• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

Chapter Neutrino Production and Searches for New Physics

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2023

Membagikan "Chapter Neutrino Production and Searches for New Physics"

Copied!
58
0
0

Teks penuh

(1)

!" $#

%&' )( * #+,#

-/.103254&68794;:=<?>A@5BCD2FEG6H034I7-KJ54;B9CI7L<NMO4IJP25>RQS-BL4ITN4;C;094IJPUWVXB9EGUY65TN4;B+>GZO6525>G09>A.5<?C[4;:G4I.\03BQ]<?092

UY<NB9BL<N.5^_4;.54I7L^GVA`Y-/.a0325<?BbCD25EG68034;7c-dJ54;B9CI7L<NMO4e28>fQ$-g@5BL4IJh03254;B94Y4;:A4;.\0XB3EiUe65T?4IBj09>kBl03@5J8V

032841.54I@80979<?.5>m657L>HJ5@8C;03<?>A.aEi0onqpsr,Ei.5Jt03>_BL4uEG7LCD2aZv>G7jUwEi.5<?Zv4;BL0DEx03<N>G.5By>iZz682{V=BL<NCIBoMO4;VG>A.5J

03284W|{0DEG.5J5EG79J~}k>=J54IT`

|H4IC€03<?>A.SH`?‚ƒC;>f:G4I7LBeUWVUe4IEGB9@57L4IUY4I.\03BP>GZd03284_4u„…4x†O‡'ˆ‰ˆHŠ+‹ŒŠŽWCI79>GB9BYB94IC€03<?>A.EG.5J">GZ

03284m.{@5UXMO4I7W>iZ]TN<N^G2{0c.54;@8037L<N.5>tBL64;CI<?4IBI`-/.0325<?BWB94;C;09<N>A.…‘-oEiTNB9>~J5<NBLCI@5BLBW03254wBLV=BL094IUeEi03<?C

@5.5C;4I7l0DEG<?.{09<N4;Bd<?._03254;B94bUe4IEGB9@57L4IUY4I.\03B;`z-/.~|H4;C;03<?>A.5ByH`“’1EG.5J~H`“”H‘F-•J54;B9CI7L<NMO4oUWV_B94IEG79CD284IB

Zv>A7w|H@56O4I7LBLV=UeUY4;097LVEG.5JZv>G7wUeEG.5<?Zv4;BL03Ei03<?>A.5BP>GZ–TNEG79^A4—4€˜=0973EJ5<?Ue4;.5B9<?>A.5BI‘•794IBL64;C;09<?:A4;T?VG`

|H4;C;03<?>A.kH`š™e<?B&J54;:G>G034;Jk03>PUY4uEGBL@5794;Ue4;.\03B]>GZ+^AEG@5^A4œ›/MO>AB9>A.ƒC;>A@565T?<N.5^AB;`

-/.t03254W.54€˜=0oCD2FEG6H034I7y03254;B941794;B9@5T03BgQ]<?TNTKM4cCI>AUY6FEG7L4IJtQ]<032t7L4IB9@8T?03ByZv79>AUž>G09254I7j28<N^A2H›

4I.84I79^iV652\V=B9<?CIBP4€˜H6O4I79<?Ue4;.\03BI`Ÿ <?.FEGTNTVA‘CI>AUXM8<N.FEi09<N>A.8BW>GZdUWV794;B9@5T03BXQ]<?0920325>GB94_>GZ]03284

>G09254I7dnqpsr4€˜H6O4I79<?Ue4;.\03BdEG794oJ54;B9C;79<NMO4IJ—<N.ƒ¡y6564;.5J5<¢˜—p&`

£m¤R¥ ¦ §j¨X© ª«s§j¬ §–­m®¯P°±®+²t§ ³§–ª~®+«µ´I­t¯ ¶$«¯ƒ·ª¸]®+´I¯Y­

¡gB1-bJ54;B9CI7L<NMO4IJ"<N.|=4IC;09<N>A.8BP¹8`“”H`“ºEG.8JS¹H`»™5‘MO>G092"09254_B9<?.5^AT?4€›/6825>G03>G.EG.5J"UX@5T03<¢›/6525>i03>A.

B3EiUe65T?4IBYQ•4;7944€˜H6O4IC€034IJ¼09>CI>A.8B9<NBl0_EGT?Ue>GBL0e65@5794;T?V>GZo4€:A4I.\09BƒZv7L>AU½03254~.54I@80979<?.5>6FEi<N7l›

657L>HJ5@8C;03<?>A.¼EGC;CI>AUY6FEG.8<N4IJM{VS03254~4IUY<NB9BL<N>A.>GZo>A.54t>G7wUY>A794k6525>G09>A.5BI‘d4u„4x†Ž‡žˆ‰ˆHŠ ‹vŠŽ€`

¾&254;794;Zv>G794G‘[09>Bl03@5JHV0925<NBe|=03EG.5JFEi79J¼}—>HJ54;T]6579>=CI4;B9Bw-W@5B94;J03254—CI>GUXM5<N.84IJBL<N.5^GTN4€›cEi.5J

UX@5T03<¢›/6525>i03>A.m4€:A4;.{0yB3EiUe65T?4G`

¾&25<NB CI>AUXM8<N.54;JXB3EGUY65T?4zC;>A.5B9<?BL094IJ1>GZ’H‘»¿\’A’d4;:A4;.\03BB94;TN4;C;034;JP<N.w‚uÀAÀAºx›Á’G¿A¿A¿dnq”gJFEi03Ey032FEx0

Q•EGB<N.X^G>H>=J1EG^A7L4I4;Ue4;.{0 Q]<?032c03254]}—>A.\034dÂ[EG7LTN>j4œ˜86O4IC€0DEi09<N>A.1>iZ’H‘“¿i™{Ãy4;:G4I.\03B;‘=Q]284I794d’=‘“¿\’iÀ

(2)

MFEGC65{^A7L>A@5.5JY|{0DEG.5J5EG79JY}k>=J54;T8657L>HC;4IB9BL4IBsEG.8JXCI>ABLUe<?C•C;>A.\0DEGUY<N.FEx03<N>G.…`q¾&2=@8BI‘A03284[65@57L<?0/Vb>GZ

03284–CI>AUXM8<N.54;J—ˆ‰ˆHŠ ‹vŠŽzB3EiUe65T?4gQ•EGB]4IBL09<NUeEi034;Jw03>PMO4–ÀAÀ8`“’87m`:9y.8TN4IBLB&>G03284I7LQ]<?B94–Bl0DEi094IJ…‘F<?.

0328<NB[CD2FEi68034;7[03254b}k>G.{094bÂ[EG79T?>X657L4IJ5<?C;03<?>A.5B•Zv>G7•03254–4 „ 4 † ‡ ˆ‰ˆHŠ ‹ŒŠ…µ6579>=CI4;B9B]EG7L4j>AM803EG<N.54;J

@5BL<N.5^103284<;/;4=#>m4;:G4I.\0g^G4I.54;73Ei09>A7I‘5Q]25<?CD2—Q•EGBdJ54IBLCI7L<NMO4IJ—<N.ƒJ54;03EG<NTŽ<N.k|H4IC€03<?>A.k’H`’=`“”8`

?A@CBD@CB E FGIHKJMLFNOFPAQSRUTVQKWMFXFYF:Z1[ \]\M^`_6^,acbLRUH'HH#Fb"QKdeRUP

¾&254f5=<?.54IUeEi09<NC&794;^A<N>G.w>GZ03254dCI>AUWM5<N.54;JwBL<N.5^AT?4€› EG.5JeUX@5T03<› 6525>G09>A.1B94;TN4;C;03<?>A.wC;>A797L4IBL6>A.8J5B

03>‚u™4gchjilkmh½‚R¹A¹8gmEi.5Jon

k

prq

¿#s»¿\’/t ua>A7vn k6k

p q

¿#s»¿\’/t uS‹vB94I4|H4IC€03<N>G.¼¹8`“’A€` ¾&254

B94;TN4;C;03<?>A.4lwYC;<N4I.8C;VQ•EGBX09254I."CuEiTNCI@8T Ei094IJEGBX09254m79Ei03<?>t>GZ&03284_.=@8UXM4;7X>GZg}k>A.\094—Â[EG79T?>

4;:G4I.\03BPEiCICI4;68034;J"EiZŒ034;7c09254eZv@5T?TsJ54;094IC;09>A7XBL<NUX@5TNEi03<?>A.aEG.5JEGTNTµEG.FEiT?V=B9<?BcC;@803BW09>k09254e09>G0DEGT

.{@5UXMO4I7b>GZz4;:A4;.\03BX^A4;.54I79Ei034;JQ]<0325<?.a0925<NB–682FEGB94YB965EGCI4e794I^G<N>A.…`P¾&254Y>AM803EG<N.84IJaB94;TN4IC€03<?>A.

4lwYC;<N4I.8C;Ve<NB•^G<?:A4;.m<N.e¾ EiM5TN4gH`‚gZv>A7µ4uEGCD2_>GZŽ03254j4;<N^A2\0zB9@5M8B94;09B&>GZ…09254–nq”cJFEx0DEW@5BL4IJ_<?.wUWV

EG.FEiT?V=B9<?BI`yxX¾&254cEu:A4;73EG^A4oBL4ITN4;C;09<N>A.—4lwYCI<?4I.5C€V_Q[EiB]Zv>G@5.5Jƒ03>PM4cA’=`Ã87m`

¾&254jC;79>ABLB•B94;C;09<N>A.e>GZ…03284g4u„…4f†‡žˆ‰ˆHŠ ‹vŠŽ6579>=CI4;B9Bo‹{z"|~}€

‚ƒ‚

k

sQ•EGBµ03254;.mJ54;094I7LUe<?.54IJYZv79>AU

03284j.{@5UXMO4I7[>GZqBL4IT?4IC;094IJƒJFEi03EW4;:G4I.\03B…„‡†

 p

‘=03254g.=@8UXM4;7•>GZK4œ˜86O4IC€034;J—M5EGC65{^A79>A@8.5Jƒ4;:A4;.\03B

„ˆŠ‰f‘q03284eBL4ITN4;C;09<N>A.h4lwYCI<?4I.5C€V`‹H‘KEG.8Jh09254e<?.\034I^G73Ei094IJhTN@5UY<N.5>GB9<?0/VŒj‘K@5B9<?.5^ƒ03254PZv>ATNT?>RQ]<N.5^

Zv>A7LUX@5T E'

z |}ŽC€

‚3ƒ‚

k 

„‡†

 p

‘

„‡ˆŠ‰

‹Œ

s ‹H`?‚R

¾&2541UY4uEGBL@5794;JaEG.5J4€˜H6O4IC€034IJhCI7L>AB9BgB94IC€03<?>A.5BoEG7L4WTN<?BL094IJt<?.t¾ EiM5TN4P=`?‚1Ei.5JaEG794WB925>RQ].

EGB&EWZv@8.5C;09<N>A.m>iZ t uo<?._Ÿ <?^A@5794jH`‚RE8`¾&25<?B“’F^A@57L4–EGT?B9>XBL25>RQ]Bd68794;:=<?>A@5B&nq”XUY4uEGBL@5794;Ue4;.{09B

6O4I7LZv>G79UY4IJK”–Q]<?092aJFEi0DE_C;>ATNT?4IC;094IJhEi0oT?>fQz4I7oC;4I.\034;7l›/>iZ ›/UeEGB9B–4;.54I7L^A<N4;BcEx0–03254PMO4I^A<?.5.5<N.8^m>GZ

03284cnqpsrµ’P6879>A^A79EGU–•‚fGº— `

¾>…˜{@FEG.\03<ZŒVj6O>AB9BL<NM5T?4J54;:=<NEi03<?>A.5BŽZv7L>AU 09254z|=0DEG.8JFEG79JW}k>=J54ITG4€˜H64;C;03Ei03<?>A.5BI‘x-ŽC;>AUY65@8034;J

™›šœžŸœŽ ›¡$œœ¢C£žŸ¤¦¥¢C ¨§Žžª©l¤<«¬Ÿ­¯®3§Ž°¢Cœ¢:¢ežŸ±¯°²§œ¡³œ¢›§Žœ´¢Cµ´Ž¢Cœ¢e¤²§¶§°¢:·¸§Ž·¹ e©¯ºŸºª¢ ¨§¢£³²»…§°¢U¼½¹¢e§¢C ›§©l´

¡´ŽžŸ¤±…­¾¯¾¯¿¸ÀÂÁ¯Ã¯ÃlÃ~·¸§Ä ÅÆ`­C¿l¾¶Ç<Á¸Ã¯¿“È~¢ŠÉU¬Ê¶°¢Ë ›©l´´Ž¢Cœµ$©l¤žŸ¤±:žŸ¤²§¢e±l´Ž·¸§¢Aºª¡ÌAžŸ¤©lœžª§žŸ¢Cœ¶·¸¤… ›¢e¤²§Ž¢e´ÀÍ©¯ÎyÀ

̹·¯œŽœ¶¢e¤¢C´±lžª¢œ"ÏТC´¢Ë±¯žŸÑ¯¢C¤fžŸ¤MÊ'·¯³ºª¢:«¬ª­¹ÒÓµ/¬/­C½²Á¯Ô›¬

ÕCʶ°¢Cœ¢:ÌA¢C·lœ¡´¢C̓¢C¤²§ŽœÏ"¢e´Ž¢Iµ¢e´ÎÖ©¯´ŽÌ“¢M¡œžª¤±‘·…œ·¯Ì“µºª¢:©¯Î×lÃlؓ¢ÙK¢¸ÚKÛÝÜ#ÞÜ3ßÒyß/Ô C·¸¤žà·¸§¢Cœœ¢Cºª¢ ¨§¢

žŸ¤‡¿¯¿…µ³4Ú4™I©¸ÎН·6§Ž·… ›©¯ºŸºŸ¢C ¨§Ž¢C¦³3»¦¼½f¡´Žžª¤±‡­C¾l¾lØ6ÀŽ­¾¯¾²áD·6§:Ä ÅDÆ⭁½¯ÃIÇ,­¿¯½…È~¢ŠÉ“¬~ʶ°¢U¢eÑl¢e¤²§~œ¢eºŸ¢C ›§žŸ©¯¤

žàœ¢œ e´žŸ³¢CMžŸ¤‡¢›§*·¸žŸºžŸ¤‡ã¢eÎÖ¢e´Ž¢e¤ e¢fäظ¿æ劬ç©6Ï"¢eÑl¢e´®è´Ž¢›ÀŠ¢eÑ6·¸ºŸ¡·6§Ž¢Cf§°¢D¢›é‘ ežª¢C¤ ›»MºŸ©lœŽœ¢œ¡¢D§©‘µ°©¸§©l¤

 ›©l¤3ѯ¢e´*œžª©l¤f¡œžŸ¤±…ÌU»fÌA¢C·lœ¡´¢C̓¢C¤²§Žœ©¯Î§°¢“ ›©¯¤3Ñl¢e´*œžŸ©¯¤£µ´Ž©¯³·¯³žªºŸžª§{»1ÒꜢC¢“¥3¢ ¨§žŸ©¯¤<«¬½¬×3Ô¨¬è¤‡·lžª§žŸ©¯¤/®è

¡œ¢CD§°¢¶ÌA©¯´Ž¢"µ´¢ ›žàœ¢"ë3ë3ì3íËl¤²§¢ï"·¸´Žºª©±¯¢C¤¢e´*·6§Ž©¯´#Ï°žŸ *°UÏ"·lœ#¤©¸§+·æÑ6·¸žŸºŸ·¯³ºŸ¢"·¸§'§Ž°¢"§žŸÌ“¢©¯Î§°¢©¯´Žžª±lžª¤·¯º

µ¡³ºªžà e·¸§žŸ©¯¤ð䪭æḿæåͬ芧~œ°©¯¡ºŸ¦³¢“¤©¸§Ž¢CM§Ž°·6§§°¢U´¢œ¡ºª§žŸ¤±£ ›©¯´Ž´Ž¢C ¨§Žžª©l¤œ©l¤¦§°¢UÌA¢C·¯œ¡´Ž¢C¦ e´©²œœœ¢ ¨§žŸ©¯¤$œ

Ï"¢e´Ž¢~¤©¸§œžŸ±¯¤žòñ$ C·¸¤²§ ›©l̓µ$·¸´Ž¢C¹§Ž©A§°¢:œ§Ž·¸§žàœ{§ŽžŸ C·¸º4µ´Ž¢C ežŸœžŸ©¯¤£©¸Î§Ž°¢Cœ¢IÌA¢C·lœ¡´Ž¢eÌA¢C¤l§*œe¬

(3)

t um‹o4 o ‹8‹Ž7P z"|}ŽC€

‚3ƒ‚

k ‹ 65M  z

}

‚ƒ‚

k ‹ 68M  zÐ|~}€

‚3ƒ‚

‹ 65M  z

}

‚3ƒ‚

‹ 68M 

‚uºAÀ G”8`“à ™#s“ºA¹ ¿#s‚RÀ ¿#s»¿\à ™5`»À\ ¹A¿#s‚¼’'s“à ¹8‚A`»¹

‚uÀ\’ A’H`»¹ ™#si™ ¿#sš™{ ¿#s»¿\à ™5`“A ¹A¿#sš™ ¹#s‚ ¹A¿8`»º

‚uÀA¹ A’H`š™ ™#sÃA’ ¿#s“’A ¿#s»¿\à ™5`“ÃGº ÃGÀ#s»¿ ”#s»¹ ÃGÀ8`»º

’i¿A¿ H‚A`»À ™#s“”Aº ¿#s“’A ¿#s»¿\à ™5`»”AÀ ÃGº#s“ ”#s“ ÃGº8`»º

’i¿\’ A’H`»” ™#sGº ¿#sš™A™ ¿#s»¿\à ™5`»”8‚ ¹G™Ks»º ¹#s»¿ ÃGº8`š™

’i¿\à A’H`»¿ ™#s’A’ ¿#s“’Gº ¿#s»¿G™ ™5`“’G¿ ÃGº#s‚ ”#s»À ÃAH`»º

’i¿\ A’H`»¿ ”'s“ÀAº ¿#s“’H‚ ¿#s»¿G™ ™5`‚R¹ ÃAÃ's»¿¼’'s»À ÃAH`“Ã

’i¿Aº H‚A`»º ™#s?‚RÀ ¿#s»ºA” ¿#s»¿G™ ™5`‚R” ÃGº#s‚,‚A‚8s“à ÃAH`“’

¾EGM5TN4kH`‚8~|H4IT?4IC€03<N>G.S4¯weC;<N4;.5C;VG‘&Ue4IEGB9@57L4IJEG.5J4€˜H64;C;094IJ¼CI7L>AB9BYB94;C;09<N>A.5BeEGBeE

Zv@5.5C€03<?>A.>GZ

t

uXZv>A7d0325414I„Ž4x†Ž‡žˆ‰ˆHŠ ‹vŠŽy6879>=CI4IBLB–<N.~092541652FEiB941B965EGCI417L4I^A<?>A.tJ54œ›

’F.54;JS<?.03254_034œ˜=0u`"¾&254 ’F79Bl0e@8.5CI4;7L0DEi<N.\0/V>A.Ýz"|}ŽC€

‚ƒ‚

k

<NB1BL03Ei03<?BL09<NCuEiT ‘+03284—BL4IC;>A.5J

BLV=Bl034IUeEi09<NCG`±¾&254tBl0DEi09<NBl03<NCIEGT]@5.5C;4I7L03EG<N.\0/V>A.09254~BL4IT?4IC;09<N>A.4lwYCI<?4I.5C€V<?Bw¿8`“’87

Zv>A7b4uEGCD2:GEiTN@54P>GZ£t uA`_¾&254e09254I>A7L4;09<NCuEiTµ@8.5CI4;7L0DEi<N.\0/Vh>A. z }

‚3ƒ‚

k

<NBY‚7 •š’i™—`_¾&254

TEiBL0[0/Qz>PCI>AT?@5Ue.8B•^A<:A4g09254–Ue4IEGB9@8794IJ—EG.8J_4€˜H64;C;094IJk:iEGT?@54IB•>GZq03254j4œ˜=0373Ei6>ATNEi034;J

CI7L>AB9BWB94IC€03<?>A.Zv>A7o03254m4 „ 4 † ‡¼ˆ‰ˆ ‹vŠŽb657L>HC;4IBLBI‘+Q]254;794m03284m4I7L79>A7c>A.âz |}ŽC€

‚ƒ‚

<?Bc03284

˜{@FEGJ579Ei03<?C–B9@5U>iZ09254oBL0DEx03<NBl03<?CuEGTŽEG.5J—BLV=BL094IUeEi03<?Cb@8.5CI4;7L0DEi<N.\03<?4IBI`

03284g73Ex03<N>GBz>GZŽ03254jUY4uEiB9@57L4IJ_EG.8Jm65794;J5<NC€034;JmCI7L>AB9B[BL4IC€03<N>G.5B&Ei0z4uEGCD2_C;4I.\034;7l› >GZ›/UeEGB9Bz4I.54;79^GV

EGB]B928>fQ].k<N.ƒŸ <?^A@57L4bH`?‚IM…`¡y:G4I73Ei^A<N.5^Y>R:A4;7]09254o4I<?^A2\0]Ue4IEGB9@57L4IUY4I.\03B]V=<N4;TNJ54;J

 z |~}€

‚ƒ‚

k

z

}

‚ƒ‚

k



¿#s»ÀAº\ ¿'s“¿\’G’d‹uL ¿#s“¿H‚R¿d‹Žu"!KuL¿#s»¿8‚R¿d‹#%$'&)(+*,!8 -

B928>fQ]<?.5^hEt^A>=>HJ"EG^G794I4;Ue4;.\0PM4€0/Q•4;4I.S09254_JFEi03EEG.5J03284—|=0DEG.8JFEG79JS}k>=J54;T[65794;J5<NC€03<?>A.5BI`

¾&25<?Bc7L4IB9@8T?0WEGTNBL>kBL25>RQ•4;J032FEi0oQ]25<?TN4103284e03>i0DEGT4;7979>G7bQ•EGBbJ5>AUY<N.FEi094IJhM\Vh09254YBL0DEx03<NBl03<?CuEGT

4I7L79>A7LBI‘{03254yBLV=BL094IUeEi03<?CgEi.5Je09254I>A7L4;09<NCuEiTO@8.5CI4;7L0DEi<N.\03<?4IBµCI>A@5T?Jw.5>i0zMO4g.84I^AT?4IC;094IJ…`¾&284d09>G0DEGT

BLV=Bl034IUeEi09<NCa@5.5C;4I7L03EG<N.\0/V >A. 03284UY4uEGBL@5794;J C;79>ABLBkBL4IC€03<N>G.5B—Q•EGB—4IBl03<NUeEi094IJ¼03>M4"‚A`‚7

Zv>A7_4IEGCD2 :iEGT?@54>GZ

t

uEG.5J Q•EGB~EiB9B9@8Ue4;J±09>SMO4hEGTNUY>ABL0wZv@5TNTV CI>G79794;TEi094IJ MO4;0/Qz4I4I. EGTNT

UY4uEGBL@5794;Ue4;.{09BI`y¾&254XB9>G@579C;4IB–>GZBlV=BL034;UwEx03<NCc4I7L79>A7LByQ]<NT?TqM4cJ54IBLCI79<?M4;JEi0y03254c4I.5J>GZ 0325<?B

B94;C;09<N>A.…`&¾&284c03284I>A7L4;03<?CuEGTq@5.8CI4I7l0DEG<?.\0/Vk>G.k03284W657L4IJ5<?C;034;J~C;79>ABLBjB94;C;03<?>A.kQ•EGBy4IBL09<NUeEi034;J—09>

MO4Y‚70•š’i™—KEGB&J5<?B9C;@5B9BL4IJt<?.~|=4IC;09<N>A.k’H`“’H`»”8`

¾&254WUY4uEiB9@57L4IJ~4 „ 4 † ‡žˆ‰ˆHŠ ‹ŒŠ…&CI7L>AB9ByB94;C;03<?>A.—CuEG.—03254;.tM4b4€˜=0973EG6O>ATEx034IJƒ03>P03284b09>G0DEGT

(4)

e + e → νν _ ( γ ) N ν = 4

N ν = 2

e + e → νν _ γ ( γ )

s (GeV)

Cross Section (nb)

Thesis

Previous measurements SM prediction (KKMC)

LEP1-LEP2

a)

10 -2 10

-1

1 10

100 120 140 160 180 200

s (GeV) σ meas / σ SM

Thesis

b)

0.8 1 1.2

190 195 200 205 210

Ÿ <?^A@5794_H`?‚mE\X•7L>AB9BPBL4IC;09<N>A.8B1>GZy09254_4 „ 4 † ‡žˆ‰ˆ ‹vŠŽWEi.5J"4 „ 4 † ‡'ˆ‰ˆHŠ+‹ŒŠŽW6579>i›

CI4;B9BL4IBcEGBoEmZv@5.5C;09<N>A.>iZ…t uG`X¾&2541CI7L>AB9BoBL4IC;09<N>A.a>GZµ032841TEi0L034I7g6579>=CI4;B9Bo794€Zv4I79Bj09>

03284ð5{<?.54IUeEi03<?C1794;^A<N>A.aJ54¯’F.54;J<N.092541034€˜=0I`e¾&254PZv@5T?T+TN<?.541794;65794;B94I.\09Bc03284P09254I>x›

794€03<?CuEGTO65794;J5<NC€03<?>A.›;/;4=K>bZv>A7“„

‚ 

”XEG.5Je03254jJ5EGB9254;J_TN<?.54IBzEG794g65794;J5<NC€03<N>G.5BµZv>G7

„ ‚ 

’PEG.5J—™5‘ EGB]<N.8J5<NCIEi034;J…`sM [¾&254c79Ei03<?>P>GZ09254bUe4IEGB9@57L4IJkEG.5Jƒ03254W|=03EG.5JFEG7LJ

}k>=J54IT 68794IJ8<NC;094IJ—CI7L>AB9B]B94;C;09<N>A.5BdEGBdEXZv@5.5C€03<?>A._>GZ t uA‘5Q]254I7L4–03254o4I7L79>A7&M5EG79BdEG7L4

03284~CI>GUXM5<N.84IJBl0DEi09<NBl03<NCIEGT]EG.5JBLV=BL094IUeEi03<?Ck@5.8CI4I7l0DEG<?.\03<N4;BI` ¾&254kB92FEGJ84IJ¼794;^A<N>G.

794;65794;B94;.{09By09254–03254;>A794€03<NCIEGT…@5.8CI4I7l0DEG<?.\0/Vƒ>GZ•‚7 •»’x™$—`

(5)

CI7L>AB9BdB94;C;09<N>A.ƒ>GZK03254o.54;@8037L<N.5>Y6FEG<?7l› 6579>=J5@5C€03<N>G.m6579>=CI4;B9Bl

z

|}ŽC€

‚3ƒ‚

 z

|}ŽC€

‚3ƒ‚

k

z

}

‚3ƒ‚

z

}

‚3ƒ‚

k - ‹H`’G

Q]254;794<z }

‚ƒ‚

<?B•03254–68794IJ8<NC;094IJ—CI7L>AB9B]B94;C;09<N>A.ƒ>GZq03284–4 „ 4 † ‡'ˆ‰ˆ ‹vŠŽ•6579>=CI4;B9B;‘F>AM80DEi<N.54;J_@5B9<?.5^

03284;/;4=K>ƒ657L>A^A73EiUk`]¾&254X7L4IBL@5T?09Bj>GZ+0925<NBy4€˜=0379EG6>GTEi09<N>A.kEG794WEGTNBL>wT?<NBL094IJk<N.~¾EGM5T?4X=`?‚1Ei.5J

B928>fQ].EGBYEtZv@5.5C;09<N>A.">GZ<t u—<N.Ÿ <N^G@5794ƒ=`?‚REH‘µQ]25<?CD2EiTNB9>aBL25>RQ]Be7L4IB9@8T?03B1Zv7L>AU657L4;:=<N>G@5B

UY4uEGBL@5794;Ue4;.{09BdEi0ynKpsr&‚ •¢‚fiÀ—gEG.8J~Ei0&09254oM4;^A<N.8.5<N.5^1>iZ+nqpsrµ’•‚fGº$—`

Ð2&l # M+$&

¾&254X094I79U y<?Bj^A4I.84I73EiTNT?Vƒ03E5G4;.EiBjB9<?^A.5<?ZŒV=<?.5^_EG.\Vk4I797L>A7–.5>G0jJ5@54W09>_BL0DEf›

03<?BL09<NCuEiTF@5C;09@FEi09<N>A.5BY<N."03284kJFEx0DEB9EGUY65TN4ƒ@5.5J84I7wBl03@5JHV •‚RºA¿— `¼¾&284I794€Zv>A794i‘[03254k794;TEi09<?:A4

BL03Ei03<?BL09<NCuEiT[EG.5JBlV=BL034;UwEx03<NC_4;797L>A79B1>A.09254_Ue4IEGB9@8794IJ"4 „ 4 † ‡žˆ‰ˆHŠ ‹vŠŽcC;79>ABLBPB94IC€03<?>A. ‹ B94;4

pI˜{@FEi03<?>A.kH`‚f•CuEG.—MO4b65EG73EGUY4;0979< I4IJ—EGB

! €p p

z

|}ŽC€

‚3ƒ‚

k  t

„†

 p

„‡†

 p

‘

„ˆŠ‰

‹H`“”A

!

€#"æ€

p

z

|}ŽC€

‚3ƒ‚

k  $%%

& ' ! ‹

‹)(

”+*

' ! Œ

Œ,(

”-*

' ! „ˆŠ‰

„‡†

 p

¹

„‡ˆŠ‰.(

” - ‹H`»™\

Q]254;794o03254o03257L4I4–034;79UYBdEG79<?B94–Zv79>AUBLV=BL094IUeEi03<?Cb4;797L>A79B]>A.ƒ03254bB94;TN4;C;03<?>A.ƒ4lwYCI<?4I.5C€V

!

‹=‘503284

<N.\094I^A79Ei034;J~TN@8Ue<?.5>AB9<0/V

!

Œj‘EG.5Jk09254WM5EGC65{^A79>A@8.5JCI>A.\03EGUe<?.FEi09<N>A.

!

„ˆŠ‰f`0/•4IT?>RQ)-&6579>R:=<NJ84

E1J54;03EG<NT?4IJƒJ54;B9CI7L<N6809<N>A.ƒ>GZK03284bUeEG<?._B9>A@57LCI4;By>GZK03284IB94bBLV=Bl034IUeEi09<NCo4I7L79>A7LBI`

1

22+/ .3â4254

-/. |H4;C;03<?>A. ¹8`»”8`“’h-PJ54;094I7LUe<?.54IJ092546/87 037L<N^A^G4I7w4¯wYCI<N4;.5C;V

@5BL<N.5^aEB3EiUe65T?4m>GZdB9<?.5^AT?4€›/4;TN4;C;037L>A.4€:A4I.\09BYZv7L>AU 09254_73EGJ8< Ei09<?:A4/•2FEGM82FEB9CuEx09034;79<?.5^a6579>i›

CI4;B9B;‘…4u„…4f†‡ 4u„…4x†5Š+‹ŒŠŽ€`g¾&284XCI>A7L794;B96O>A.5J5<?.5^m4I7L79>A7y>A.~09254WBL4ITN4;C;09<N>A.t4¯wYCI<N4;.5C;V—Q•EGBg03284I.

4IBl03<?UwEi094IJ—03>mMO4_‹

!

‹9‹G

p;:<

‰ 

¿#s»¹47m‘UeEG<?.5T?V_J8@54c09>w03254cTN<?Ue<034IJƒBl0DEi09<NBL09<NC;Bg>GZ+09254WBL<N.5^GTN4€›

4IT?4IC€0379>G.bB9EGUY65TN4i`K¾&28<NBq4IBl03<NUeEi094 Q[EiBKZv@57l03254;7 CI>A.'’F79UY4IJbM\VoEG.o<N.5J84I6O4I.5J54;.\0 UY4uEGBL@5794;Ue4;.\0

>GZK03254–0979<N^G^A4I7[4¯wYCI<N4;.5C;V_092FEi0d-•6O4I7lZv>A79UY4IJƒ@5BL<N.5^PMFEiC65\› 03>i›MFEGC65/z2FEGM52FEP4;:G4I.\03B;`

=Cʶ°¢I¼?>A@­~̓¢·¯œ¡´Ž¢eÌA¢e¤²§Žœ"Ï"¢e´Ž¢µ¢e´ÎÖ©¯´ŽÌA¢Cf¡œžŸ¤±£­CÃlÃDµ³/Ú4™©¸ÎK·6§*·U e©¯ºŸºª¢ ¨§¢f¡´žŸ¤±£­C¾l¾­›À*­C¾l¾¸×:·¸§

Ä ÅÆ-¿¯¾BØÇ ¾¯½B¿AÈ~¢Íɓ¬

(6)

1% !8/&3{Ð 4 -/.a|H4IC€03<?>A.¹8`»”8`š™e-&UY4uEGBL@5794;J~03284W73Ex034b>GZ6525>i03>A.tC;>A.\:A4;79B9<?>A.

<N. 09254J54IEGJ UwEi094I7L<EGT]<N. Zv7L>A.\0_>GZo03284CI4I.\0973EGTg0973EGC65i4I7ƒ@5BL<N.5^B9EGUe68TN4IBw>GZb4;:A4;.\03BƒZv79>AU

03284—4 „ 4 † ‡Š Š ‹vMFEG797L4ITWEG.5J4 „ 4 † ‡žˆ‰ˆHŠ ‹v4I.5J5CIEG65B3P657L>HC;4IBLB94IB;`¾&254ƒ657L4IC;<NB9<?>A.">GZd0325<?B

UY4uEGBL@5794;Ue4;.{0eQ[EiBmTN<?Ue<034IJ"M\VBL03Ei03<?BL03<?CIBe>GZj03284IB94~CI>A.\037L>ATdB3EGUY65TN4;BI‘]EG.8J03254k794;B9@5T03<N.8^

4I7L79>A7c>A.09254mB94;TN4;C;03<?>A.4¯weC;<N4;.5C;VQ[EGBc03254;.4IBL09<NUeEi034;J09>tM4‹

! ‹ 9‹A



¿#s“Ã87m`t¾&25<?B

4IBl03<?UwEi094jQ[EiB]Zv>G@5.5Jƒ03>PM4oC;>A.5B9<?BL094I.\0yQ]<032ƒ657L4;:=<N>A@8BdBl03@5J8<N4IB]>GZK0328<NB&44IC€0 •‚f’G¿=‘ ‚fA× `

Ð 1#{ ¶ 2 4

¾K>w4IBl03<?UwEi094b09254bBLV=BL094IUeEi03<?CW@5.5C;4I7l0DEG<?.{0/V—J5@84c03>eUe>=JH›

4IT?TN<?.5^W>GZ 09254–4u„4x†Ž‡žˆ‰ˆHŠ ‹vŠŽz657L>HC;4IBLBI‘F-sJ54;094I7LUe<?.54IJm09254–4lwYCI<?4I.5C€Vm>GZKUWVe4;:G4I.\0dB94;TN4IC€03<?>A.

@5BL<N.5^~0/Qz><N.8J54I6O4I.5J84I.\0e}k>A.\034_Â[EG79T?>~657L>A^A73EiUeB;‘~;/;/=#>hEG.5JO`¡gBWJ5<NBLCI@5BLB94IJ"<?.

¡g6864;.5J5<˜S¡c‘µ09254IBL4t6579>G^A73EGUYBY4IUY65TN>RVJ5<4I7L4I.\0_EiTN^A>A7L<?0925UeBX09>BL<NUX@5TNEi034—25<?^A254I7Á›/>A7LJ54I7

p $CI>A7L794;C;03<?>A.5B;`[-/.~6FEi7L03<?CI@5TNEG7I‘509254<;;4=#>_^A4I.84I73Ex03>A7d65794;J5<NC€03BgEY25<?^A254;7y657L>AMFEGM8<NTN<0/VeZv>G7

03284g4IUY<NBLB9<?>A.w>GZ EGJ5J5<03<N>G.FEGTF-l|! 6525>G09>A.5BµQ]<?032v’F.5<?094G‘=J54;094IC€0DEGM5T?4y0973EG.5Bl:A4;79B94–UY>AUY4I.\03@8Uk`

|H<?.5CI4d- 7L4"L4IC€034;Jm4;:G4I.\03B•Q]<032YB9<?^A.5<ê’5CuEG.\0µ4I.54;79^GVYJ54;6>GB9<?09<N>A.8B<N.P03254]Zv>A7LQ•EG7LJwCuEiTN>A7L<NUY4;034;79B

‹BL4I4W|H4IC€03<?>A.~¹H`“”8`»”\œ‘803254cEu:A4;73EG^A4bB94;TN4;C;03<?>A.ƒ4lwYCI<?4I.5C€V_Q[EiBdZv>A@8.5J—09>eMO4oB9T?<N^A2\03TVwT?>RQ•4;7]Zv>G7

;/;4=K>X092FEG.wZv>A7#$$"h‹

q&%'%)(+*



G’'sÃx™¿#s»¿AÀ47½EG.5J h݋

q&,'-','-.0/1



A’'s»À8‚ ¿#s»¿\87m`

-03E5G4s03284z>AMH0DEG<?.54IJb794;TEi09<?:A4J8<4I794;.5CI4µ<N.o4¯weC;<N4;.5C;VcEGB 03284zBlVHBl034;UwEi09<NCs@5.5C;4I7l0DEG<?.{0/VoJ8@54µ09>

}k>A.\094WÂ[Ei79TN>1UY>=J54IT?TN<N.8^Kz‹

! ‹ 9‹A3254



¿#s“Ã87m`s¾&25<NB&4;BL03<?UwEx034gQ•EGB[Zv>A@5.8Jƒ09>PM4–C;>A.5B9<?BL094I.\0

Q]<?092ƒ794IBL@5T?09B]>GZ+EPB9<?Ue<?T EG7µBL09@5J8Vƒ6O4I7lZv>A79UY4IJƒM\Vm03284 7–rO¡jnC;>ATNTNEGM>G73Ei09<N>A. •¢‚RºH‚l—`

Ð 6K7 &l # &l 4&4

¾&254WBl0DEi09<NBL09<NCIEGT…4I7L79>A7]>A.ƒ03284bBL4IT?4IC;09<N>A.—4lwYC;<N4I.8C;VƒCuEi.~MO4

CuEiTNCI@8T Ei094IJmEiB98 ‹

;:

‹8‹l‚



‹G 9²„<‰

}

=‘HQ]254;794¦„<‰

}

b<NBµ03254y.=@8UXM4;7•>GZ}—>A.\034oÂ[EG7LTN>c4;:A4;.\03B

^A4;.54I79Ei034;JƒQ]<0325<?.w03284¦5=<?.54IUeEi09<NCg7L4I^A<?>A.m>GZKUWVeB9<?.5^AT?4€›sEi.5JƒUX@5T?09<› 6525>G09>A.eBL4IT?4IC;09<N>A.Ž`¾&254

CI>G79794;B96O>A.5J5<?.5^_BLV=Bl034IUeEi09<NC1@5.5C;4I7l0DEG<?.{0/VkQ[EiBj03254;.hJ84;034;79UY<N.54;Jt03>_MO4—‹ ! ‹9‹G

254

€ p p 

¿#s“”87_`

- 0BL25>A@5T?J1M4&.5>i034IJX092FEi0+0925<NB @5.5CI4;7L03EG<N.\0/VXQ•EGB@5.5C;>A797L4ITNEi034;J1M4€0/Q•4;4I.P03254&4;<N^A2\0JFEx0DEjB94€03B;`

%'.1/=<æ&3%>I`&²{' 4

¾&254o6528>G03>A._CIEG.5J5<?JFEi094IB[Qz4I794o7L4²˜{@5<N7L4IJ_03>165EGB9BdEXB94€0]>GZ

CI@H03B•M5EGB94;Jw>A.Y03254dB925>RQz4I7[6879>’FT?4]Ue4IEGB9@57L4IJe<N.P03254 /87,CuEGT?>A79<?Ue4€034I7;`¾&284y6O4I7lZv>A79UeEG.5C;4

>GZ–0925<NBeB925>RQz4I7l› B92FEi64BL4ITN4;C;09<N>A.Q•EGB_Bl03@5J5<?4IJ <?. |H4;C;03<?>A.¼¹8`»”8`‚t@5BL<N.5^TNEG79^G4kB9EGUe68TN4IBe>GZ

B9<?.5^AT?4€›/4;TN4;C;037L>A.SEG.5J MFEiC65\› 03>i› MFEGC65 /•2FEiM52FE4€:A4I.\09B_EG.5J C;79>ABLBmCD254;C65G4IJ @5BL<N.5^ECI>G.{0979>AT

B3EiUe65T?4_>GZjJ8<›/6825>G03>G.4;:A4;.\03BI‘&4

„ 4 †

‡Š Š ‹vŠŽ€` /zVC;>AUY6FEG79<?.5^t03284k4¯weC;<N4;.5CI<?4IBP>AM803EG<N.54;J

Q]<?09203254;B94ƒ<N.5J84I6O4I.5J54;.\0eB9EGUY65TN4;BPEG.5J"M\V:iEG7LV=<N.8^t03254ƒB928>fQz4I7Á›/BL2FEG6O4kC;@803BPEG7L>A@5.5J"03284

.5>AUY<N.5EGT8:iEGTN@84IBI‘=-+4;BL03<?UwEx034IJP03284gEGBLB9>=CI<NEi034;JwBLV=Bl034IUeEi09<NCd@5.5CI4;7L03EG<N.\0/VP03>bM4W‹ ! ‹9‹G



(7)

¿#s»”47m` ¾&25<?B4IBl03<NUeEi094•Q[EiBzEiTNB9>–C;>A.#’F7LUe4;JPM{V1Ej65794€:H<?>A@5BsBL09@5J8V1>iZŽEjBL<NUY<NTNEG7BL25>RQ•4;7l› B92FEG6O4

B94;TN4;C;03<?>A.c•»Ãiº$— `

2+ { 4 ¾&254oMFEGC65{^A79>G@5.5J—CI>A.\0DEiUe<?.FEi03<?>A.wZv7L>AU!>i03254;7d|=0DEG.8JFEG79Jk}k>=J54;T

657L>HC;4IB9BL4IB1Q•EGB1J5>AUY<N.FEx034IJM\V03284_73EGJ5<NEi03<:A4 /•2FEGM82FEt4;:G4I.\03B;`|H@5CD2"4€:A4I.\09BPQz4I7L4ƒ4ITN<?Ue<¢›

.FEi094IJe@5B9<?.5^WEoB94€0•>iZŽ:A4€03>cCI@809Bz>A.eEGC€03<?:=<0/V1<N.103284dZv>A7lQ[Ei79JYCuEGT?>A79<?Ue4€034I7LBI`¡gBµJ54IBLCI79<?M4;Jw<?.

|H4;C;03<?>A.m¹H`“”8`»”8‘{03254]:A4€03>X4¯wYCI<N4;.5C;VYQ•EGB•Bl03@5J5<?4IJm@8B9<N.8^XEcC;>A.\037L>AT B3EGUY65TN4d>GZŽB9<N.8^ATN4œ›/4IT?4IC€0379>G.

4;:G4I.\03BdEG.8JwQ[EiB[Zv>A@5.5Jw09>XMO4j<N.e^A>H>=J_EG^G794I4;Ue4;.\0•Q]<?092m657L4IJ5<?C;03<?>A.5Bz>GZ 03254gJ54;094IC;09>A7[BL<NUX@H›

T Ex03<N>G.…`q¾&254&BL03Ei03<?BL03<?CuEGT=657L4ICI<?B9<?>A.1>GZ 0325<?B UY4uEGBL@5794;Ue4;.\0Q[EGB+09254I.10973EG.5BLT Ei094IJ1<?.{09>–EG.14;7979>G7

>A.032841.=@8UXM4;7o>GZµ4€˜H64;C;094IJM5EGC65{^A79>A@8.5J4€:A4;.{09BI‘

!

„‡ˆŠ‰



”m4€:A4I.\09BI`P¡gJ5J8<?03<?>A.FEGTCI>A.\0979<›

M5@809<N>A.8BgCuEiUe4oZv79>AU09254c09254I>A7L4;09<NCuEiT@5.8CI4I7l0DEG<?.\0/Vk>G.~03254W4 „ 4 † ‡ž4 „ 4 † Š+‹ŒŠŽdCI7L>AB9BgB94IC€03<?>A.

‹ Ã7)Zv>A703254 c^A4I.54;73Ei09>A7‘•‚R¹Aº$—  EG.8JPZv7L>AU @5.5CI4;7L03EG<N.\03<?4IBJ5@84[03>–TN<?Ue<034;J1}k>A.\094dÂ[EG79T?>

BL03Ei03<?BL09<NCIB;`t•>GUXM5<N.8<N.5^—03254wEGM>R:G4m4I7L79>A7cB9>A@57LCI4;BI‘-–4IBl03<?UwEi094IJ092FEi0c03254e@5.5CI4;7L03EG<N.\0/V>A.

03284WTN4€:A4;T>GZ MFEGC65{^A7L>A@5.5JC;>A.\0379<?M5@8094IJtEiM>A@H0j¿8`“’87!09>e03284c03>i0DEGTqBLV=Bl034IUeEi09<NCb4I797L>A7d>A.~03284

UY4uEGBL@5794;JkC;79>ABLByBL4IC;09<N>A.8BI`

â&3 ¸254 ¾&254wBlVHBl034;UwEi09<NCe4I797L>A7b>A.09254w<?.{094I^A79Ei034;JT?@5Ue<?.5>ABL<?0/V~Q•EGBX4;BL09<NUeEi034;J

03>MO4ƒEGMO>A@80 ! Œ 9$Œ



¿#s“’87 •¢‚uº\’—`-01Q•EGBPJ5>AUY<N.FEx034IJM{V03254_09254I>A7L4;09<NCuEiT•@5.5C;4I7l0DEG<?.{0/V

>A.a03254eEGC;CI4I6H034IJ /•2FEGM525EkCI7L>AB9BcB94;C;03<?>A.…‘KM\V03254Y@5.5C;4I7L03EG<N.\0/VhJ5@54P03>ƒ03284eBL4ITN4;C;09<N>A.6579>i›

CI4;J5@57L4G‘&EG.8JM\V03254ƒ^A4;>AUY4;037L<NCIEGT[@5.5C;4I7l0DEG<?.{09<N4;Be<?."09254—6>ABL<?09<N>A."EG.8J EGT?<N^A.5UY4I.\01>iZg03284

TN@8Ue<?.5>AB9<0/VtJ54€034;C;03>G79B_‹vB94;4_|H4;C;03<?>A.™8`’H`»º\œ`m¾&254I7L4;Zv>A7L4G‘ 09254wBlV=BL034;UwEx03<NCY4I7L79>A7b>A.h03254Y<N.H›

034;^A73Ex034IJT?@5UY<N.5>ABL<?0/V_Q•EGBj037L4uEi094IJaEGBgCI>AUYUe>G.~03>_EiTNTK4I<N^G2{0gJFEi03EmB94;09Bj032FEx0–-]@5B94;Jh<?.tUWV

UY4uEGBL@5794;Ue4;.{09B•¢‚RºA’— `

+ 4 / 2+ 4 254

¡y.t<N.8CI>A7L794IC€0jJ54;B9C;79<N6H03<N>G.t>GZ03284X^A4I>GUe4€037LV—>GZ09254 /87

CuEiTN>A7L<NUY4;034;7PUe<?^A2\0wT?4uEGJ03>EBlV=BL034;UwEx03<NCkUe<?B9UY4uEGBL@5794;Ue4;.\0m>GZj09254t6O>ATEi7wEG.8^ATN4—>GZ–03284

6525>i03>A.…‘Q]25<?CD2"<N.03@879."Ue<?^A2\0PE4IC€0103254_C;79>ABLB1B94IC€03<?>A."Ue4IEGB9@57L4IUY4I.\0u`¾&254_J5<4I7L4I.5C;4

>GZs03284YJ84l’F.5<03<?>A.t>GZµ0325416O>ATNEG7jEG.8^ATN4XMO4;0/Qz4I4;.JFEx0DE_EG.5J}k>G.{094eÂ[EG79T?>mQ[EGBjZv>G@5.5J03>ƒMO4

TN4;B9B10325EG.¿8`?‚ g •‚RºA”— ‘µ0373Ei.5B9TNEi03<?.5^~03>hEaBLV=BL094IUeEi03<?C_4I7L79>A7P>GZg¿8`“’87>A.UWVCI79>GB9BYB94IC€03<?>A.

UY4uEGBL@5794;Ue4;.{09BI`

+ 4 /f8# 4

¡gBK-ŽJ84IB9C;79<?M4;JW<N.W•2FEG6H034I7 ÃH‘f03254 /87SCuEiTN>A7L<NUY4;034;7ŽQ•EGB

EGC;CI@579Ei034;T?VYCuEGT?<NM579Ei034;Jw@5BL<N.5^c032545!dŸ CuEGT?<NM579Ei03<?>A.PBLV=BL094IU—`µ¾&284 /87)4;.54I7L^GVe794IBL>ATN@H03<N>G.

Q•EGBqJ54;094I79UY<N.84IJjQ]<?092bE[794ITNEi03<:A4+68794IC;<NBL<N>A.o>GZHEGMO>A@80‚RÃ87$‹vB94I4z|H4;C;09<N>A.bÃH`»¹8`»”\€`K¾&2544;7979>G7 >A.

(8)

03284 /87 4;.54I7L^GVXBLCuEGT?4•Q[EiB+4IBl03<NUeEi094IJ1M\VXC;>AUe65EG79<?.5^y09254[794;CI>A.8BL037L@5C;094IJYUwEiB9B94;B>GZF03284

EG.5JeUY4IBL>A.5B•Q]<032w09254I<?7z.5>GUe<?.FEGTF:iEGTN@54;B–‹vB94I4jŸ <N^A@8794–Ã=`’H‚RµEG.8JmM\VwBl03@5J8V=<?.5^X03254g44IC;09B

>GZ03254 /87 EG^A<?.5^YEG.5Jk.5>A.H› TN<N.84uEG7L<?0/Vt‹B94;4c¡y656O4I.5J5<¢˜~Â&€` ¾&254b794;B9@5T03<N.8^e@5.8CI4I7l0DEG<?.\0/Vƒ>A.

03284k6528>G03>A.S4I.54;79^GVBLCuEGT?4ƒQ•EGBYZv>A@5.5J03>hM4—TN4;B9BP032FEG.¿8`“Ã87m` -W03284I.S:iEG7L<N4;J09254 /87

4I.84I79^iV"B9CuEiTN4—EG.5J794;B9>AT?@803<?>A.Q]<?0925<N.03284I<N714;797L>A79BYJ5@57L<N.5^03284—J84;034;C;09>A7eBL<NUX@8T Ei09<N>A.Ei.5J

EGBLB9<N^G.54IJ03284X>AM5BL4I7L:G4IJB925<ZŒ0–<N.~092541B94;TN4;C;03<?>A.4lwYC;<N4I.8C;Vt09>m032541BlVHBl034;UwEi09<NCX4;797L>A7jJ5@54X09>

03284bCIEGTN>G79<NUY4;094I7zCuEGT?<NM579Ei03<?>A.¶&‹

!

‹9‹G



<ˆ 

¿#s‚7m`

Ð&â 8Ð 'â# {Ð 4

¡yBeJ54;B9C;79<NMO4IJS<N.S|H4;C;03<?>A.S¹8`“”H`ÃH‘s03284kC;>AB9UY<NC_79ERVMFEGC65A›

^A7L>A@5.5J¼Q•EGBkBl03@5J8<N4IJ @5BL<N.5^ECI>G.{0979>AT–B9EGUY65TN4t>iZW>A@H0L›/>iZ › 03<?Ue4—CI>GB9UY<NC4;:G4I.\03B~EG.5J¼Q•EGB

4€˜H6O4IC€034IJ¼09>CI>G.{0979<?M5@8034k>A.5TVEGM>G@80m” ‚~4€:A4I.\09Bm03>09254~BL4ITN4;C;094IJ¼B9<?.5^AT?4€›WEG.5J UW@5T?09<›

6525>i03>A.aB3EiUe65T?4G`o-yEGTNBL>m03>=>85k<?.\03>ƒEGC;CI>A@5.\0–092541@5.5C;4I7L03EG<N.\0/V>G.t0325414¯weC;<N4;.5C;V>iZµ09254Pnq”

B9C;<N.\03<?TNTNEi03>A7dBLV=Bl034IU Q]28<NCD2aQ[EGBoUY4uEGBL@5794;Jh09>ƒE_65794;CI<NBL<N>A.a>GZzEGMO>A@80b¿H`“¿\Ã7'@5BL<N.5^ƒCI>G.{0979>AT

B3EiUe65T?4IBµ>GZ /•25EGM52FEXEi.5JmJ5<¢›/6525>i03>A.e4;:A4;.\03BI`z•>AUWM5<N.5<?.5^o03254;B94g0/Qz>14I7L79>A7µB9>A@879CI4;B[^\Eu:A4jEG.

EGJ5J8<?03<?>A.FEGTBLV=BL094IUeEi03<?C–4I7L79>A7]>GZ EGMO>A@80d¿8`‚7Ä>G.—09254oCI79>GB9B]B94;C;03<?>A.—Ue4IEGB9@57L4IUY4I.\0u`

/ 3' 3S&²4 ¾&254a.5>A<?B94<N. :iEG7L<N>A@8BmB9@5MOJ54€034IC€03>A7LB—Q•EGBƒBL09@5J5<?4IJ±@5B9<?.5^"4;:A4;.\03B

73Ei.5J5>AUYT?V037L<N^A^A4;794;J Ex0_03254aMO4uEGU C;79>ABLB9<?.5^09<NUY4"‹BL4I4|H4;C;03<?>A. ¹8`“”H`Aœ`¾&254h794;B9@5T03<N.8^

4lwYC;<N4I.8C;V¼T?>AB9BwQ•EGBƒ4IBl03<?UwEi094IJ 09>M4aEGMO>A@80t‚A`“À87_‘yEG.5J¼09254h}k>A.\034Â[EG7LTN>68794IJ8<NC;09<N>A.8B

Qz4I794gB9CuEiTN4IJmEGCIC;>A79J5<?.5^ATVA`+¾&254yBL03Ei03<?BL03<?CuEGT 4;7979>G7•>A.w0925<NBµCI>G79794;C;09<N>A.wZ EiC;03>G7j‹vB94I4g¾ EGM8TN4y¹8`»™\

J5<?794IC€03TV0973EG.5BLTEi094IJ"<N.\09>aEtBLV=BL094IUeEi03<?C_4I797L>A71>A.09254ƒB94IT?4IC€03<N>G.4lwYCI<?4I.5C€VA‘g‹

! ‹ 9‹A' <

€}



¿#s‚7m`

¾&254&BLV=Bl034IUeEi09<NC•4;797L>A79B+>G.X03254[UY4uEiB9@57L4IJ1CI7L>AB9B B94IC€03<?>A.5BEG7L4[B9@8UeUeEG79< I4;JW<N.W¾ EGM8TN4&=`’H`

¡gJ8J5<N.5^mEGTNTKCI>A.\0979<NM8@803<?>A.5Bg<?. ˜{@FEGJ579Ei03@8794G‘Ž-d>GM80DEG<?.54IJtEe03>G03EGTKBLV=BL094IUeEi03<?CX4I7L79>A7j>iZ]‚A`?‚7_`

¡gBK-ŽJ8<NB9C;@5B9BL4IJX<?.c|H4IC€03<N>G.W¹8`‚A‘f03254sB9EGUe4z}k>G.{094[Â[Ei79TN>]UY>HJ84ITNBqEi.5JcCIEGTN<?M573Ex03<N>G.–6579>=CI4;J5@5794;B

Qz4I794d@5BL4IJw092579>A@8^A25>A@80µUWV1EG.FEGTVHBL<NB;` ¾&254;794;Zv>G794G‘=-EGBLB9@5UY4IJeEGT?T5BLV=BL094IUeEi03<?Cy@8.5CI4;7L0DEi<N.\03<?4IBI‘

4€˜HC;4I680092FEi0+Zv7L>AU }k>A.\034]Â[Ei79TN>gBL0DEx03<NBl03<?CIBI‘i03>jMO4•Zv@5T?T?VoCI>G79794;TEi094IJWQ]284I.PCI>AUWM5<N.5<?.5^g7L4IBL@5T?09B

>AM803EG<N.84IJ—Ei0]J5< Ž4;794I.\0dCI4;.\034I7Á›/>GZ› UwEiB9B]4I.54;79^A<?4IB;`

(9)

|H>A@57LCI4 9d.5CI4;7L0DEi<N.\0/Vh‹Ž7P

¾7L<N^A^A4;7&4lwYCI<?4I.5C€V ¿H`“¹

rs28>G03>A.—CI>G.{:G4I7LB9<N>G. ¿H`Ã

}k>A.\034WÂ[EG79T?>1Ue>=J54;TNTN<?.5^ ¿H`Ã

}k>A.\034WÂ[EG79T?>1BL03Ei03<?BL03<?CIB ¿H`“”

|H25>RQ•4;7l› B92FEG6O4WBL4IT?4IC;09<N>A. ¿H`“”

/[EGC65{^A79>G@5.5J~T?4;:G4IT ¿H`’

nq@8Ue<?.5>AB9<0/V ¿H`’

Â[EGTN>A7L<NUY4;094I7[^A4;>AUY4;037lV ¿H`’

Â[EGTN>A7L<NUY4;094I7[CIEGTN<?M573Ei09<N>A. ¿H`?‚

•>AB9UY<NC–C;>A.\0DEGUY<N.FEx03<N>G. ¿H`?‚

j4;034;C;09>A7].5>A<NBL4 ¿H`?‚

¾>G03EGT ‚G`?‚

¾EGM5TN4WH`“’']|H@8UeUeEG7LVƒ>iZ+03254cBLV=BL094IUeEi03<?Cc@8.5CI4;7L0DEi<N.\03<?4IBg>G.~03254bUY4uEGBL@5794;Ue4;.{0g>GZ

03284b4I„Ž4x†Ž‡žˆ‰ˆHŠ ‹ŒŠ…•C;79>ABLByBL4IC€03<N>G.…‘F<?094IUY< I4;J_M\Vm03254oBL>A@579C;4c>iZ @5.8CI4I7l0DEG<?.\0/VA`

?A@CBD@ F¶Q#FL+N dePMG~Qd›R“PXRDT¹QKWMFXJ¦N1FLVRDTðd “W“Q FJfQKL+dePMR1Fbd›FH

-/.09254_|=03EG.5JFEi79J"}k>=J54;Tz>GZ•03254e4ITN4;C;0979>RQ•4IE5a<N.\034;73EGC€03<?>A.5BI‘K03254e794IEGC;09<N>A.4 „ 4 † ‡'ˆ‰ˆHŠ+‹ŒŠŽ

657L>HC;4I4IJ8Bc032879>A@5^G2âu;›/CD25EG.5.54;T"4€˜HCD2FEG.5^G4eZv>A7bEGT?T.54I@80979<?.5> FER:G>A79Bw‹ ˆ 

ˆ -Dˆ-œˆRbEi.5J

032879>A@5^G2 ›/CD25EG.5.54;T 4œ˜8CD25EG.5^A4mZv>A7o4;TN4IC€037L>A..54;@8037L<N.5>ABb>A.5TVA` ¡yBXEkC;>A.5BL4²˜{@54I.8CI4G‘s03284

CI7L>AB9B]BL4IC;09<N>A.ƒ>GZq0925<NB&657L>HC;4IBLBdJ84I6O4I.5J5B]T?<N.54IEG79TVe>G.ƒ09254o.{@5UXMO4I7&>GZKTN<?^A2\0[.54;@8037L<N.5>PBL64;CI<N4;B

„ ‚

EG.8J—CIEG.—M4–Q]79<09094I.kEGB

z

‚3ƒ‚

k  „ ‚

z

*

z

*

z - ‹H`ÃG

Q]254;794)zK‘"zq‘qEG.5J z'J54I.5>i034X032841CI>A.\037L<NM5@H03<N>G.5BgZv79>GU'09254ðu;›/CD2FEG.8.54IT657L>HJ5@8C;03<?>A.…‘

03284



h<?.\034I7lZv4I7L4I.5C;4G‘OEG.5J_03284 › CD2FEG.5.84IT! 4œ˜8CD25EG.5^A4i‘O7L4IBL64;C;03<:A4;T?VA`

Ÿ <N^G@5794o=`’XCI>GUe6FEi794IB[09254–794;CI>A<?T…UeEGB9B&BL64;C;037L@5U ‹#"$%'&9•>GZq03254oC;>AUXM5<?.54IJ_BL<N.5^AT?4€›µEi.5J

UX@5T03<¢›/6525>i03>A.P4;:G4I.\0&B9EGUe68TN4]03>c09254d4€˜H64;C;03Ei03<?>A.5BzZv>G7“„

‚  ’ -D”8‘=EG.5Je™5`¾&254yJFEi0DEbCIT?4uEG7LT?V

657L4;Zv4I7L794;J~03254X|=0DEi.5JFEG7LJ}k>=J54ITq:iEGTN@84b>iZ:„

‚ 

”8`&-/.k>A79J84I7y09>v˜{@FEi.{09<?ZŒVƒ0328<NByEG^A794;4IUY4I.\0u‘

( ʶ°¢µ´©¡ ›§žŸ©¯¤‘ÌA¢ *°·¸¤žàœÌAœ©¸Î4§Ž°žŸœÐµ´Ž© ›¢CœŽœ·lœ+Ï"¢eºŸº·lœ§Ž°¢¢*)3µ¢C ›§¢… ›´Ž©lœŽœ+œ¢C ›§žŸ©¯¤œÐ·¸¤,+3žŸ¤¢e̹·¸§žà 

žàœ{§Ž´žŸ³¡§Žžª©l¤œ¶°·æÑl¢~³¢e¢C¤M¢)·¸ÌAžŸ¤¢Cfžª¤¦¢e§Ž·¯žªº/žŸ¤<¥3¢C ›§žŸ©¯¤¦Á¬ÁU©¸Îïа$·¸µ§Ž¢e´ÁA·¸¤$…žŸ¤¦šµµ¢e¤ž-)Mš:¬

(10)

Recoil Mass (GeV)

Events / 4 GeV

Data N ν = 4 N ν = 3 N ν = 2

0 100 200 300 400

0 50 100 150 200

Ÿ <?^A@5794cH`“’' !d4;CI>A<?T UwEiB9BdB96O4IC;0979@5Už>GZ 03254bCI>AUWM5<N.54;JkBL<N.5^GTN4€›•EG.8JkUX@8T?03<¢›/6528>G03>A.

4;:G4I.\0yB3EGUY65TN4i‘5CI>GUe6FEi794IJƒ03>109254o4€˜H64;C;094IJ~BL64;C;0973EYZv>G7‘„

‚  ’ -3”YEi.5Jk™8`

- 6O4I7lZv>A79UY4IJeEoM5<N.5.84IJ)’50s03>o03254&0/Qz>WJ5<?Ue4;.5B9<?>A.FEGT5J8<NBL0979<?M5@803<?>A.1>GZ "$%'& ÁCI>ABKilki>iZŽ03284

B94;TN4;C;034;Jˆ‰ˆHŠ+‹ŒŠŽg4;:A4;.\03BI`&j@54X09>_032541J5<Ž4;794;.{0bC;>A.\0379<?M5@809<N>A.5ByZv79>AU'03254 › CD2FEG.5.54;Tzˆf‰ˆÁŠ

657L>HJ5@8C;03<?>A.tEi.5J~03284 u;›/CD2FEi.5.54IT+ˆ‰ˆHŠh6579>=J5@5C€03<?>A.…‘F0325<?BgUY4;0925>HJ—Q[EiBjUe>G794b6>RQz4I7LZv@8T0325EG.

@5BL<N.5^ƒ03254109>G0DEGTC;79>ABLBoB94IC€03<?>A.UY4uEGBL@5794;Ue4;.\0u`Y¡gBoB925>RQ].<?.hŸ <N^A@8794IBb’=`iCi‘»J‹6Ž` ’=‚f€‘ 03284

u;›/CD2FEi.5.54IT ~4€˜HCD2FEG.8^A4jQ[EiB&4€˜H64;C;094IJ_03>X6879>=J5@5CI4g65794;J5>AUY<N.FEG.\09T?VP4;:G4I.\03B]<?.e03284j794;^A<N>A.e>GZ

03284 O›/794€03@57L.64IE5‹#"$%'& " €‘ŽQ]284I794IEGB–03254 › 794;TEi094IJCI>G.{0979<?M5@803<?>A.5BjJ8>AUe<?.FEi094IJt<?.

03284b7L4I^A<?>A.ƒ>GZ25<N^A2ƒ7L4ICI>G<NT…UeEGB9BL4IBc‹ " $%'&

q

‚I™\¿ o4 b€`

¾>oJ54€034;79UY<N.54[09254].=@8UXM4;7>GZOTN<?^A2\0.54I@H0379<?.5>–B96O4IC;<N4;BI‘=-@5BL4IJP03254 ?

. G`1-/.a03254P^A4;.54I79EGTsCuEGBL4Y>iZ[M5<?.5.54IJhJFEi03E8‘ 03254PT?>A^i›/T?<Í5i4ITN<?25>=>HJƒZv@5.5C€03<N>G.h<?BoJ54l’F.84IJ

EGB•‚RºG™$—

TN.



|Ðx

|

T?.

|

‹! …



#"&‹! … - ‹H`“¹A

Q]254;794 „<NB&03284c03>i0DEGT .{@5UXMO4I7y>GZ+M8<N.5B;‘

|

<NB&09254W.{@5UXMO4I7d>GZ4€:A4;.{09Bj>AM5BL4I7l:A4IJ<?.kM8<N.%$‘

(11)

N ν

−∆ lnL

a)

0 0.5 1 1.5 2

2.8 3 3.2

f W

−∆ lnL

b)

0 0.5 1 1.5 2

0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2

Ÿ <?^A@5794mH`»”#e¾&284_.54I^\Ex03<?:G4mTN>G^i›/T?<Í5G4;TN<?25>H>=JtZv@5.5C€03<?>A.5BW>iZd09254 ’509BXZv>A7XEA1„

‚

Ei.5J

M m`¾&284 UY4uEiB9@57L4IUY4I.\0&<NB•J54IBLCI79<?M4;JƒEi0[09254j4I.8J_>GZ 0325<?B[B94;C;09<N>A.h‹v6…`F’G¿A’A€`

|

‹! Ž<?B03254]CI>G79794;B96O>A.5J5<?.5^b.=@8UXM4;7s>GZ…4œ˜86O4IC€034;Jm4;:G4I.\03B;‘5EG.5J _<NB+03284yBL4;0µ>GZ…65EG73EGUY4;094I7LB

Q]25<?CD2 Ei794EGT?TN>RQz4IJ09>:GEi7LVS<N. 03284 ’50u` -/. 0328<NBm6FEi7L03<?CI@5TNEG7YCuEGBL4G‘

 „

‚

EG.5J¼03284

4€˜H6O4IC€034IJk.{@5UXMO4I7]>GZ+4€:A4;.{09B |

J54I6O4I.8J54IJk>A. „ ‚

EGCIC;>A79J5<?.5^103>YpI˜{@FEi03<?>A.kH`“ÃH`

¾&254d.=@8UXM4;7z>iZŽT?<N^A2\0s.54;@8037L<N.5>oB96O4IC;<N4;BµQ•EGBs03254;.wJ54€034I7LUe<?.54IJYM\VPUwEf˜8<?Ue< I<?.5^y09254yT?>A^i›

TN<ê5G4;TN<N28>H>=JbZv@8.5C;09<N>A.…`¡gB+BL25>RQ].e<?.1Ÿ <?^A@5794[H`»”AE8‘G09254[>AM803EG<N.84IJXT?>A^i›/T?<Í5i4ITN<?25>=>HJjZv@5.8C;03<?>A.XQ•EGB

6FEG79EGMO>ATN<?C&EG.5JY03254dBL03EG.5JFEG7LJH›/J84;:=<Ei09<N>A.YBL03Ei03<?BL09<NCuEiT54I7L79>A7g‹ ! „ ‚

+Q•EGBz4IBL09<NUeEi034;JeM\VPBL>AT?:=<N.8^

.{@5UY4I79<?CuEGT?T?VY03254–Zv>AT?TN>RQ]<N.8^X4²˜{@FEi09<N>A."

TN. d‹ „ ‚ ! „ ‚  

T?.d‹ „ ‚   ‚

’ - ‹H`G

Q]254;794 „ ‚

J54;.5>G094IBj03284 ’509094IJ:iEGTN@54W>GZU„

‚

`b¾&254P794;B9@5T0–>GZs0325<?BjUeEx˜H<NUX@5U'TN<ê5G4;TN<N28>H>=J-’80

Q•EGB

„ ‚ 

’s“À\à ¿'s“¿Aºd‹u" L ¿'s“¿A”d‹u)!#uL ¿#s»¿A”d‹#%$'&)(+*,!8"s

¾&254oBLV=Bl034IUeEi09<NC–4I7L79>A7[Q•EGB]4IBl03<?UwEi094IJ_M\V_4€:GEiTN@FEi09<N.5^c03254–BL25<?ZŒ09B&<N.m03284M’509094IJƒ:GEiTN@54j>iZ˄

‚

EGBLB9>=CI<Ex034IJhQ]<?092J5<Ž4;794I.\0cB9>A@879CI4;BX>GZ•BLV=BL094IUeEi03<?Cw@5.5C;4I7l0DEG<?.{09<N4;BI‘XQ]254I7L4w03254YCI>G.5B9<?J54I7L4IJ

BLV=Bl034IUeEi09<NC]44IC€03BsQ•4;794]03254]B3EiUe4]EGBZv>A709254]CI79>GB9BsB94;C;03<?>A.YUe4IEGB9@57L4IUY4I.\0g‹ BL4I4d¾ EGM8TN4dH`“’A€`

Cʶ°žàœÌA¢e§°©<ϞŸºŸº#³¢A¢CœŽ ›´Žžª³¢C‡žª¤ÌA©¯´Ž¢U¢e§Ž·¸žŸº#žª¤ ¥3¢C ›§žŸ©¯¤ á¬×$®8Ï°¢e´Ž¢Džª§~ϞŸºŸº#³¢“¡œ¢¦§Ž©…¢Cœ§žŸÌ¹·6§Ž¢

œ»3œ§¢C̹·6§žà +¢C´´Ž©¯´*œ4žŸ¤:ÌD»IÌA¢·¯œ¡´¢CÌA¢e¤²§Žœ©¸Î±l·¯¡±¯¢eÀͳ©lœ©¯¤I e©¯¡µºŸžŸ¤±lœC¬èŠ§Kœ°©l¡ºàI³$¢"¤©¯§¢CI§°·¸§'§Ž°žŸœ#ÌA¢›§Ž°©

(12)

a) Mean = 2.999 Width = 0.079

N ν (measured)

Samples/0.001

25 50 75 100 125

2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4

b) Mean = 0.078

δN ν (measured)

Samples/0.0005

100 200 300

0.07 0.075 0.08 0.085 0.09

c)

N ν (generated) N ν (measured)

2.7 2.8 2.9 3 3.1 3.2 3.3

2.7 2.8 2.9 3 3.1 3.2 3.3

d)

N ν (generated) N ν (measured)-N ν (generated)

a = 1.01 ± 0.01 b = 0.004 ± 0.002

-0.04 -0.02 0 0.02 0.04

2.7 2.8 2.9 3 3.1 3.2 3.3

Ÿ <?^A@5794H`»™# j<NBL0979<?M5@803<?>A.5BO>GZ8E\O03284:’809034;J–:GEiTN@54;B >GZ'„

‚

EG.5JoM Ð’50q4;797L>A79B…Zv>A7ŽB9UeEGTNT

}k>A.\094jÂ[EG7LTN>–B9EGUe68TN4IBsC;>A797L4IB96O>A.5J8<N.5^o03>‡„

‚ 

”H` ¾&254dBL03Ei03<?BL03<?CuEGT86FEG73EiUe4€034I7LB>GZ

<N.\094I794;BL0sEi794[<?.5J5<NCIEi034;JW>A.X09254[65T?>G03B;` !]4IBL@5T?09B+>GZF09254“’50M8<EGBK034IBl03Bl CRq03254&Eu:G4I73Ei^A4

’50L034IJ:iEGT?@541>GZU„

‚

Zv>A7gB9UeEGTNT+}k>A.\034YÂ[EG7LTN>_B9EGUe68TN4IByQ]<?032aJ5<Ž4;794;.{0‡„

‚

‘qEG.8JhJF

03284cC;>A797L4IB96O>A.5J8<N.5^v„

<àp

‚  „ ‰ }

‚

J5<?BL0979<NM8@803<?>A.…`s¾&254bBL0DEx03<NBl03<?CuEGT @5.8CI4I7l0DEG<?.\03<N4;B]>A.

03284cEu:G4I73Ei^A4IByEG.5Jƒ03254o7L4IB9@8T?03B]>GZK03284bT?<N.54IEG7[7L4I^A7L4IB9BL<N>A.kEG7L4oEGTNBL>Y^G<?:A4;.…`

¾&254PT EiBL0–@5.8CI4I7l0DEG<?.\0/V<N.5C;TN@5J84IBj03284X03254;>A794€03<NCIEGT+@5.8CI4I7l0DEG<?.\0/V>A.t03284Y4œ˜H64;C;034;JC;79>ABLBoB94ICœ›

03<?>A.,•š’i™—8EGBKQ•4;TNTHEGBEG.WEGJ5J5<03<N>G.FEGT{@5.5C;4I7L03EG<N.\0/Vc>A.W09254•BL2FEG6O4[>GZ509254[794;CI>A<?T{UwEGBLB BL64;C;037L@5U—‘

4IBl03<?UwEi094IJƒM\V_CI>GUe6FEi79<N.8^ ;;4=#>wQ]<?092 $$O`

¾&2546O4I7LZv>G79UeEG.5CI4>GZ103284 ’50909<N.5^S6579>=CI4;J5@57L4Q[EGB~<N.\:A4;BL03<?^\Ei094IJ Q]<?092,03284BL03EG.5JFEG7LJ

}k>A.\094tÂ[EG7LTN>hUe4€0325>=J5B •¢‚uºG™8‘]‚Rº\× ` Ÿ <N7LBL0u‘µ-XC;>A.5BL0979@5C€034;J B9UeEGTNT&}k>A.\034tÂ[EG79T?>hB9EGUY65TN4;B

M\V—73EG.5J8>AUeTV_CI>GUXM5<N.8<N.5^w}k>A.\034XÂ[EG79T?>w4€:A4I.\09Bj<N.k.=@8UXM4;79By^A<?:G4I.tM\Vƒ03254Wr>A<?B9BL>A.tJ5<?BL037L<›

M5@809<N>A.mEG79>A@8.5Jm03254g4€˜H64;C;094IJ—.=@8UXM4;7[>GZK4;:G4I.\03B&Zv>A7•EX^A<?:G4I.m:iEGT?@54g>GZ„

‚

`¾&254–7L4ITN<NEGM5<?TN<?0/V

>GZ]03284mBL03Ei03<?BL03<?CuEGTµ4I7L79>A7XQ•EGBX09254I.094IBL094IJM\V ’50L03<N.8^~0/Q•>0925>A@5B9EG.5J"B9UeEGTNT•}k>A.\094—Â[EG79T?>

(13)

B3EiUe65T?4IB[Q]<032_03254c|=03EG.5JFEi79Jk}k>=J54IT…:iEGT?@54<„

‚ 

”8`¾&284 !y}t|mQ]<NJ8092ƒ>GZ09254oJ5<NBl037L<NM5@809<N>A.

>GZ[09254 ’50L034;JCI4;.{0973EGTµ:iEGTN@54;BWEi^A794;4IJQz4ITNTsQ]<?09209254wUY4uEG.>GZ[03284wJ5<?BL037L<NM5@H03<N>G.>GZ&09254v’80

@5.5C;4I7l0DEG<?.{09<N4;BW‹vB94;4cŸ<N^A@57L4IBdH`š™\E8‘šM œ`

-/.>G79J54;7o09>ƒCD254IC65tZv>A7oEi.{VtM5<EGB;‘ -g@5BL4IJ}k>A.\034eÂ[EG7LTN>_B3EiUe65T?4IB–C;>A.5BL0979@5C€034;JZv>A7–BL4;:\›

4I79EGTµJ5<4I7L4I.\0X:iEGTN@84IBW>iZ…„

‚

`~¾&254_Eu:A4;73EG^A4v’509094IJ:iEGTN@84IB_‹„

<àp

‚

oQz4I7L4mCI>GUe6FEi794IJ09>~03284

0979@54^A4;.54I79Ei034;J:iEGT?@54IBk‹„

‰ }

‚

€‘zEGBPB925>RQ].S<N.Ÿ <N^G@5794;BYH`»™GCG‘šJ…`"¾&25<NBPCI>GUe6FEi79<NBL>A.Q•EGB

6FEG79EGUY4;034;79< I4IJƒM\V—E ’50

‹„

<àp

‚ 

”A



‹„

‰ }

‚ 

”A

* - ‹H`“ºA

Q]25<?CD2t^\Eu:A4cEeT?<N.54IEG79<0/VmCI>=4lwYC;<N4I.\0 

‚8s»¿8‚ ¿#s»¿8‚WC;>AUe65Ei03<?M5TN4jQ]<032h‚XEG.5J~Ee.54;^ATN<?^A<NM8TN4

M5<NEGB  

¿#s»¿A¿G™ ,¿'s“¿A¿A’H`e-/.EGJ5J8<?03<?>A.…‘…09254ð’80903<?.5^ƒ6579>=CI4;J5@57L4YQ•EGBoZv>A@5.5Jh03>—M4PBL03EGM5T?4

Q]<?0927L4IB96O4IC€0W09>~CD2FEG.8^A4IBc<N.09254YM5<N.B9< ;4G`—|H<?.5CI4P03284w>AM5BL4I7l:A4IJBlV=BL034;UwEx03<NCY44IC€03BWQz4I7L4

.54;^ATN<?^A<NM5T?4+CI>GUe6FEi794IJb03>d03254µ03>G03EGT\BLV=BL094IUeEi03<?C•4;7979>G7I‘x.5>jEGJ8J5<?09<N>A.FEiT\BLV=BL094IUeEi03<?Cz4;7979>G79BQz4I7L4

EGBLB9<N^G.54IJkEGBdE1794IBL@5T?0]>iZ 03284IB94oC;79>ABLByCD254;C65{BI`

# Ý.v % ‡& X/&² Ð &

¾&25<?Bb7L4IBL@5T?0cCuEG.hMO4eC;>AUXM5<?.54IJaQ]<?092UY4uEGBL@5794;Ue4;.\03Bb>GZ•09254e4 „ 4 † ‡ ˆ‰ˆHŠ ‹ŒŠ…j657L>HC;4IBLBc6O4I7Á›

Zv>A7LUe4;J Ex0_03254MO4I^A<?.5.5<?.5^>GZWnKpsrµ’"EG.5J±Ei0—nqpsr]‚G`O9yB9<?.5^"B9<?.5^ATN4œ›YEG.5J±UX@5T03<¢›/6525>i03>A.

4;:G4I.\03BoBL4ITN4;C;094IJa<N.~09254XJFEx0DEwC;>ATNT?4IC;094IJM\V~nK”mJ8@579<?.5^t‚RÀAÀAÃf›ÁÀ\YEi0 t u 

‚R”G¿



‚RºA” –4 P‘

-•>GM80DEG<?.54IJf„

‚ 

”#s“’G” ¿#s‚Rºd‹Žu L ¿#s»¿A¹d‹Žu"!KuLœ`

¾&2541nqpsr&‚XUe4IEGB9@8794IUY4I.\0 •¢‚fi”8‘q‚fGÀ$—qQ•EGBj6O4I7LZv>G79UY4IJkQ]<032~EwB3EGUY65T?4b>iZz’H‘“¿GÀ8‚cBL<N.5^GTN4€›

6525>i03>A.XCIEG.5J5<?JFEi094IB+BL4ITN4;C;094IJP<N.e‚R¿A¿g65M †x >GZ JFEi03EgCI>AT?TN4;C;034;JWZv79>GUĂuÀAÀ8‚•09>X‚RÀAÀG™gEi0+4;.54I7L^A<N4;B

.54IEG7m03254 )7L4IBL>A.FEG.5C;4G‘<t u 

ºAÀ'sà 

ÀG”#s“º –4 P` |H<?.5CI4t09254t7L4uEGC€03<N>G.¼4 „ 4 † ‡'ˆ‰ˆHŠ+‹ŒŠŽ

657L>HC;4I4IJ84IJ EGTNUY>ABL0m4€˜HCIT?@5B9<:A4ITV092579>A@8^A2!uI›CD2FEG.5.84IT 4€˜HCD2FEG.8^A4G‘j09254794;B9@5T03<N.8^6525>G09>A.

4I.84I79^iVwBL64;C;037L@5U!Q•EGBA˜{@5<034yB9>GZŒ0I‘Ak $‚;› ™ –4 1`¾&254g.=@8UXM4;7[>GZqT?<N^A2\0µ.54I@H0379<?.5>XBL64;CI<N4;B

Q•EGBm03254;.¼J54;094I7LUe<?.54IJ¼M\Vݒ50909<N.5^09254~09>G0DEGTd657L>HJ5@8C;03<?>A. C;79>ABLB_B94IC€03<?>A.…‘]Ue4IEGB9@8794IJ EiB_E

Zv@5.5C€03<?>A.>GZ¦t uA`a¾&254V’50X794IBL@5T?0WQ[EGB)„

‚ 

’'s»ÀAº ¿#s»¿\]‹Žu L ¿#s“¿Ad‹u"!KuLð•¢‚fiÀ$— `¡yB

J54;B9CI7L<NMO4IJ—<N.k•2FEG6H034I7d™5‘809254bnq”YJ54€034;C;03>G7]Q•EGBdB9<?^A.5<ê’5CuEG.\03TVw@865^A73EiJ54IJ~Ei0&03254o4;.5Jk>iZ 03284

nqpsr]‚c6579>G^A73EGU—`•-/.k6FEG7l03<NC;@5TEi7I‘809254c<?.5BL03EGTNTNEi03<?>A.m>GZ03254 !dŸ EiCICI4;TN4;73Ei09>A7dEGTNT?>fQz4IJ—UY4o09>

(14)

B9<?^A.5<ӒFCuEG.\09T?VX<?Ue6879>R:A4[09254‘˜=@5EGTN<0/VX>GZO03254]CIEGTN>A7L<NUY4;094I7 CIEGTN<?M573Ex03<N>G.ƒ‹ BL4I4g•2FEG68094I7zÃA€‘AQ]28<NCD2

Q•EGBy>G.54–>GZK03254oJ5>AUY<N.5EG.\0]B9>A@57LCI4;By>GZBLV=Bl034IUeEi09<NCo@5.5C;4I7L03EG<N.\0/VƒEx0dnKpsr&‚A`

¾>CI>GUXM5<N.84t03254hEGMO>R:A4h794IBL@5T?09B_Q]<?032 UWV Ue4IEGB9@57L4IUY4I.\0—>GZ1„

‚

‘g-w@5BL4IJ 03254$

UY4;0328>HJ•‚RºA¹$—FQ]25<?CD2mEGT?TN>RQz4IJPUe4[09>b03E5G4d<N.\09>cEiCICI>G@5.\0•C;>A797L4ITEx03<N>G.5BM4€0/Q•4;4I.w09254]BLV=BL094IU1›

Ei09<NC–@5.5C;4I7l0DEG<?.{09<N4;B&>GZ09254IBL4cUY4uEiB9@57L4IUY4I.\03B;`m¾&284cC;>AUXM5<?.FEi03<?>A.m^\Eu:G4

„ ‚ 

’'s“ÀGºS¿#s“¿AÃd‹uL ¿'s“¿G™y‹u)!#uL -

Q]254;794c09254o03254;>A794€03<NCIEGT @5.5C;4I7l0DEG<?.{09<N4;BdQz4I7L4W<N.8CITN@8J54IJ—<N.ƒ03254o03>i0DEGT BlVHBl034;UwEi09<NCo4I7L79>A7;`[¾&25<?B

794;B9@5T01<NBc<N.Ei^A794;4IUY4I.\0WQ]<03203284ƒ|=0DEi.5JFEG7LJ}k>HJ84IT•68794IJ8<NC;09<N>A.>GZ…„

‚ 

”EG.5J<NBXUY>A794

657L4ICI<?B94ƒ032FEi."09254—65794;B94I.\0YQ•>G79TNJSEu:A4;73EG^A4ƒ>GZgUe4IEGB9@8794IUY4I.\09BY>GM80DEG<?.54IJM\VBL09@5J8V=<N.8^03284

794IEGC;09<N>A.c4u„…4f†‡žˆ‰ˆHŠ ‹vŠŽ“•¹$—` - 0sEGT?B9>gEG^A794;4IBKQ]<?032c03254[<?.5J5<?794IC€0 UY4uEiB9@57L4IUY4I.\0+>GZ <?.\:H<?B9<?M5TN4

Q]<NJH032XEx0+nqpsr&‚–‹„

‚ 

’'s»À\Gº'P¿#s»¿8‚u™1•¢‚uºA”—€‘xQ]25<NT?4µMO4I<?.5^dB94I.8B9<?09<?:G4z03>yJ5<4I7L4I.\0BLV=BL094IUeEi03<?C

EG.5Jƒ03284I>A7L4;03<?CuEGTŽ@5.5CI4;7L03EG<N.\03<?4IB•‚fGÀ—`

Ð 2 (‘ %

4 „ 4 † ‡žˆf‰ˆ/Š+‹ŒŠŽ

‡8&3&

¾&254dB94;TN4IC€034;JwB3EiUe65T?4]>GZ…BL<N.5^AT?4€›KEi.5JwUX@8T?03<¢›/6528>G03>A.W4;:A4;.\03B[C;>A@5TNJeEGT?B9>oM4]@5BL4IJw09>cUY4uEiB9@57L4

032841B9< ;4X>GZs03284 ›/CD2FEG.8.54IT 4€˜HCD2FEi.5^A4PCI>A.\0979<NM8@803<?>A.5Bj<?.t0325417L4uEGC€03<N>G.4u„Ž4f†‡ ˆf‰ˆÁŠ ‹vŠŽ€`

¾&254;B941CI>G.{0979<?M5@803<?>A.5BdQ•4;79416FEG79EGUY4;034;79< I4IJkM\VEwUX@8T?03<?65TN<?CuEi09<?:G4–B9CuEiTN4cZ EiC;03>G7 m‘ŽJ54l’F.84IJ

03>MO4t‚mZv>A7c03254—|=03EG.5JFEi79J}k>=J54IT•4€˜H64;C;03Ei03<?>A.…`a¾&254ƒ.{@5UXMO4I7X>GZd.54;@8037L<N.5>BL64;CI<?4IBXQ•EGB

EGBLB9@5UY4IJ_03>1MO4–4²˜{@FEiTŽ03>P”8‘8EGB&<N.8J5<NCIEi034;JmM\Vm03254jEGM>R:G4bUY4uEiB9@57L4IUY4I.\0u`¾&254–C;79>ABLB]B94IC€03<?>A.

>GZK03254oBL<N.5^AT?4€›µEi.5JkUW@5T?09<›/6825>G03>G.m6579>=J5@5C€03<?>A.ƒ6579>=CI4;B9B]CI>A@8TNJƒ03254;.kMO4–Q]79<?0L034;.kEiB

z

‚ƒ‚

k  ”

z

*

‹{z

*

zY - ‹H`“ÀA

ʶ°¢ ðÒ"¢œ{§U¼žª¤¢C·¸´¤3³žà·¯œ¢C >œ§žŸÌ¹·6§Ž¢ÔËÌA¢›§Ž°© žŸœDϞŸ¢eºŸ»1¡$œ¢ žª¤ °žŸ±¯°ÀÍ¢C¤¢e´Ž±¯»<µ°²»œžŸ CœIÎÖ©l´

 ›©lÌD³žŸ¤žŸ¤±U e©¯´Ž´¢CºŸ·¸§¢A̓¢·¯œ¡´Ž¢eÌA¢e¤²§ŽœÐœ¡$ *°…·¯œ O̹·¯œŽœÌA¢·¯œ¡´¢CÌA¢e¤²§ŽœÐ·6§¼?> @-äò­Ã6å4·¸¤fÊ¢CÑæ·¸§´Ž©¯¤<䪭C¿3áCåͬ

¥3žŸ¤ ›¢"§°¢¶¼ > @­·¸¤U¼?>A@ÐÁÌA¢·¯œ¡´¢CÌA¢e¤²§Žœ'¡œ¢CDž8¢e´Ž¢e¤²§K§°¢C©¯´Ž¢›§ŽžŸ C·¸º3 e·¸ºà ›¡ºŸ·¸§žŸ©¯¤œ#·¸¤U¯¤²§Ž¢ï"·¯´ºŸ©

±¯¢C¤¢e´*·6§Ž©¯´*œe®3§Ž°¢ežŸ´§Ž°¢e©l´¢e§žà e·¯º/¡¤ e¢e´§Ž·¸žŸ¤²§žŸ¢CœÏ"¢e´Ž¢:·¯œŽœ¡ÌA¢C£§©…³$¢:¡¤ ›©l´´Ž¢eºà·6§Ž¢C4¬¶Ê¶°¢:¢*)3µ¢e´ŽžŸÌ“¢C¤²§Ž·¸º'œ»œÀ

§¢C̹·6§žà "¢e´Ž´©l´Žœžª¤“³©¸§°“ÌA¢C·lœ¡´Ž¢eÌA¢C¤l§*œ#ÏТC´¢ÐÌA·¯žª¤ºª»D¡¢§Ž©ËºªžŸÌAžò§Ž¢C“œ{§*·6§žàœ§žà eœK©¸Î$Ñæ·¯´žŸ©¯¡$œ' e©¯¤²§´Ž©¯ºœŽ·¸ÌAµºŸ¢CœC¬

褷lžª§žŸ©¯¤/®8§Ž°¢A¼?> @­U·¯¤·¸ºŸ»œžàœ e©¯¤œžŸ¢e´Ž¢C¦©l¤ºª»¦µ°©¸§Ž©¯¤œžª¤‡§°¢È ³·¯´´Ž¢eºÍ®8Ï°¢e´Ž¢C·lœ·¸³©¯¡§~°·¯ºòÎЩ¸Î

§°¢~µ°©¸§Ž©¯¤f C·¸¤žŸ·¸§¢œÐ¡$œ¢‘žŸ¤…§Ž°¢I¼?> @"Á:·¯¤·¸ºŸ»œ¢œ+Ï"¢e´Ž¢žŸ¤…§Ž°¢¶È ¢e¤ C·¸µœC¬šœ·“ ›©l¤œ¢²¡¢e¤ e¢¯®²§°¢

¢)µ¢e´ŽžªÌA¢C¤l§*·¸ºœ»œ{§Ž¢e̹·6§ŽžŸ ¶¢C´´Ž©¯´*œ#©¸Î§°¢¼?> @­·¸¤A¼?>A@ÐÁÌA¢C·lœ¡´Ž¢eÌA¢C¤l§*œKÏТC´¢·¯ºŸœ©IºŸ·¯´±l¢eºŸ»I¡¤ e©¯´Ž´¢CºŸ·¸§¢C/¬

ʶ°¢<̹·¯žª¤ œ©¯¡´* ›¢œ¹©¸Î: e©¯´Ž´¢CºŸ·¸§¢C œ»3œ§¢C̹·6§žà ¦¢C´´Ž©¯´*œAÏТC´¢<§Ž°¢<žŸ¤l§Ž¢e±l´Ž·¸§¢C ºŸ¡ÌAžª¤©lœžò§{» ÌA¢C·¯œ¡´Ž¢eÌA¢e¤²§®

§°¢f¢œ e´žŸµ§žŸ©¯¤ð©¸Î§°¢f e·¯ºª©l´žŸÌA¢›§Ž¢e´D±l¢e©l̓¢e§´Ž»¯®K·¸¤ §°¢MœžŸÌD¡ºŸ·¸§žŸ©¯¤ ©¸Î§Ž°¢MœžŸ¤±¯ºŸ¢›ÀŠµ°©¯§©l¤ §´Žžª±l±¯¢e´D¤¢C·¯´

§°¢f§Ž°´Ž¢Cœ°©¯ºà4¬¤)§Ž°¢¦ ›©l¤l§Ž´Ž·¯´»l®#§°¢¦¼?>A@ÐÁ<̓¢·¯œ¡´Ž¢eÌA¢e¤²§ŽœU©¯³§Ž·¸žŸ¤¢)Ϟª§°v§°¢1­C½lÃAÇ ­¿¯½1È~¢ÍÉm·¯¤

­C¿l¾:ÇvÁ¯Ã¯¿MÈ~¢ŠÉ ·6§*·fÏ"¢e´Ž¢Aœ{§Ž´©l¤±¯ºŸ»< ›©l´´Ž¢eºà·6§Ž¢C¦³¢C C·¸¡œ¢“§°¢C»‡Ï"¢e´Ž¢Uµ¢e´ÎÖ©¯´ŽÌA¢C<¡$œžŸ¤±£§°¢‘œŽ·¸ÌA¢A¯¤²§Ž¢

(15)

Q]<?092 zK‘Izq‘sEG.5J z J54I.5>i03<N.8^t03254ƒ|{0DEG.5J5EG79J}k>=J54;T[65794;J5<NC€03<?>A.5BcZv>G7W03254_C;>A.\037L<NM5@H›

03<?>A.5BdZv79>AUž03254ðu;› CD2FEG.5.54;T 657L>HJ5@8C;03<?>A.…‘O03254 

<N.\034;7LZv4I7L4I.5C;4G‘qEG.8Jt03254 › CD2FEG.5.54;T

4€˜HCD2FEi.5^A4G‘j7L4IB96O4IC€03<:A4ITVA`

¾>oUY4uEGBL@5794&09254&B9CIEGTN4[Z EGC€03>A7 _‘\-@5BL4IJP03254]B9EGUe4¹5{<?.54IUeEi03<?C[J5<?BL037L<NM5@H03<N>G.1EG.5J ’50L03<N.8^

657L>HC;4IJ5@57L41EGBdZv>A7y09254 „ ‚

UY4uEGBL@5794;Ue4;.{0I`y>RQz4;:G4I7I‘ <?.k0925<NBdCuEGBL4W03284XCI>A.\0979<NM8@803<?>A.5B]Zv79>AU

03284¦u;›/CD2FEi.5.54IT k4€˜HCD2FEi.5^A4jC;>A.5BL09<?09@8034;J_EG.m<?Ue6O>A7L03EG.\0sB9>A@879CI4g>GZ <N7L794;J5@5CI<?M5TN4dMFEGC65{^A7L>A@5.5JŽ`

¡gBgEeC;>A.5B94l˜{@54I.5C;4G‘Ž09254 Ue4IEGB9@8794IUY4I.\0yUwEi<N.5TVm657L>AM4;J~03284c7L4ICI>G<NTqUwEiB9Bd794I^G<N>A.kEGMO>f:G4

03284 O› 794;09@579.6O4uE5 ‘ "$'& q

‚u™\¿ o4 ‹vB94I4kŸ <?^A@5794;Be’H`xCG‘šJ6…`z’H‚fœ`¾&254—794;B9@5T0Y>GZj03284

M5<?.5.54IJ—UeEx˜H<NUX@5UÄTN<ê5G4;TN<N28>H>=Jv’50]Q•EGB



¿#s»ÀAÀ¿#s»¿A¹d‹Žu L ¿#s“¿A’d‹u"!KuL ¿'s“¿\’]‹ %$ &)(+* !5 -

<N.–^G>H>=JoEG^A7L4I4IUY4I.\0 Q]<032j03284•|{0DEG.5J5EG79Jc}k>=J54ITi:GEiTN@54 

‚A`K¾&254s>AM803EG<N.54;J–TN>A^x›/TN<ê5G4;TN<N28>H>=J

CI@87L:A4o<?B&B925>RQ].—<N.ƒŸ <?^A@5794–H`“”iMh‹ 6…`…‚uÀAÀ\€`µÂ•>G.{0973EG7lVw09>P09254onqpsr]‚oUY4uEGBL@5794;Ue4;.\0]>GZ 

¿#s“’ )¿#s»¹ ¿#sš™ •¢‚fi”—‘µ0925<NB17L4IB9@8T?0YCIT?4uEG7LT?V4IBL03EGM5T?<NB9284IJ"032FEi0109254 ›/C;>A.\0379<?M5@809<N>A.5BXQz4I7L4

>AM5BL4I7l:A4IJtEG.5J_Q•4;794bCI>A.8B9<NBl034;.{0dQ]<?092_03254o4€˜H6O4IC€0DEi09<N>A.5B&Zv7L>AU!09254c|=0DEG.8JFEG79J~}k>=J54IT`

£m¤ _§g¨X«s¸•²t§–© °G¯e« ƒ´Y­t¨c®ª«§–©

|H@56O4I7LBLV=UYUe4€037LVk‹|#9j|bCI>A.5Bl03<03@8094IB•>G.54y>iZŽ03284yUY>ABL0µ<?.{094I7L4IBL09<N.5^cEG.5Je6579>GUe<?B9<N.8^–4€˜=034;.H›

B9<?>A.5Bz>GZ 03254–|=0DEG.8JFEG79J_}k>HJ84IT`¾&284jUwEi<N.mEiB96O4IC;09B[>GZ 0925<NBµ03254;>A7LVe2FEu:A4–MO4I4;._J5<NBLCI@5BLB94IJƒ<?.

•2FEG6H034I7o”H`WpB96O4IC;<EGT?T?V—<N.\094I794;BL09<N.5^ƒEG7L4Y|#9j|ÄB9CI4;.FEG7L<N>ABjT?4uEGJ8<N.5^w09>_6579>=J5@5C€03<?>A.>GZµ.54I@=›

0379EGTN<?.5>AByEG.5Ja^A79ER:=<03<N.8>ABg<?.t4u„…4f†hCI>AT?TN<NBL<N>A.8BgEi0–nKpsrK‘ EGBjBL@5CD26879>=CI4IBLB94;BbCIEG.aM4WJ54;094IC;094IJ

M\V—EG.FEGTV? I<N.8^X03254oB94;TN4;C;034;J~B9EGUe68TN4IB&>iZ BL<N.5^AT?4€›µEi.5JkUW@5T?09<›/6825>G03>G.m4;:G4I.\03B;`•-/.ƒ0325<?B&B94IC€03<?>A.

-K65794;B94I.\0µ03254]7L4IB9@8T?03Bs>GZOUWVWB94IEG79CD254;BzZv>A7BL@5CD2w|#9j| BL<N^A.FEx03@57L4IBI` ¾&254]CI>A7L794IBL6>G.5J5<N.8^bBL<N^i›

.FEGT03>A6O>ATN>G^A<N4;B[EG.5JƒBL4uEG7LCD2~BL0973Ei094I^A<?4IB&2FEu:G4bMO4I4;.kJ84IB9C;79<?M4;Jk<?.—|H4IC€03<N>G.k”H`’X>GZ Â•2FEG6H034I7d”8‘

03>1Q]25<?CD2k-µQ]<NT?TZv794l˜{@54I.\03TVƒ794€Zv4I7]<N._03284oZv>GTNTN>RQ]<?.5^XJ5<?B9CI@8B9B9<?>A.…`

¾&254D5=<?.54IUeEi09<NCCI@H03Bq>GZ5MO>G092o09254µB9<N.8^ATN4œ›OEG.5JbUX@5T03<› 6525>G09>A.jBL4ITN4;C;09<N>A.5B Qz4I7L4zBL@#wYCI<N4;.\03T?V

TN>=>ABL4zBL>j032FEi0 .5>gZv@57l03254;7+>A6809<NUY< IEi03<?>A.–Q[EGBZv>A@5.5JX09>gMO4[.54IC;4IBLB3EG7lVA`y>RQz4;:G4I7I‘=- J54€:A4IT?>A6O4IJ

Cʶ°¢Cœ¢~µ´¢žà ¨§žŸ©¯¤$œÐÏ"¢e´Ž¢~©¯³§*·¸žŸ¤¢C…¡œžŸ¤±D§°¢Ëë3ë3ì3퓱l¢e¤¢C´Ž·¸§©¯´®l·lœœ¡ÌAžŸ¤±A¥3§Ž·¸¤$·¸´*‘¢Cº/ ›©¯¡µºªžŸ¤±²œ

©¸Î~¢eºŸ¢C ›§´Ž©¯¤œA·¸¤$ð¤¢C¡§´ŽžŸ¤©lœC¬ š"§…¼ > @"Á¦¢e¤¢e´Ž±¯žŸ¢CœC®+§°¢ VÀŠ´Ž¢eºà·6§¢v e©¯¤²§´ŽžŸ³¡§žŸ©¯¤$œUÏ"¢e´Ž¢£¢)µ$¢ ¨§Ž¢Cv§© ³¢

©l̓žŸ¤·¸§¢Cf³3»‘§Ž°¢ ·¯ÌAµºªžª§¡$¢:œ ²¡·¯´¢ ÃB½¬

(16)

E_B96O4IC;<EGT+BL4IT?4IC;09<N>A.09>_B94uEi79CD2Zv>G7j4;:G4I.\03BbQ]<?0326825>G03>G.5Bo.5>G0o>A7L<N^A<?.FEi03<?.5^PZv79>AU'03254PMO4uEGU

:A4;7L094€˜‘H09254 .5>A.H› 6>G<N.\03<?.5^ j6528>G03>A.8BI`+-/.eEGTNT8CuEGBL4IBs03254]J5>AUY<N.5EG.\0sMFEGC65{^A79>G@5.5JwCIEGUY4[Zv79>AU

03284–|=03EG.5JFEG7LJ—}k>=J54ITO6579>=CI4;B9B[4 „ 4 † ‡žˆ‰ˆHŠ ‹ŒŠ…œ‘HQ]25<?CD2m2FEGB•M4;4I.mBl03@5J5<?4IJ_<?.e03284gMO4I^A<?.5.5<N.8^

>GZK0325<?B&CD2FEG68094I7;`

¾&254jBL4ITN4;C;09<N>A.m4¯wYCI<N4;.5C;VeZv>A7s03254jBL<N^A.5EGTFQ[EGB•4IBL09<NUeEi034;Jm@5BL<N.5^XTNEG79^G4yB9EGUe68TN4IBµ>GZ}k>G.{094

Â[EG7LTN>t4€:A4I.\09BeBL<NUX@5TNEi034;J@5BL<N.5^~092547 "}k>A.\094—Â[EG79T?>t^A4I.84I73Ex03>A7 •¹A¹$—`a¾&254ƒB9<?^A.FEGT

4lwYC;<N4I.8C;V Q•EGBƒJ54l’5.54IJ EGBm03284.=@8UXM4;7_>GZbB94;TN4IC€034;J BL<N^A.FEiTg4;:G4I.\03B—J5<:H<?J54IJ¼M\VS0325403284

03>i0DEGT .{@5UXMO4I7[>iZ ^A4I.84I73Ex034IJ_4€:A4;.{09BI`zŸF>A7z4IEGCD2_B9<?^A.FEGT UeEGB9Bz6>G<N.\0[EiM>A@H0]ÃH‘»¿A¿A¿W}t 4;:A4;.\03B

Qz4I794g6579>=J5@5C;4IJ…`:9d.5TN4;B9B•>i03254;7LQ]<NBL4gBl0DEi094IJ…‘H.5>W6525EGB94jBL6FEGC;4gCI@H03B•Qz4I7L4jEG6568TN<N4;JwJ5@879<N.8^c03284

^A4;.54I79Ei03<?>A._>GZB9<N^G.FEGT }—>A.\034cÂ[EG79T?>1B3EGUY65T?4IBI` ¡gTNTŽ^A4I.54;73Ei094IJƒ4;:G4I.\03B]Qz4I794b6FEGBLB94;J—092579>A@8^A2

03284cnq”1J54€034IC€03>A7dB9<?UX@5TNEi03<?>A.w657L>A^A79EGUEGB&J54;B9C;79<NMO4IJk<N.k|H4;C;03<?>A.ƒ™5`“’H`?‚u¿P>iZ•2FEi68034;7d™8`

¾&254–794;BL0]>GZq0925<NBzB94IC€03<?>A._<NB[>G79^\EG.8< I4;J_EGB[Zv>AT?TN>RQ]BI`-/._03254j.84€˜=0]B94;C;03<?>A.…‘5-sJ54;B9C;79<NMO4j03284

BL03Ei03<?BL09<NCuEiT8657L>HC;4IJ5@57L4d092FEi0s-@5B94;Je03><˜{@FEG.\09<?ZŒVX09254]794IBL@5T?09Bs>GZŽUcV1B94IEG79CD254;BI`z|H<?.5^ATN4œ›/6528>G03>A.

EG.5JeUX@5T03<› 6525>G09>A.1B9<?^A.FEi09@5794;B•Ei794d<N.\:A4;BL03<?^\Ei094IJw<?.m|=4IC;09<N>A.8B[H`“’H`“’cEG.8J_H`“’H`»”8‘{794IBL64;C;09<?:A4;T?VG`

|H4;C;03<?>A.kH`“’H`»™P<?BdJ84;:A>i034IJ—03>PB94IEG79CD284IByZv>G7&4;:A4;.\03ByQ]<032ƒ.5>A.=›/6O>A<N.\03<?.5^X6528>G03>A.8BI`

?A@A@CB âG›bJ›G~QdeP ðdCN d*QKH R“P F cW…HKd›bH

¾&254d>AM5BL4I7L:G4IJe4;:A4;.\0[73Ex034IBµEG.8Jv5{<N.84IUeEi03<?C[J5<NBl037L<NM5@809<N>A.8B+Q•4;794]Zv>A@5.5J103>bMO4d<?.P^A>H>=JPEG^A7L4I4œ›

UY4I.\0mQ]<?092 03254|=0DEG.8JFEG79J }k>=J54;Tg4€˜H6O4IC€0DEi09<N>A.5Bh‹vB94;4h|H4IC€03<N>G.5Bƒ¹8`»”8`“ºEG.5J ¹8`š™{€` -/.¼03284

EGM5BL4I.5C;4w>GZ[E—C;TN4IEG7o4;:=<NJ54;.5CI4PZv>A7–03284eBL<N^A.FEiT ‘…03284e^A>AEGT+>GZ[E—BL4uEG7LCD2<NB–03>—65TNEGCI4103284eUY>ABL0

BL0979<?.5^A4I.\0K6O>AB9BL<NM5T?4TN<NUY<?09B>G.b09254sB9<N^G.FEGTAC;79>ABLBKBL4IC€03<N>G.bQ]25<?CD2cCIEG.o03254;.cMO4s@5B94;Jc03>]C;>A.5BL0973EG<?.

03284Y65EG73EGUY4;094I7LB–>GZz092541@5.5J84I79TV=<N.5^_03284I>A7lVA` /•4;TN>RQ$-dJ54;B9CI7L<NMO4103254PBL03Ei03<?BL09<NCuEiT 657L>HC;4IJ5@57L4

0325Ei0]-•@5BL4IJ—Zv>A7&CuEGT?CI@5TNEi03<?.5^XBL@5CD2~T?<NUY<?03Bz>A.ƒ.54;Q 652\VHBL<NC;BI`

¾&254“’F7LBL0 BL034;61>GZF0328<NBK6579>=CI4;J5@5794•CI>A.5BL<NBl03B >iZ CI>A.5Bl037L@5C;09<N.5^g09254•T?<Í5i4ITN<?25>=>HJbEGB EdZv@5.5C€03<?>A.

>GZµ03254P.{@5UXMO4I7o>GZz4€˜H6O4IC€034IJB9<?^A.FEGT+4€:A4;.{09BI`e¾>—J54;094I7LUe<?.54X03254PT?<Í5G4;TN<?25>H>=JkZv@8.5C;09<N>A.…‘q>A.84

.54;4IJ5B–03>_CD28>H>ABL4PEmJ5<NBl037L<NM5@809<N>A.kJ5<NBLCI7L<NUY<N.FEi09<N.5^P03284X.54;Q 652\V=B9<?CIBoB9<?^A.FEGTKZv79>AUž032541|=0DEG.=›

JFEG7LJ}—>HJ54;TsMFEGC65{^A79>G@5.5J…`_ŸF>A7oBL4uEG7LCD254IBc<N.a03254PB9<?.5^AT?4€›/6825>G03>G.hCD25EG.5.54;T ‘ -y@5B94;J09254Y0/Qz>

J5<?Ue4;.5B9<?>A.FEGTOJ5<NBl037L<NM5@809<N>A. "$%'& ÁC;>ABilkAQ]28<NCD2_Zv@5TNTVwJ84IB9C;79<?M4;Jƒ09254¦5{<N.54;UwEx03<NC;B•>GZK03284

B94;TN4;C;034;J_B9<?.5^ATN4œ›/6528>G03>A.Y4;:G4I.\03B;`z-/.e03254yUX@5T?09<› 6525>G09>A.eCD25EG.5.54;T ‘=-@5B94;Jm03254jJ8<NBL0979<?M5@803<?>A.P>GZ

(17)

03284‡’F.5EGT J5<NBLCI7L<NUY<N.FEG.\0[:iEG7L<EGM8TN4–CI>GUe65@H034IJƒZv79>GU03254b794;CI>A.8BL037L@5C;094IJt7L4IC;>A<NT UeEGB9BdEG.8Jk03284

UY4uEGBL@5794;Jk6528>G03>A.—4I.84I79^G<N4IBdEG.8J—6O>ATNEG7&EG.5^GTN4IBdEGB&J84IB9C;79<?M4;J~<N.k|H4;C;09<N>A.kH`“’H`»”8`

¾&254•T?<Í5i4ITN<?25>=>HJgZv@8.5C;09<N>A.o<NBqJ54¯’F.54;J1EGBKEd6879>=J5@5C;0>GZ5r>A<?B9B9>G.c657L>AMFEGM8<NTN<03<?4IB…>GZ8>AM5BL4I7L:=<?.5^

<

JFEx0DE14;:G4I.\03By<N.ƒM5<N.s>GZK03254oJ5<?B9C;79<NUY<N.5Ei03<?.5^WJ5<?BL0979<NM8@803<?>A.¶

Œo‹uf



<

Ðx 4 †à€

„ ˆ

‹Žu

< * <

<

- ‹ H`‚R¿\

Q]254;794 ˆ<

m<?By03284c03>i0DEGTK.{@5UXMO4I7j>GZ+M5<N.5B;‘u

<

EG.8J <

EG794b03254W.=@8UXM4;79Bj>iZ4€˜H6O4IC;094IJhB9<?^A.FEGT

EG.5JaMFEiC65=^G79>A@5.8J4€:A4I.\09BI‘ 7L4IBL64;C;03<:A4;T?VA‘KEG.8J u



< u <

<?Bg03254109>G0DEGT.{@5UXMO4I7o>GZµ4€˜H6O4IC;094IJ

B9<?^A.FEGTO4;:G4I.\03B;`&|H<?.5CI4y03254–BL<N^A.FEiTC;79>ABLB&B94IC€03<?>A._@5B9@5EGTNTVw<?.5CI7L4uEGBL4IB[Q]<?092w03284–CI4I.\094I7l› >GZ›/UeEGBLB

4I.84I79^iVA‘503284jTN<ê5G4IT?<N25>=>=JeZv@5.5C€03<?>A.5B&EG7L4jCI>GUe65@H034IJƒBL4I6FEG79Ei034;T?VeZv>A7[4uEiCD2

t

uA`¾&254–CI>AUWM5<N.54;J

TN<ê5G4;TN<N28>H>=JgZv@5.5C€03<?>A.c<?B 03254;.W>AM803EG<N.84IJbM{VoUW@5T?09<N65TVH<?.5^•09>A^A4;09254I7q03284z<?.5J5<?:=<?J5@FEGTAT?<Í5i4ITN<?25>=>HJ5Bl

Œo‹Žuf



Ðx

Œo‹Žu

 - ‹ H`‚A‚f

Q]254;794

€›| ò}



ºY<NB]03254b.{@5UXMO4I7g>iZ+4I.84I79^iVk6O>A<?.{09ByC;>A.5BL<NJ54;794IJ~<N.—UWV—EG.FEGTV=B9<NBc‹vB94I4c¾ Ef›

M5T?4]¹8`?‚&6Ž`5‚R”\’A+Ei.5Jvu

 u

<NB+09254[03>G03EGT54œ˜86O4IC€034;JeBL<N^A.FEiT `K¾&254]TN<Í5i4IT?<N25>=>HJcUe4€0325>=J1@5BL4IB

<N.HZv>A79UeEi03<?>A.WZv7L>AUMO>G032Y03254&03>i0DEGTF4€:A4I.\0•73Ei094gEG.8JY09254yBL2FEG6O4y>iZŽ03284yJ5<?B9C;79<NUY<N.5Ei03<?.5^jJ5<?BL037L<›

M5@809<N>A.Ž`µ¾&2{@5B;‘.8>YZv@57l03254;7]>A6803<?Ue< uEi09<N>A.w>GZ09254b4;:A4;.\0gBL4ITN4;C;09<N>A.—<NB].54;CI4IBLB3EG7lVA‘O<N.ƒCI>G.{0973EGBl0

03>P03284c4€:A4I.\0l›/CI>G@5.\03<N.8^wUY4;0328>HJƒQ]254I7L4bZv@87L03284I7dCI@809By>A.ƒ03284cJ5<?B9C;79<NUY<N.5Ei03<?.5^W:iEG79<NEGM5T?4IB]EG7L4

0/V=65<NCIEGTNTVw7L4²˜{@5<?794IJƒ03>Y<NUY657L>f:G4j03254oBL4I.5BL<?03<:=<?0/Vm>iZ09254oB94uEi79CD2…`

¾&254Y.54€˜=0bBL094I6h>GZz092541BL03Ei03<?BL09<NCuEiT 657L>HC;4IJ5@57L4eC;>A.5BL<NBL09Bo>GZµCI>A.5Bl037L@5C;09<N.5^ƒ0325414;BL09<NUeEi03>A7

! "oQ]25<?CD2CuEG.MO4W@5BL4IJt09>m4;:iEGT?@FEi034b03254WCI>AUY6FEi09<NM5<?TN<?0/Ve>GZ09254XJFEi03EeQ]<?092~03284

657L4IJ5<?C;034;JB9<?^A.FEGT`_¾&254I7L4m4€˜H<?BL0cB94;:G4I79EGT[CD25>A<?CI4;BW>GZ[094IBl0L›/Bl0DEi09<NBl03<NCi`ƒ-–@5B94;J03254Y034;BL0L› BL03Ei03<?C

^A<:A4I.—M\Vm03284b.8>A79UeEGTN< I4;J_<N.\034;^A73EGTŽ>GZ09254oTN<ê5G4IT?<N25>=>=JeZv@5.5C€03<?>A.c•¢‚RºGº$—Žx

#"‹Žuf

 $&%

€

Œo‹('*)+'

$ %

Œo‹('*)+'

- ‹ H`‚f’A

™-,C褼'½®§°žàœ§¢œ{§ÀŠœ§Ž·¸§žàœ{§ŽžŸ U°·¯œ³¢e¢e¤¡œ¢C¦§Ž©£œ¢›§~ºªžŸÌAžò§*œË©¯¤¦§Ž°¢“ÌA·lœœ©¸Î§°¢¹¥²§Ž·¯¤·¯´Ž<î<©3¢eºçžŸ±¯±²œ

³©lœ©¯¤ äò­¿¯¾åŠ¬ š¤©¸§Ž°¢e´…µ$©lµ¡ºà·¸´… *°©lžŸ e¢MžŸœA§Ž°¢<ºŸž+l¢eºŸžª°©²© ´*·6§žŸ©/.ðÒêÅæÔMÆ10ÒÍÅæÔ 20~ÒÓòԨ®Ï°žà *°V°·¯œ¹³¢e¢C¤

·¯©¯µ§Ž¢C1ÎÖ©¯´D§°¢f ›©¯ÌU³žŸ¤·6§Žžª©l¤ ©¸Î¼?>A@ ´¢œ¡ºò§*œI©¯¤)œ¢C·¯´Ž *°¢œËÎÖ©¯´“瞟±¯±²œI³$©²œ©l¤œ‘䪭¯­eåͬ >)²§Ž¢e¤œžŸÑ¯¢‘œ§¡žŸ¢Cœ

°·æÑl¢Uœ°©6Ϥ¦§°$·6§~§°¢œ¢“§{Ï"©…¢Cœ§žŸÌ¹·6§Ž©¯´*œµ´Ž©6Ñ3žŸ¢UœžªÌAžŸºŸ·¯´~œ¢e¤œžª§žŸÑ²žª§{»M§©£œžŸ±¯¤$·¸ºäò­¾¯ÃåŠ¬DšœË·f ›´Ž©lœŽœ *°¢  +8®

èË´¢Cµ$¢·6§Ž¢C ÌD» ·¸¤$·¸ºŸ»3œžàœI¡œžª¤±<§°¢‘ºŸž+¯¢eºŸžŸ°©3©3ÀÍ´*·6§Žžª©¦ÌA¢›§Ž°© ·¸¤1ÎÖ©l¡¤ ¤©<¤©¸§ŽžŸ e¢C·¯³ºª¢‘ *°$·¸¤±l¢CœIžŸ¤ §°¢

Referensi

Dokumen terkait

The percentage of free fatty acid and acid values of the fresh fruit bunch (FFB) and oil palm loose fruits (LF) at different processing time delays. 30 45