elevation of the area decreases towards the south and then leads to the Kabodarahang plain (Figure 1). Some of these plants have pharmaceutical properties, some are used as fodder crops and many of these species have an important role in water conservation, preventing flood runoff and also preventing soil erosion on slopes.
The plant species of BMA, which is one of the most original and diverse areas of Iran in terms of plant coverage. Many species of Lamiaceae family plants have medicinal properties and are widely used in traditional medicine and the said species plants grow at different altitudes of the said area. Diversity of animal species in the area In terms of the ecological characteristics of the area and also in terms of pasture management that is relatively often applied, BMA has a great talent for the growth and multiplication of various animal species, including mammals and numerous birds.
The animal species diversity in the studied area such as birds and mammals are presented in Tables 2 and 3. Exclusion of mountain areas for livestock is one of the best management methods for range and watershed management used for range rehabilitation and improvement. The results of the study can be compared with two other studies that have attempted to estimate plant diversity in Lashgardar and Khan_Gormaz protected areas in Hamadan province.
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Population dynamics of dominant demersal fishes caught in Tambelan Islands waters, Riau Archipelago Province
The model used was based on a model curve analysis approach to measure curve length with a linear model. Then the value of Nt is determined from the movement of the F (fishing) curve to solve the equation. An indicator of recruitment is usually the size of the population that has begun to be caught with the fishing gear used.
The results of the analysis of recruitment approaches used the Gausian distribution model as follows. But the second month percentages were not as high as in April, as shown in Figure 1. This pattern was similar to the type of fish Pentapodus setosus where the percentage of the highest recruited in June reached 16%.
A decrease in the abundance of larger fish (Serra and Canales 2007) and thus a decrease in relative biomass reflected in CPUE. The results of estimating the estimated catch rate of the population and the catch rate of each dominant fish size are presented in Figure 2 and Table 4. Bycatch of fish larger than the actual size of the fishing waters showed that the standing stock is decreasing.
The population of Jernang rattan (Daemonorops draco) in Jebak Village, Batanghari District, Jambi Province, Indonesia
Population of Jernang cane creeper (Daemonorops draco) in Jebak Village, Batanghari District, Jambi Province, Indonesia. The objective of this study was to estimate the population of jernang cane creeper (Daemonorops draco Willd.) in Jebak village. The results of our study showed that the population of jernang cane creeper in the forest area of Anak Dalam tribe in Jebak village has declined.
The complete data of the number of individuals of jernang rattan is given in Table 3. In plot 43, a clump of female jernang rattan was found (10 individuals of seedlings, 4 individuals of semi-adults and 7 individuals of mature rattan). In plot 47, a clump of female jernang rattan was found (5 individuals from seedlings, and 4 individuals from mature rattan).
In total, 2 clumps of male jernangrotan (8 individuals), 6 clumps of female jernangrotan (74 individuals) (Figure 4) and 7 clumps of jernangrotan died. Table 4 shows that jernang rattan had the smallest number of individuals. Encroachment of forests results in the death of jernang rattan because there is no supporting tree.
Review
Sugarcane production: Impact of climate change and its mitigation
Climatic factors necessary for good plant growth are the subject of active research. Temperature: Temperature is as important as rainfall as it is closely related to plant growth and productivity. In general, two different sets of climatic parameters are required in the life cycle of a plant.
Since soil is basically a weathered product: therefore the host rock plays an important role in the composition of the soil. Addition of FYM, potassium and phosphate fertilizers, nutrient in the soil of the furrow can be done according to the requirement. The root borer (Emmalocera depressella) disconnects the root's conductive tissue from the soil, causing the plant to die.
It is one of the major diseases of the Indian subcontinent as well as other parts of the world. Both physical and chemical properties of the soil have an impact on plant growth. In the initial phase, both soil preparation and planting material must be thoroughly planned as the further growth of the crop depends entirely on it.
Authors Index
Subject Index
List of Peer Reviewers
ALIEF ATHTHORICK, DEDE SETIADI, YOHANES PURWANTO, EDI GUHARDJA
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