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(http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4128-6688) Master of Epidemiology, School of Postgraduate, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

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(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8889-4982) Master of Epidemiology, School of Postgraduate, Diponegoro University, Indonesia, Indonesia

Suhartono Suhartono (ScopusID: 57195256309 (http://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?

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(https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1925-9755) Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

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(http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4192-9110) Departement of Epidemiology and Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Indonesia, Indonesia

Lintang Dian Saraswati (ScopusID: 57193449366 (http://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?

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(https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7975-9957) Departement of Epidemiology and Tropical Disease, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

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Home (https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/jekk/index) / Archives

(https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/jekk/issue/archive) / Vol 5, No 2: Agustus 2020 (https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/jekk/issue/view/617)

Vol 5, No 2: Agustus 2020

Hubungan Paparan Asap dengan Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) pada Anak Usia 0-5 Tahun di Wilayah Pertanian Kecamatan Panti

Kabupaten Jember

Vivi Oktaviana Wulandari^*, Latifa Aini Susumaningrum^*, Tantut Susanto^*, Abdul Kholis^**

*Departemen Keperawatan Komunitas, Keluarga, dan Gerontik, Fakultas Keperawatan Universitas Jember, ^**Puskesmas Panti, Dinas Kesehatan , Kabupaten Jember

ABSTRACT

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) in developing countries at the age of under five have a fairly high prevalence, which relates to air pollution at home, such smoke as firewood, cigarette and mosquito coils.

Methods: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between smoke exposure of ARI in age child 0-5 year in agricultural area Panti District, Jember Regency. A case control study design was conducted among grup control 120 and case grup 120 of respondent using stratified random sampling. A self administered questionnaire was used to interview indoor air quality. Chi Square test was perform to analyze the relationship between smoke exposure of ARI.

Result: The result identified as exposure to firewood smoke 63.3%, exposure to cigarette smoke 75.8% and exposure to smoke from mosquito coils 68.3%. There were significantly relationship between firewood (χ2 = 5.813; p-value = 0.016), exposure to cigarette smoke (χ2 = 9.094; p-value = 0.004), can immediately bring mosquito coils (χ2 = 4.929; p-value = 0.037). Smoke exposure is relationship with ARI in age child 0-5 year.

Conclusion : Therefore, efforts to ARI can be prevented by family who maintain air quality at home.

Keywords: ARI; children; firewood smoke; cigarette smoke; mosquito coil smoke

JEKK

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas 5 (2), 2020, 88-95

*Penulis korespondensi, [email protected]

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**Comparison of Antibacterial Activity of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata)** Ethanol and Water Stem Extract Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus

aureus (MRSA) ATCC 3351 In Vitro

Ni Wayan Sinta Devi Arini^*, Bagus Komang Satriyasa^**, I Made Jawi^**, Ni Wayan Sucindra Dewi^**, Agung Wiwiek Indrayani^**

*Student of Medicine and Medical Doctor Profession Education, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, ^**Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University,

Denpasar, Bali

ABSTRACT

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is penicillin and cephalosporine resistant Staphylococcus aureus which is a major cause of nosocomial infection. Various studies have been conducted for resistant cases, especially herbs which have antibacterial activity. Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) is an example of herb which has antibacterial activity due to the presence of andrographolide.

Andrographolide soluble in ethanol and poorly in water, while extraction with alcohol causes andrographolide’s degradation. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of ethanol and water stem extract and compare them against MRSA ATCC 3351 in vitro.

Methods: This is an experimental study with a post-test only control group design and conducted by disc diffusion technique to obtain an inhibition zone against MRSA.

Result: The result of this study showed the mean inhibitory zone of ethanol stem extract was 5,87mm, 6,77mm, 7,87mm respectively for 25%, 50%, and 100% concentrations, while 1% concentration did not show antibacterial activity. Water stem extract at 1%, 25%, 50%, and 100% concentrations showed mean inhibitory zone was at 4,57mm, 7,17mm, 8,67mm, and 9,67mm respectively.

Conclusion: Ethanol and water stem extract showed antibacterial activity against MRSA. The independent sample t-test didn’t show a difference between ethanol and water stem extract of Andrographis paniculata toward MRSA (p>0,05).

Keywords: Andrographis paniculata’s stem extract; ethanol; water; MRSA; in vitro.

JEKK

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas 5 (2), 2020, 69-76

*Corresponding author, [email protected]

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Vol 5, No 2: Agustus 2020

Table of Contents

Hubungan Paparan Asap dengan Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) pada Anak Usia 0-5 Tahun di Wilayah Pertanian Kecamatan Panti

Kabupaten Jember

JEKK

Comparison of Antibacterial Activity of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) Ethanol and Water Stem Extract Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus

aureus (MRSA) ATCC 3351 In Vitro

JEKK

**Comparison of Antibacterial Activity of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata)** Ethanol and Water Stem Extract Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus