It only concerns the use of spoken English by Tanah Lot area guides when interacting with tourists during their visits to the Tanah Lot area. The specific objectives of writing this article are to provide an insight into the English used by the guide in the Tanah Lot area and I want to get a general overview of the English spoken by a guide in the Tanah Lot area. The books are 'Exploration in the Function of Language' by Halliday, edited by Edward Arnold, 1973.
The data of this study is in the form of conversations and the conversations are conducted by guides in Tanah Lot Area. Once the data is classified, it is systematically analyzed by looking at each English feature that appears in the conversation. In the previous chapter I already said something about the background, scope of the discussion, objectives, theoretical basis and method of research.
In the process of communication, we put together four elements, such as: the sender is the person who tries to convey the message, the message is the verbal or non-verbal information that is conveyed. The choice of words itself does not affect the recipient as much as the expression of the voice or facial expressions (Philips.
Improving Verbal Style
Voice and Diction
Good Speaking Voice
To have a good speaking voice, we need a constant volume of controlled breathing, which comes from the diaphragm.
Dictation
Telephone Communications
Definition of Language According to Halliday
- Ideational Function
- Interpersonal function
- Textual Function
Language is the way it is because of what it has to do; only the relationship between language function and language structure will appear less directly and in more complex ways in the fully developed adult system than in the language of children (Halliday, 1973: 34)”. But it is impossible for a person to know all the languages in the world, even if he spends his whole life learning language. Talking about language then becomes metaphorical, because it is a very complex thing and has so many interrelationships with different aspects of human life that it can be studied from different points of view.
With this function, the speaker or writer embodies in language his experience of the phenomena of the real world, and this includes the experience of the inner world of his own consciousness, his reactions, cognitions and perceptions, as well as his linguistic act. speaking and understanding. Here, the speaker uses language as a means of his own teaching of speech events: expressing his comments, his views and assessments, as well as the relationship he establishes between himself and, above all, the listener or This is a function that is internal to the language and is therefore usually not taken into account when the objects of inquiry are external.
And therefore the text function is not limited to the establishment of relationships between sentences, it is just as concerned with the internal organization of the sentence, with its meaning as a message both in itself and in relation to the context (Halliday. Without the textual component ). of meaning, we should be able to make no use of language.
Function of Language According to Jon Blundell
And whether in a formal or informal communication situation, we can group communication into its own categories.
Function of Language by Swan
- Formal and Informal
However, there are some words and structures that are mainly used in formal situations, that is, situations where people are careful how they express themselves, such as writing reports, business meetings, conferences or polite conversations with strangers. And some words and structure are mainly used in informal situations, for example, conversations with friends or letters to one's family.
Formal
Polite and Impolite
Polite
Politeness is of course used when someone wants to show respect to important people or strangers. At the beginning of a sentence or at the end of a sentence, make the request more polite.
Impolite
Neutral
The expressions belong to neutral language because these expressions are still polite, sometimes people use this expression in formal language when they speak. In writing, the word was often used as formal language, for example in business letters.
Functions of English According to Leo Jones
- Greeting
- Requesting
- Inviting
- Giving Information
- Offering Something
- Apologizing
- Thanking
- Saying goodbye
In example (1), the speaker is using formal English and it can be seen that the expression is grammatically correct. The speaker starts the conversation in case number (3) by saying "Hi, how are you?" grammar is correct in formal English. The speaker asks the listener to show the way and give information in example (2) by saying, can you please show me the way?.
The last example (3) shows that the speaker requests the hearer to order special fried rice for him. The speaker uses more polite English in example number (1), he expresses that he would be very happy if the listener could come to the cinema with him tonight. In example number (2), the speaker invites the hearer to go to the cinema with his friends.
All the above examples are categorized into functions of English in the form of giving information. In the first example, the speaker gives information about the location of the city center. The second example, that there are good hotels in the city that talks about the location of those hotels.
In example (2), the speaker offers to make a cup of coffee for the listener and uses formal English because he thinks the situation is formal. When the speaker asked using a sentence, "Okay, do you mind if I smoke?" It is shown that the speaker would like permission to smoke. If he wants to refuse consent, the speaker uses ways to explain why he disagrees.
To thank someone, we can use expressions as can be seen in the example above. In the first example, the speaker is using non-polite English because the speaker's question is not grammatically correct. In the second example, show that the speaker uses English function to thank someone by using polite English which is grammatical.
ANALYSIS
The Overview of Tanah Lot Area
- Greeting
- Giving Information
- Thanking
- Apologizing
- Offering Something
- Saying Good Bye
The expression "Welcome to Tanah Lot ya" is used to open the conversation between the guides and guest. The guide said good evening because the situation in the evening before they go back to the hotel. The guide gives information about the location of Tanah Lot Temple and when it is the ceremony in Tanah Lot Temple, also when the high tide the people usually pray in the Penyawang.
Guides provide information about Batu Bolong is the best surfing spot in Tanah Lot Area. Guide providing information about the first place to visit before visiting Tanah Lot Temple. In formal expression the guide will say “First we are going to Batu Bolong and.
From the first underlined in the above conversation, the guides used the English function of saying thank you. In the second underlined above, it belongs to the English function as thanks function and it belongs to the formal expression. Guide: I'm so sorry you can't go to Tanah Tanah Lot Temple today due to high water.
We can see the conversation telling us if the guide is forbidden tourist to Tanah Lot because high tide. The purpose of this expression to tell the tourist can not go to Tanah Lot temple. In the second underlined sentence, English functions as an offer, because the guide recommended the guest for dinner in the Melasti Restaurant.
In the formal expression, the guide should say "will you try the klepon cake?".
CONCLUSION
Conclusion
The expressions used by the guide to express the function of English are shown below: The first is a greeting expression, for example 'Welcome to Tanah Lot'. Most of the guide uses the expression when the guest enters the Tanah Lot and is with the guest. The second expression is to give information, the guides usually used the expression: give information about the location, ceremony or the sunset in the Tanah Lot area, for example "The Tanah Lot Temple is located in the middle of the sea in the big rock" . The guide in Tanah Lot Area uses an apologetic expression when the guide was wrong or cheated during the tour. This expression can be seen in the example "I'm sorry, if something is wrong on the tour today".
Most of the guide at Tanah Lot Area used to express something for the guest offered to try or see something, the example is "do you want to see the painting" and "do you want to try klepon". The last expression I can get from the guide at Tanah Lot Area is to say goodbye. All this expression I found in the field research from conversation between the tour guide and guest at Tanah Lot Area.
From the data it was found that most of the guides used formal and informal expressions as well as polite and impolite. This can be called polite because the tour guide in treating the guest with good attitude who smiles on his face and also rude because the tour smokes in the tour is not good attitude when treating the guest.
Suggestion
As we know, Western countries have a totally different culture with our country Indonesia, including in terms of using language or talking to others. This different culture in speaking must be understood by those working in the tourism industry.
