Building Aviation Connectivity in Indonesia

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Research and Development Activities in Aerospace Design, Air Transport Engineering

and Operations

Aircraft Design, Operations and Maintenance Research Division Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung Email: [email protected] [email protected]

Hisar M. Pasaribu

“…to better serve you design a solution for your operation and maintenance”

Presented at APEN Asia Africa Aerial and Optical Silk Road Conference Aula Barat ITB, 12 November 2015

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Presentation Outline

A Brief Introduction to Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Institute Teknologi Bandung

Building Aviation Connectivity in Indonesia AE Research and Development Activities

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KK DOPPT, FTMD-ITB ...to better serve you design a solution for your operation and maintenance Hisar M. Pasaribu[email protected] 3

DEPT. OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS, INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG

A Brief Introduction to

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Faculties and Schools

Faculty of Art and Design

Faculty of

Civil and Environmental Engineering

Faculty of Math and Natural Sciences

School of

Architecture, Planning And policy Development

School of Pharmacy Faculty of Mechanical

and Aerospace Engineering

Faculty of Industrial Technology Faculty of

Mining and Petroleum Engineering

School of

Electrical Engineering and Informatics

School of Business and

Management Faculty of

Earth Sciences and Technology

School of Life Sciences and Technology

Institut Teknologi Bandung

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KK DOPPT, FTMD-ITB ...to better serve you design a solution for your operation and maintenance Hisar M. Pasaribu[email protected]

Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

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Number of Faculty

Total 84

Professors 12

Assoc. Professors 18

Assist. Professors 54

Research Divisions

Mechanical Design 12

Energy Conversion 21

Mechanical Manufacturing Engineering 9

Material Science and Engineering 13

Flight Physics 12

Light-weight Structures and Materials 9 Aircraft Design, Operations and Maintenance 8

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Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics

 Degree Programs

 Bachelor in Engineering

 Master in Engineering

 Doctoral Degree

 Non Degree Programs

 Credit Earning Activity (Polman, LAPAN)

 Training in Airport System (BPSDM)

 Research Collaborations

 Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT)

 National Aeronautics and Space Institute (LAPAN)

 Research and Development Institute, Ministry of Defense

 Research and Development Institute, Ministry of Transportation

 PT. Regio Aviasi Industri (RAI)

Established in 1962

2 Main Streams in Study Programs:

 Aeronautical Product Design

 Aviation Engineering (Operations and Maintenance)

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BUILDING AVIATION CONNECTIVITY IN INDONESIA

Some Notes on

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Building Aviation Connectivity in Indonesia

Locally Integrated, Globally Connected

Airports

Service Improvement through the Use of Technology and Qualified Human Resources

Supporting Infrastructure Capacity

Enhancement (Airline, Airport and

Airspace) Reliable and Safe Air

Transport Operators

Air Transport Networks

Connectivity relates to the ease with which people or goods can be moved between desired origins and destinations

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AIR TRANSPORT ENGINEERING AND OPERATIONS

Research Activities in

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Service Improvement

through the Use of Technology

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Design, Build and Installation of a Radar Data Processing and Display System (RDPS) at Medan Polonia Airport

Medan ACC (Area Control Center) Air Traffic Situation Display

Customer: PT. (Persero) Angkasa Pura II

 RDPS is a computer-based tool for assisting air traffic controllers to monitor, control and guide air traffic in an airspace sector.

 It tracks, processes, and displays traffic situation in a window-based control station.

 It helps to provide safe traffic separation, thereby improving traffic flow and increasing airspace

capacity.

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Design, Build and Installation of a Radar Data Processing and Display System (RDPS) at Medan Polonia Airport

The Radar Data Processing and Display System (RDPS) performs the following functions:

a. Accept primary and secondary radar data from up to 16 radars;

b. Process and format the data combined from all sensors for viewing on up to 20 consoles in the Area Control Centre and remote sites; and viewing at an optional positions in the Control Tower;

c. Display the data at each user position (console);

d. Accept flight plan data and combine with radar data;

e. Provide Minimum Safe Altitude Warning (MSAW) and Short Term Conflict Alert (STCA), and Danger Area Intrusion Alarm functions;

f. Process user requests for data and control;

g. Provide on-line validity checking and alarm;

h. Provide on-line malfunction detection and alarm; and

i. Provide fail-safe degraded mode operation and back-up.

j. In addition to these functions each console (as an option) is capable of receiving radar data directly from all radars. This is referred to as the bypass function.

RDPS Functionalities

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Design, Build and Installation of a Radar Data Processing and Display System (RDPS) at Medan Polonia Airport

System Configuration

 The system has been in operation since 2007.

 It provides control over airspace from Pekanbaru to Aceh, from Batam to Indian Ocean.

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Development of Tunnel in the Sky

for Flight Navigation in Indonesian Airspace

 The objective is to provide pilots with information of where the aircraft is relative to the desired flight path and what action needs to be taken to stay on course.

 High quality situational awareness is required for low flying through mountainous landscape.

 The advent of light computer tablets with high quality 3-D display processing capability can provide low cost solution.

 The system configuration:

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Handheld GPS PC Tablet

Tunnel in the Sky

Flight Information

Data and display processing

Positional data sensor

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Development of Tunnel in the Sky

for Flight Navigation in Indonesian Airspace

 The Enarotali-Timika route is used for system verification and validation.

 The tunnel size is designed based on the largest type, Twin Otter aircraft.

 The tunnels are positioned at 300 m. interval along the routes, totaling 280 square sections.

ENAROTALI 03 55 33.14 S 136 22 39.57 E

Papua

Island 04 31 01.21 S^TIMIKA

136 52 01.10 E WAGHETE

04 02 37.20 S 136 16 34.79 E TANJUNG

03 54 51.48 S 136 17 12.48 E

3,000 m SL

2,400 m SL 3000 m

open tunnel for performing turning maneuver

2000 m from RW 08

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Development of Tunnel in the Sky

for Flight Navigation in Indonesian Airspace

 The tunnel design is verified through flight testing in the Engineering Flight Simulator.

 The route is flown by a single engine Cessna 172P Skyhawk.

 To reflect real situations, a bad weather condition is used for the flight testing, in which fog covers the area resulting in much reduced pilot visibility.

15 TIMIKA

Inset (b)

Inset (a) ENAROTALI

TANJUNG

WAGHETE

Tunnels from the front view

Tunnels in the perspective view

Actual flight path in the Engineering Flight Simulator

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AIR TRANSPORT ENGINEERING AND OPERATIONS

Research Activities in

Capacity Enhancement

(Airline, Airport and Airspace)

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Design and Analysis of a GNSS-Landing System (GLS) Approach Procedure at Jakarta Soekarno-Hatta International Airport

Simulated Flight Trajectory of an RNAV/GPS Approach to Runway 25R

Instrument Approach RNAV (GNSS) RWY 25L

Segment of theApproachProcedure

 The objective is to analyze the effectiveness of a GBAS (Ground Based Augmentation System) -based precision approach procedure at Jakarta Soekarno-Hatta

International Airport.

 The design of the precision approach procedure follows the ICAO PANS-OPS Doc 8168 Vo. II Part III Section 6.

OAS (Obstacle Assessment Surface) Template for Runway 25R Aircraft Category C/D

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Simulation track Desired track

Approach Trajectory to Runway 25L

Offline analysis with MatLab

1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000

Altitude (feet)

Altitude Flight Simulation APP07L

Simulator X-Plane as Server LAN HUB

Simulation Display

LAN Client-01 LAN Client-02 Web Server ITB

Simulator Client-Server Network

 Flight simulation for verification and validation was performed using the X-Plane, Google Earth5 and MatLab/Simulink based Engineering Flight Simulator at the Aircraft Design, Operations and Maintenance Research Group, ITB

 Simulation was performed using Boeing 777-200 aircraft

1 2

3 4 5 6

 Flight Parameters were recorded for analysis.

Design and Analysis of a GNSS-Landing System (GLS) Approach

Procedure at Jakarta Soekarno-Hatta International Airport

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Development of Air Traffic Model at Jakarta Soekarno-Hatta International Airport

 There is a significant difference in capacity at SHIA as compared to other airports of similar layout.

 Capacity constraint leads to air traffic congestion, thereby increasing operational costs and reducing safety and

service levels.

 To develop a realistic air traffic model at SHIA that can be used to establish scenarios for increasing capacity

Background

Objectives

 The model is developed based on MatLab SimEvents taking into account:

1. Airside configuration of the airport (runways, taxiways, aprons, etc.)

2. Air traffic procedure into and out of SHIA 3. Traffic demand rate

4. Safety standards in terms of aircraft separations between various aircraft categories

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Development of Air Traffic Model at Jakarta Soekarno-Hatta International Airport

 Different traffic scenarios can be analyzed to establish a procedure that can anticipate real changes in demand pattern

Results

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00

50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130

Delay (min)

Movement Delay vs Aircraft Movement

Equal Departure:Arrival Demand Without Feedback

TOTAL DLA ARR DLA DEP DLA

Practical Capacity 80 Mov/Hr

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00

55 65 75 85 95 105

Delay (mins)

Movement

Delay vs Aircraft Movement 70:30 Departure:Arrival Demand

Ratio

ARR DLA DEP DLA AVG DLA

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00

55 65 75 85 95 105

Delay (mins)

Movement

Delay vs Aircraft Movement 30:70 Departure:Arrival Demand Ratio

DEP DLA ARR DLA AVG DLA

 Different feedback scenarios can be analyzed to establish a procedure that can anticipate real changes in demand pattern

 Increasing inter-arrival separation to ease departure congestion

 Rerouting traffic to other waypoints in case of

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Development of a Multi-Airport Simulation Model for Airport Slot and Traffic Disruption Management

 Flight scheduling can be arranged to reduce traffic congestion at busy major airports.

 Rearranging flight schedules to and from busy airports can reduce delays not only at the airports but also at the other corresponding airports.

 The study utilizes a multi-airport simulation model by taking into account the corresponding airport capacities, flight separation criteria, aircraft rotation and expected flight delays.

 The study performed at 6 busiest major airports in Indonesia indicates that airborne delays can be significantly reduced by slightly rearranging flight schedules.

 The model can be used to analyze the impact of airline’s additional flight requests to the traffic pattern.

0 1 2 3 4 5 >5

0 5 10 15 20

deviation from initial shedule (minute)

Amount flight from Focus Airport

Departure Arrival

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Development of a Multi-Airport Simulation Model for Airport Slot and Traffic Disruption Management

 The model is expanded for traffic disruption management in case of one airport is suddenly unavailable for service.

 The solution can be either rearranging flight schedules to and from the disrupted airports or deviating ongoing flights to the alternate airports.

A-FA A-FC B-FY B-FZ

003 301 221

813

303 231 821 004

308 227

851

007 234

Disruption Period

Disruption effected flight events

014 245

0 50 100 150 200

0 2 4 6

Axis Title

Disruption Duration (hr) Number of Delayed Flights

CGK Closure at 07.00

Run1 Run2 Run3 Run4 Run5

0 5 10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Jumlah Rerouted

Disruption Duration (hr) Number of Rerouted Flights

0 50 100 150

0 2 4 6

Jumlah Cancelled

Disruption Duration (hr) Number of Cancelled Flights

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Aircraft Flight Trajectory Reconstruction for Aviation Safety Analysis

 Aircraft accident analysis has been heavily relied on data recorder in the Flight Data Recorder and Cockpit Voice Recorder (the so called black box) for establishing accurate analysis of the probable causes of accident.

 In the rare event in which the data in black box cannot be recovered, available data from other sources can be used to reconstruct the flight to provide clues as to what happen leading to the accident.

 The objective is to identify probable cause by establishing the most probable flight scenarios.

 Flight reconstruction is carried out in the Engineering Flight Simulator by using data obtained from various sources (radar track recording, ATC communication, etc.)

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118.45 118.5 118.55 118.6

-4.095 -4.09 -4.085 -4.08 -4.075 -4.07 -4.065 -4.06 -4.055 -4.05 -4.045

Latitude vs Longitude

Latitude [deg]

Longitude [deg]

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Aircraft Flight Trajectory Reconstruction for Aviation Safety Analysis

 Several event and flight scenarios are established based on the analysis of the available data.

 The flight can then be reconstructed to closely follow the trajectory.

 Flight parameters are continuously recorded for off-line analysis.

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

4x 10⁴ Altitude History

Altitude [ft]

time [sec]

420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620

Ground Speed History

Ground Speed [knots]

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

-10 -5 0 5 10

Angle of Attack History

AoA [deg]

time [sec]

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

-5 0 5 10

Beta Angle History

Beta Angle [deg]

time [sec]

 Based on flight data analysis for the most probable scenario, the probable causes of the accident can be identified.

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AEROSPACE VEHICLE DESIGN AND ENGINEERING SIMULATIONS

Research and Development Activities in

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Service Improvement

through the Use of Qualified Human Resources

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Design of Trainer Aircraft

 The project is sponsored by the Institute for Research and Development , Ministry of Transportation, Indonesia, for 3 (three) years (2013-2015).

 The objective is to design and build a two-seat trainer aircraft prototype for flight training.

 2013: Conceptual design

 2014: Preliminary design and manufacturing engineering

 2015: Detail design and manufacture

 MTOW = 650 kg.

 Empty weight = 380 kg.

 Wing area: 9.4 m².

 Engine: Avco Lycoming IO-320B 140 hp

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Design of Trainer Aircraft

 At present the activities include:

 Preliminary sizing

 Aerodynamic design and analysis

 Flight performance, stability and control analysis

 Preliminary definition of structural layout

 Preliminary systems design

 Budget and cost estimate

C_L

C_D

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45

0.0 0.5 1.0

Sh / S

x_cg/ c_bar

Stall Landing take off rotation Stick Fixed Maneuver Point Desain Stick Fixed Static Stability

Control and stability analysis

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Research and Development in Engineering Simulators

 The objective is to use the simulator for cockpit familiarization and operational training for pilots.

 Development of WiSE Craft Engineering Flight Simulator

Marker

1. Development of out-of-window view :

 Day and night out-of-window view

 Test Area out-of-window view

Stall Warning Light

2. Development of audio system

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3. Development of simulated instruments

WiSE EFS Cockpit Panel

Research and Development in Engineering Simulators

Microcontroller on the board

Sofware Functional Test on Hardware System

5. Development of Q-feel System

4. Development of Simulation Software

Simulator Software on Matlab/Simulink Executable Simulator Software

SIMplifly.EXE

6. Integration

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Research and Development in Engineering Simulators

 The WiSE EFS is extensively used for pilot familiarization and training.

 The EFS has been further developed to include other aircraft dynamics and can be used for many purposes:

 Fighter air combat simulation and analysis

 Aircraft accident analysis

 Flight verification and validation of a GNSS-based landing approach procedure.

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AEROSPACE VEHICLE DESIGN

Research and Development Activities in

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Reliable and Safe Air Transport Operators

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 A collaborative research and development activity between the Aircraft Design, Operations and Maintenance Research Division and the Flight Physics Research Division of the

Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering.

 Fully funded by the Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology of Indonesia.

 The aim is to provide a safe, fuel –efficient, high-speed transportation mode between islands of Indonesia.

Research and Development in Wing-in-Surface Effect Technology

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 Wing in Surface Effect (WiSE) craft, or popularly known as Wing in Ground Effect (WiG) craft is an air vehicle which operates at very low-altitude to gain improved lift-drag ratio by mean of a phenomenon known as ground effect.

 This phenomenon leads to fuel efficiency and finally reducing the flight cost

 The research and development activities cover configuration studies, design, analysis, and manufacturing of sub-scaled and full-scaled models.

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Research and Development in Wing-in-Surface Effect Technology

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1. Studies

on configuration designs, structures, performances, stabilities, controls, etc

3.

Flight Testing

of Remote Controlled (RC) models

2. Experiments

and data gathering

4. Prototyping

of 2-seater and 8- seater configurations

5. Flight Simulator

Development

Research and Development in Wing-in-Surface Effect Technology

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 Concept validation is performed through design, build and flight test of remotely piloted sub-scaled models of different configurations.

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Rectangular Wing Configuration

Shouldered Reversed Delta Wing Configuration Simple Reversed Delta

Wing Configuration

Research and Development in Wing-in-Surface Effect Technology

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 The research concludes at design, analysis and manufacturing of a full-scaled 8- seater WiGE craft