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CHAPTER II
RELATED LITERATURE REVIEW
At this Chapter, the researcher discusses and explains about: Moral values, Movie and Previous Study. The purpose of making literature review is to give some theories and comprehensions to the researcher so that the researcher easier to do this research.
A. Moral
Hurlock Elizabeth claims that the term "moral" originates from the Latin word mores, which denotes manners, tradition, and folkways. Moral behavior is conduct that complies with the societal group's moral standards. It is governed by moral principles that define the anticipated behavioral patterns for every group member and to which the culture's population has grown accustomed to (Hurlock;
1997).
To behave morally is to conform to the accepted norms of society.
Contrarily, immoral or immoral behavior is conduct that, even when it is detrimental to the group, does so not out of personal malice but rather due to a misunderstanding of what is socially acceptable (Hurlock, 1956). Hurlock (1956) also claims that true morality is conduct that is both voluntary on the part of the person and conforms to social norms. It is a byproduct of the shift away from external power and entails behavior that is controlled internally. It is followed by a sense of accountability for the deed.
In the context of values, morality is a component of values, specifically moral values. The values are not all moral standards. Moral principles pertain to both good and bad human behavior. Morality is the accepted social teaching that
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actions, attitudes, duties, morality, manners, and decency are either good or bad (Alwi, 2008). Knowing what is desirable and bad is a relative concept. This indicates that not everything that is generally regarded as beneficial for a person or a nation has the same meaning for other people or other countries. Usually, a person's perspective on life affects how they feel about moral principles (Maulidia, 2018).
B. Values
Values are divided into two types, being values and delivering values.
Humans have inherent values that shape our conduct and how we interact with others. These values are known as values of being. The following attitudes are included in the values of inclusion: integrity, bravery, love of peace, self-ability, capacity, discipline, limitations awareness, purity, and conformity. Giving values are those that must be put into practice or provided, after which they will be equally received. These qualities—among others—are included in the values of giving: faithfulness, respect, love, affection, sensitivity, unselfishness, kindness, friendliness, fairness, and generosity (Linda, 1995). Since these values are the main topics of discussion in lessons at school, students have all been educated about them since they were in elementary school. So, the issues under discussion in the values education that is currently taking place have appropriately taken into account the behaviors that are wanted and demonstrated in the daily lives of this nation's young population. The issue is in how to teach information so that people become accustomed to acting in accordance with the required values (Elmubarok, 2009).
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The value of being is a value that is within evolved humans beings in to the behavior and the way we treat others (Linda & Eyre, 1997) It includes:
a. Honesty
Honesty toward one's self, others, institutions, and society. Because there was nothing to disguise, one should have heart-based strength and confidence.
b. Bravery
Attempt good activities even if they are challenging who dared to stand in opposition to the present majority's incorrect direction and dared to refuse an invitation to wrong. The guts to follow your emotions despite being misunderstood and suffering as a result. Strive to be polite and hospitable.
c. Peace
A willingness to attempt and accept other people's viewpoints rather than to oppose and reject them. Recognize that disagreements are rarely settled through argument and that persistence is a sign of a problem or of insecurity in a person, so ask for your patience, emotional control, and willingness to consider others' emotions rather than immediately responding to them.
d. Confidence
Self-confidence, awareness of one's limits, and the originality of one's own growth His own actions are the result of his attitude. Overcoming the propensity to place the responsibility for problems on others. Having faith in our own capacity.
10 e. Self-discipline
Self-discipline is a mindset that equips us to not follow our hearts' desires that undermine our sense of self-worth or the companies we work for, but to seek anything that is beneficial to us and to pursue healthy or positive desires at the appropriate levels.
f. Purity
Awareness of the importance of remaining virginal before and after marriage. Recognizing the function of sexuality and matrimony in it. awareness of the long-term (and extended) effects that an immoral sexual relationship can even have.
g. Hard work
To fulfill the needs of living in this world and the next, one must exert their maximum effort while maintaining a positive outlook. Everyone should put in the effort to provide for their needs in this life and the next.
2. Value of Giving
The value of giving is that values need to be illustrated or offered before they can be taken for granted (Linda & Eyre, 1997). Values of giving as follow:
a. Loyalty
We hold those who are dedicated to their families, their jobs, their communities, their schools, and other organizations accountable. Supportive, willing to assist, willing to serve, and trusted to keep their word.
b. Respect
Respect for life, regard for property rights, respect for parents and elders, respect for the environment, and respect for other people's rights and beliefs are
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all important virtues, courteous, and civilized conduct. Be respectful of yourself and refrain from putting yourself down.
c. Love
More than just being devoted and polite, one must be dear to oneself. Dear neighbors, dear friends who also adore to despite us and highlights the duty to say with the family for the rest of someone's existence.
d. Sensitive and not selfish
More concern for others Develop a sense of community and empathy for others. Family, sensitivity, and empathetic awareness of the needs and natural conditions of others.
e. Humble and Caring
Humble and caring attitude are more respectable to have a humble and caring mindset than a rough and tough one. The propensity for understanding rather than conflict. Tenderness, particularly toward the immature or vulnerable.
Capable of establishing and maintaining friendships.
f. Fair
Obeying the law, treating everyone fairly, and playing games. the belief in the rule of cause and effect and natural consequences. Recognize the kind and giving attitude and the futility of seeking vengeance.
C. Movie
A collection of still or moving images is called a movie. It is created either by employing cameras to capture photographic images or by using animation or visual effects to create images. Filmmaking has evolved into a creative endeavor or business. Frames are the individual still pictures that make up a movie. The
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quick succession of these photos gives the impression of motion to the spectator.
The persistence of visual effect, which occurs when the eye keeps a visual image for a brief period of time after the source has been withdrawn, prevents the viewer from seeing the flashing between frames. Beta movement is a psychological phenomenon that influences how viewers perceive motion.
The word "film" was first used to refer to photographic film, also known as "film stock," which was historically the main format for capturing and exhibiting motion pictures. A single motion picture can also be referred to as a picture, picture show, moving picture, photo-play, or flick. Movie is a frequent name for a film in the United States, although the term "film" is used in Europe.
The big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies are additional words for the industry as a whole (Mubarok, 2018).
There are various kinds of movie that presented at the cinema, theater, and television. Every kinds of movie have characteristics that always amuse and entertain the viewer. According to (Elfarissyah, 2017), there are some kinds of movie genres, those are:
Action: The film of this style tells approximately the conflict of a
character to survive, stay or combat. Comedy: The film of this style is the film is based on the humor or the funny issue from the term of the tale and the person.
Horror: The film of this style typically gives the stories that occasionally past the feel of humanity. This style refers to thriller, ghost, science fiction, and many others. Thriller: This movie style usually places the anxiety created now not a
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long way from logical factors. This movie style typically is not a long way from horror genre.
Scientific: This movie style has scientists inside the story of film due to
the fact what they do, it is going to be something of primary conflict within the groove. Drama: The film of this genre generally be the only what viewer’s favourite due to the fact it's far taken into consideration as a real image of the life.
Romance: The film of this style tells the love romance of couple or lovers. Most
of audiences who watch will convey a romantic atmosphere that performed by the characters. Movie can be an effective media to convey the messages for everyone who watched it. In order that, we have to be clever in filter the movie story as a media of education. By moral values of movie, it can be give the learning as our motivation and inspiration.
D. Spider man: No Way Home Movie
Spiderman: No Way Home movie is a superhero movie from Marvel Cinematic Universe, one of the biggest movie producers in United States of America which focused on superhero movies. This movie is directed by John Watts and written by Chris Mckenna and Erik Sommers. It starred by Tom Holland, Andrew Garfield, Tobey Maguire, Zendaya, Benedict Cumberbatch, etc.
Spiderman: No Way Home is released in the end 2021 and it is the sequel of Spiderman: Far From Home (2019), and this movie is the 28th movie in Marvel Cinematic Universe.
This movie has been box office movie by reaching 1.9 million dollars from world wide total views (source: www.the-numbers.com). Spiderman: No Way Homemovie has also got 8.2/10 points based on IMDb ratings and the point
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of popularity was 96 points (source: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10872600/). It signified that Spiderman: No Way Homemovie has been one of the greatest movies in the world this time.
The film begins with the revealing of the true identity of Spiderman, namely Peter Parker by Myterio, his enemy in the previous film (Spider man: Far From Home). Of course, this was used by Jonah Jameson (Daily Bugle.net reporter) to make Peter Parker aka Spiderman even more disliked by the public because of his actions. Peter was hiding in his apartment with Mai's aunt.
Moments later, Peter's residence was surrounded by the Department of Damage Control.
They are arrested by the Department of Damage Control and taken to the office for interrogation, including close friends Needled and MJ. Peter Parker still denies that it was not him who killed Mysterio because the evidence was not strong enough, Peter and the others were sent home temporarily. Arriving at the apartment, Peter was visited by a blind lawyer named Mad Murdock who was willing to drop the charges made against Peter. However, conveying opinion from the news became the biggest obstacle to proving his innocence. Although Peter was able to escape prosecution, he still received threats from the people who believed in Mysterio. Finally they moved to a safer place, namely Happy's apartment.
The next day, Peter, MJ and Ned go to school and they are surrounded by students who blame Peter Parker. During recess, the three of them gathered to discuss which college they would go to after graduating from school. They
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decided to study at MIT (Massachusets Institute of Technology). A few days later, they got a notification letter from MIT. Unfortunately, they did not pass the selection to enter MIT because they were involved in the Spider man case.
Then, Peter thought to ask Dr. Strange the next day. Arriving at the residence of Dr. Strange, he met Dr. Strange to ask for help. However, when Dr.
Strange almost finished made all people forget about Peter. He was actually thwarted by Peter because Peter did not want his family and friends to forget him.
As a result, Dr. Strange’s spell is unstable and accidentally messes up Spiderman's dimension (his world) into chaos. Dr. Strange was angry with Peter and kicked him out of his house.
After that, Peter met with the MIT administrator so he could enter his college friend. However, the administrator still refused Peter's wishes. At that time, he also met with Dr. Octo then they fight until Peter can defeat Dr. Octo.
Finally, Peter was able to save the administrator and his wish was granted. After that, Peter was unexpectedly attacked by Norman Osborn aka Green Light.
Fortunately, Dr. Strange managed to save Peter with his magic.
When at the residence of Dr. Stranger, Dr. Octo was put in prison. Not only that, Dr. Lizard was also captured by Dr. Strange. After that, he ordered Peter to capture all Spider-man enemies from other dimensions who were trapped in Peter's dimension. First, Peter must catch Electro who is controlling electricity.
Peter was overwhelmed and finally helped by Sandman who was none other than Spider Man's enemy as well. They were both successfully put into prison by Peter.
After catching the two, Peter was contacted by May's aunt, who turned out to be
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meeting with Norman. Peter rushed to his apartment in a panic. However, it turns out that Norman is not as evil as Peter thought. Peter takes Norman to imprison him along with the other criminals. DR. Strange tries to return them to their original dimensions using Macchina. However, Peter refuses because he doesn't want them to die when sent to their original dimension. Peter also took Macchina and the fight was inevitable. Peter manages to take Macchina from Dr. Strange.
After the fight, Peter takes the criminals to his apartment to eliminate their evil nature. Unfortunately, Peter realizes that Norman still has an evil nature.
Things became chaotic and part of the apartment was destroyed. Aunt May also had to die when she tried to protect Peter from Norman's Glider. Before he died, Aunt May said, "with great power, there will be great responsibility". The police surrounded Peter's apartment after receiving information from Jonah Jameson.
Hogan surrenders to the police so that Peter can escape. Sadly, Peter left the place.
After that, Peter got worse after Jonah gave a statement that "everything that Spider-man touches will surely be destroyed". Peter headed to the top of the downtown building.
In the midst of grief, Ned can accidentally open a dimensional portal like Dr. Strange. Ned and MJ tried to find Peter but what happened instead they found 2 Peter Parkers from different dimensions (Tobey and Andrew). After talking for a while, the four of them came to comfort Peter (Tom). Peter (Tom) sits on the roof of the building devastated by the death of his aunt May and he plans to kill Norman. After finding Peter (Tom), the two Peter Parkers (Tobey and Andrew) tell their sad stories as well as provide motivation to Peter (Tom). Finally, the three Peter Parkers devise a plan to capture all of their enemies.
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Before catching all the criminals, Peter (Tom) contacted Jonah to inform him of his current position on the Statue of Liberty. Night falls, and the three Peter Parkers prepare to fight them. After the enemies came, a fierce battle ensued. Even though they were overwhelmed, but with excellent cooperation between the three, they were finally able to catch all the criminals. Norman also comes and tries to blow up Macchina so it explodes and Peter's (Tom) dimension is being destroyed. At this moment, Peter (Tom) fights with Norman. When he almost kills Norman, Peter (Tobey) prevents him and Norman is finally paralyzed.
Dr. Strange is still trying to withstand the aftermath of the Mcchina explosion. Peter (Tom) also let his family and friends forget him by asking Dr.
Strange to use the same spell at the start. Before that happens, Peter (Tom) says goodbye to 2 Peter Parker (Andrew and Tobey) and 2 of his best friends. After the spell works, Peter (Tom) lives his new life. Apparently, everyone still hasn't forgotten Spiderman, but they all have forgotten Peter. At the end of the story, Peter visits the shop where MJ works. MJ and Ned didn't recognize Peter at all.
However, Peter still accepted it. After that, Peter visits Aunt May's grave and meets Mr. Hogan even though he had forgotten about Peter. Finally, Peter moves into his new apartment and begins life as the new Spider-Man.
E. Previous Study
A previous study is one of the most important parts in a research. It used by the researcher as the reference of the study. This research used some previous studies which done by some researchers and based on the researcher’s observation all previous study was used descriptive qualitative method. The first study is entitled ―An Analysis of Moral Values in Zootopia Movie‖ which written by
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(Maulidia, 2018) from Ar-Raniry State University Darussalam Banda Aceh. The aims of study are the moral values in Zootopia movie and which moral value the most dominant appearing on it. The second study is ―The Analysis of Moral Value in the Movie Front of Class‖ by (Farziah, 2018) from Ar-Raniry State University Darussalam Banda Aceh. The content of this study is the writer stated that moral values can be found in Front of Class movie and the implication of Front of Class movie as the media of study. The last study is from (Amanda, 2020) entitled An Analysis of Moral Value in Karate Kid Movie‖ From State Islamic Institute of Tulung Agung. This study used Karate Kid movie as the learning media and also to get moral values.
The similarity of this research is moral values as the focus of the study and the contribution in learning process. Then, the difference of the study with some previous studies above are the sample movie which used by the researcher and the theory used in this research.
