Students, giving information to improve their writing skills and motivating students to be better at writing a descriptive paragraph. Using the outlining technique does not affect students' achievement in writing a descriptive paragraph.
Recount Text
Procedure is usually used to describe how to do something that is close to our daily activity. The social function of the procedure is to describe how something is achieved through a sequence of actions or steps.. a) Goal: telling the goal to be accomplished.. b) Material: telling the necessary materials.
Descriptive Text
Descriptive text is a type of text which has the social function of providing a description of objects or things or people, generic structure and linguistic features. Social function of descriptive text is to describe a certain person, place or thing in detail.. a) Identification: identifies phenomenon to be described.. b) Description: describes part qualities, characteristics.
News Item
Review
Analytical Exposition
The social function of analytical exposition is to convince the reader that the idea is an important issue.. a) Thesis: Introducing the topic and defining the writer's position.
Hortatory
Spoof
The social function of a hoax is to tell an event with a humorous touch and entertain the reader. a) Orientation: the beginning of the story contains the introduction of the characters and the events in the story. b) Series of events: contains what happens to the characters.
Anecdote
The Writing Process
Writing process very important for the writer and other people, to make a good piece of writing, we not only need good ideas to complete their writing, but also more than just an idea, and the process of writing consider the value of writing. process we can know in this explanation, According to Tompkins the stages of the writing process there are five. In pre-writing you should find the idea, build on the idea, create the plan and structure to write your idea. Harmer (2004:12) the writing process is a way of looking at what people do when they compose written text. How do the writing process teachers and students develop their ideas and record them in written form.
Each stage of the writing process is important and should be explicitly taught. It also added that there are four main elements in the writing process, namely: planning, preparation, editing (thinking and revising) and the final version. After editing the draft and making any changes they deem necessary, they produce a final version of your writing to share.
According to Oshima and Hogue (1991: 3), 'there are four main stages in the writing process: prewriting, planning (outlining) and writing and revising drafts, and writing the final copy for submission'. Based on the previous explanation above, we can conclude the process of writing that the writer claims to be the process of writing that the expert explains that the process of writing is prescribing, preparing, revising, editing and publishing.
Teaching Writing
Writing Achievement
Good writing should include ideas, organization, word choice, sentence fluency, and conventions (Carol, et al, 2001).
Paragraph
- Parts of paragraph
- Types of Paragraph
A good description is like an artist painting a picture that can be clearly "seen" in the mind of the reader. A writing needs an idea to describe the details of the subject, and we use words to explain it. Topic sentence: Can be anywhere in the paragraph, but the most common position is at the first or end of the paragraph.
There are types of supports that can be used when writing a supporting idea paragraph. Sometimes it is poetic in nature, in which the author gives details of the event and not just information about what happened. An expository paragraph is a topic-oriented style of writing in which the author's main focus is to tell you about a given topic or subject, leaving out his or her own opinions.
This is one of the most common types of writing styles, which you always see in textbooks and "how to's". Persuasive paragraph usually refers to persuade from the content of the text, and the last is Declarative paragraph usually has the meaning that.
Descriptive Paragraph
- Types of Descriptive Paragraph
- Parts of Descriptive Paragraph
- Assessment of Writing Skill in Descriptive Paragraph
Social function: the social function of descriptive paragraph writing is to describe a particular person, place or animal using adjectives or attributes. The past tense is used to describe something in the past.. b) The use of action verbs is needed in description, especially for describing behavior. Using the Present Simple: The sentence pattern used is the present simple because it shows the fact of the object being described.
The more students know about descriptive paragraph, the concepts, the more they will have good ability to write descriptive paragraph. The entire building is crowned by a large Stupa in the center of the upper circle. Content: The ability to think creatively and develop thinking, including all the relevant topics.
Content: This category considers the development and understanding of the topic as well as the adequacy of the content of the text. Organization: several factors are taken into account, such as the organization of ideas, the structure and coherence of the paragraph.
Outlining Technique 1. Technique
- Outlining
- The Advantages and Disadvantages of Outlining Technique
- The Procedure of Outlining Technique
Technique is a way in the learning process that teachers use to make the learning process easier and students more active in the activity. Based on the above explanation, the writer argues that the technique is a way of use by teachers in the implementation of the teaching method or a way to inform the teaching materials so that the students are active and easily understand the materials given by the teachers. At this stage, they do not need to write complete sentences; they may simply use phrases or fragments that capture the main content without preserving the structure and wording of the original text.
It will not be easy to ensure if any students do not understand with the topic given, so she/he will have a hard time making the outline of the paragraph. Outline technique helps the students to develop their ideas in writing descriptive paragraph, Oshima (1999:80) explains that an outline is useful guide for you to use while writing a paragraph. In descriptive paragraph writing, it is generally found that this technique is useful for students to make a connection with the topic given so that the students can think more.
Students try to write down the smallest details and examples should be under each supporting idea. It is the occasion for students to write because they have the guidance of their ideas in the outline.
Previous Research
The camel has a floppy hump in the middle of its back, big teeth, a strong smell and long legs as thin as sticks. Its natural habitat is the desert, where there is little water and very hot sand. It can subsist for long periods on the fat stored in its hump and by eating the thorny plants of the desert; it has pads on the feet, knees and chest, so it can withstand the hot sand, regardless of whether it is standing or sitting.
Don't let the looks fool you. You may think that a camel is ugly, but its qualities go far beyond its appearance. The result of the study showed that the use of the outline technique was effective in students' achievement in writing a descriptive paragraph in senior high school and used an experimental research. This journal is almost the same as my proposal, but I see the difference that this journal's outline research problems affect student achievement in paragraph writing, while my proposal on student achievement in descriptive paragraph writing, but the similarity is the use of the same technique.
The second is The Effect of Using the Outlining Technique to Improve Students' Ability in Descriptive Writing by KamilahTazky (2018). This is almost the same as my proposal as my explanation in the first journal above, and the researcher also conducted this experimental quantitative research.
Conceptual Framework
Writing a descriptive paragraph is not an easy task, especially for high school students. It is well known that many students still struggle with writing even though they have spent years learning to write in English. This is because the students had difficulty generating ideas and organizing ideas into a good descriptive paragraph.
There are some steps that can be used by students to write descriptive paragraph in full through outlining techniques. They will write and develop a descriptive paragraph based on the outline done beforehand.
RESEARCH METHOD
- Research Design
- Population and Sample 1. Population
- Instrument for Collecting the Data
- Scoring of the Test
- Procedure of Research
- Pre-Test
- Treatment
- Validity of the Test
- Technique of Analyzing the Data
The pre-test is designed to find out to what extent the students can apply the sketching technique when writing a descriptive paragraph. 2 The teacher gave the students a 30-minute pre-test to measure the students' writing skills before using strategy or technique. 5 The teacher asked the students to answer a post-test on writing a descriptive paragraph given by the teacher.
6 In the last step, the teacher collected the tests of all students and the teacher's reflection and gave an assessment. 2 The teacher gave the students a pre-test in 30 minutes to measure the students' writing skills. 4 The teacher asked the students for an exercise to answer a descriptive paragraph writing test.
5 Finally, the teacher collected the students' paper and then gave the teacher reflection and evaluation. After they applied using outlining technique as a technique for writing descriptive paragraphs, the researcher gave a test to the students and also before applying it. Calculation of data from pre-test and post-test of experimental and control group.
Tabulation of the score of the students in pre-test and post-test of experimental and control group.
