Willem Haanstra Faculteit Ingenieurstechnologie, Ontwerp, Productie en Management, Universiteit Twente, Enschede, Nederland. Marten Toxopeus Faculteit Ingenieurstechnologie, Ontwerp, Productie en Management, Universiteit Twente, Enschede, Nederland.
Towards Zero Waste, Circular Economy Boost: Waste to Resources
Sustainability and Circular Economy-Related Concepts
More importantly, under the eco-design philosophy, at every single stage of the product's life cycle, environmental concerns must guide the design processes and decisions. Nowadays, the eco-design concept inspires businesses to improve the environmental performance of their products by integrating reuse and recycling of some of the product components into their designs.
Zero Waste Concept vs Zero Waste to Landfill
Collaboration between stakeholders is essential to implement a zero-waste strategy as a circular economy. According to the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, Closed Loop is a company aligned with the principles of zero waste and the circular economy.
Conclusion and Brief Introduction to the Content of This Book
Murray A, Skene K, Haynes K (2015) The circular economy: an interdisciplinary exploration of the concept and application in a global context. Zaman AU (2015) A comprehensive overview of the development of zero-waste management: lessons learned and guidelines.
Potentials and Challenges for a Circular Economy in Mexico
- Introduction
- A First Glance at Mexico’s Waste Management Situation
- A Circular Economy Seen as Entirety of Production and Consumption with a Surrounding Support System
- Mexican Potentials and Challenges for a Circular Economy
- Market Trends and Conditions
- Competitiveness and Productivity
- The Political and Regulatory Framework
- Education, Training and Knowledge Transfer
- Learning Culture
- Conclusion
One of the first to conceptualize the idea of a circular economy was the American economist Kenneth E. Despite the obvious shortcomings of the Mexican political/legislative framework, there are also positive developments to mention.
Solid Waste Management for Circular Economy: Challenges and Opportunities
Introduction
The continuous growth of the price of raw materials, especially of the natural reserve, the increasing pressure of society and regulatory restrictions are related to both the depletion of resources and environmental impacts generated by waste that is thrown into the environment. Studies on the application of circular economy principles suggest a refined hierarchy of resource use and adoption of the waste value-based recycling concept and related collection practices (Gharfalkar et al.
Waste Management in the Context of Circular Economy
- Circular Economy and the Waste Sector
- Materials Recovery and Recycling
The EU circular economy action plan stimulates the preservation of “the value of products, materials and resources in the economy for as long as possible” and the minimization or elimination of waste (COM. 2015). In Europe according to FERVER (2015), glass production exceeds 30 million tons per year, and 70% of the material is recycled.
Environmental Issues, Resource Conservation and Drivers in Waste Management in Europe
Even further, Slovenia, Romania and Poland are among the newly joined members with the lowest waste production (below 200 kg per capita). As previously shown, one of the most relevant goals is to reduce the amount of waste generated.
Solid Waste Management in Romania and Iasi County Case Study
- Romanian National Strategy and Policy on Solid Waste Management: Critical Issues and Targets
- Strengths and Weaknesses of Solid Waste Management in Romania
- Data About Iasi, Romania
- Quantities of Municipal Waste Generated in Iasi and Prognosis on Medium and Long Terms
- Waste Collection, Transportation and Separation at Source
- Waste Treatment and Landfilling
New concepts were established at the level of the European approach to waste management (mainly in view of the need to treat waste as a source and the principle of extended producer responsibility). Forecasting the generation of municipal solid waste plays an important role in the planning and implementation of waste management systems (Ghinea and Gavrilescu 2010a).
Waste Life Cycle and Strategic Solutions for Integrated Waste Management Systems
- Development of Municipal Solid Waste Management Scenarios for Evaluation and Implementation in Iasi
- Looking at a Comparison with the Waste Management of Twence Company in the Twente Region
Dutch policy played an important role in the development of the professional waste market. In the Netherlands, 34% of municipal solid waste was incinerated to obtain energy in 2008 (EVD 2008).
Opportunities for Solid Waste Management in Romania in the Context of Circular Economy
- Policy: Potential for Improvement
- Zero Waste to Landfill
- Public Perception, Awareness and Participation
Therefore, the Dutch model can be used in the evaluation of the Romanian waste management system in order to move from conventional waste management technologies to a sustainable waste management system. We believe that the cooperation of authorities, stakeholders and the population as one of the key actors in the solid waste management system will lead to changes in the Romanian system.
Conclusions
Pires A, Martinho G, Chang NB (2011) Solid waste management in European countries: a review of systems analysis techniques. Kluwer Academic Publisher, London Zaman AU (2015) A comprehensive overview of zero waste management development: lessons learned.
Feasibility Analysis of a Cap-and-Trade System in Mexico and Implications to
- Introduction
- Overview of the Cap-and-Trade System
- Principles for Designing a Cap-and-Trade System
- Feasibility Analysis of a Cap-and-Trade System in Mexico: Contextual Analysis
- Potential Role of a Cap-and-Trade System in the Climate Change Policy in Mexico and Potential Sectors
- Mexico’s Context with Other Market-Based Instruments
- Feasibility Analysis of a Cap-and-Trade System in Mexico: MACC Assessment
- Implications of Circular Economy into Cap-and-Trade Systems
- Conclusions
In the case of the recent introduction of a carbon tax in Mexico, it is possible that the cap-and-trade system and this tax could interact. It was therefore concluded that the carbon tax is not a potential barrier to the cap-and-trade system.
Circularity of Wastes: Stakeholders
Identity and Salience for Household Solid Waste Management in Cimahi City,
West Java Province, Indonesia
Introduction
As a result, the identification of critical stakeholders is important in solid waste management (Seadon 2006). Therefore, it is important to understand the role of stakeholders in MSW management.
Stakeholder Identity and Salience Theory
Stakeholder salience is defined as “the extent to which managers prioritize competing stakeholder claims” (Mitchell et al. 1997). The most common phenomenon is probably the movement of the dominant stakeholder towards the 'final' category (Mitchell et al. 1997).
Household Solid Waste Management in Cimahi City
Second, household solid waste is collected directly at temporary storage sites and transported by trucks to the final landfill area. After decentralization, the local government assumed a greater role and responsibility than the central government in the management of household solid waste.
Methodology
Relevant Findings and Discussion
Facilitation and development of cross-regional cooperation, partnership and networking in solid waste management (Act No. 18/2008; Bruce and Storey 2010) 1.4. Provide coordination, coaching and monitoring of local authority performance in solid waste management (Act No. 18/2008; Bruce and Storey 2010) 1.5.
Conclusions
Henry RK, Yongsheng Z, Jun D (2006) Municipal solid waste management challenges in developing countries-Kenyan case study. Srivastava PK, Kulshreshtha K, Mohanty CS, Pushpangadan P, Singh A (2005) Stakeholder-based SWOT analysis for successful municipal solid waste management in Lucknow, India.
The Urban Solid Wastes Management
- Introduction
- The Concept of Circular Economy (CE)
- Global Perspective of CE
- Mexican Perspective of CE
- Urban Solid Wastes (USW)
- Cuautlancingo Case Description
- Methodology
- CE Practices Application in Cuautlancingo Municipality
- Separated Waste Collection
- Actions of Recycling
- Awards and Public Recognition and Territorial Reserve
- Workshops to Increase Environmental Awareness
- Upcoming Projects
- Best Practice: Volkswagen
- Conclusions
- Social, Economic and Environmental Implications
The idea of circular material flows as a model of the economy was introduced in 1966 by Kenneth E. Boulding in his paper "The Economics of the Coming Spaceship Earth". Similarly, but on a consulting level, the company "The Green Gain" is a specialist in circular economy, innovation and entrepreneurship.
A Massive Urban Symbiosis: A Preliminary Review of the Urban Mining Pilot Base
Introduction
Such extraction of secondary resources from urban metabolism is referred to as urban mining (Krook and Baas 2013; Krook et al. 2010). The urban mining potential for copper and iron will reach 8.1 and 711.6 million tonnes respectively in 2040.
Development of China’s Recycling Industry
Data were collected and analyzed by reviewing government documents and interviewing policy makers and pilot base managers. Metal and paper/cardboard waste have higher market value leading to high levels of collection and recycling, while plastic and glass waste have lower recycling rates, and collection and recycling of CFL waste remains lacking for due to low profits and lack of regulations.
Urban Mining Pilot Base (UMPB) Programme in China
- Selection of the Pilot Bases
- Progress at Present and Some First Observations
The total recycling capacity of the 45 urban mining pilot bases could be a third of this amount, which shows some importance in terms of scale. However, the selection of 45 urban mining pilots was based solely on their industry development planning.
The Policy Analysis
- Policy Evolution of the Urban Mining Programme
- The Governance of Implementing the UMPB Programme
- Analysing the Supportiveness of the Governance Context
The fund will provide 10% of the total investment endorsed in the Urban Mining Pilot Basic Action Plan as a grant. Currently, the policy impacts of the Urban Mining Pilot Basic Program are not coordinated with the WEEE policy.
Comparison with the Eco-town Programme in Japan
Recycling projects in the eco-city program are mainly the treatment of waste from local and nearby towns. Industrial development for resources is at the core of China's urban mining program, and waste management is linked to the eco-city program.
Conclusion
However, more inter-ministerial coordination and policy integration is needed to develop the governance context into a high-level institutional design for sustainable urban mining in China. Krook J, Baas L (2013) Getting serious about technosphere mining: a review of recent landfill mining and urban mining research.
Incorporating Circular Sustainability
Principles in DKI Jakarta: Lessons Learned from Dutch Business Schools Management
Introduction
One possibility to scale up this trend is by introducing a circular economy by designing the drivers, for example by starting the role that education can play in shaping future business leaders. While business schools can play a crucial role in the transformation by promoting the adoption of circular economy initiatives, they face obstacles in terms of implementing them in their own operations.
The Concept of Sustainable University
This paper aims to set future directions for sustainability path(s) to incorporate circular economy in Indonesian higher education systems and to “reinvent” the university role while shaping future leaders. This framework model should be merged within faculties, students and also staffs for a systematic transformation (Hooi et al. 2011).
- Green University Criteria
That is why the green university is seen as manifesting and designing circularity and sustainability as cornerstones in education, from teaching to research and business operations. As Table 8.1 shows, this scheme also provides a common heading and principles for translating the green university criteria into a series of measurements to quantify and assess progress.
The Dutch Practices
In addition, this concept would enable the transformation of the existing environment into new practices within the umbrella of the green university by encouraging people within the university system, i.e. education managers, management staff, researchers, lecturers, students and also other stakeholders to collaborate and create innovative approaches in establishing circular sustainability. Clear statement in vision, mission and sustainability statements. Universities and business schools show good efforts towards circular sustainability;.
The Indonesian Practices
It is up to the university managers to define the direction and shape the implementation process, which is accepted as the main reason causing the difference approach in the way to validate this concept within their institutions. Rather, circular economy (or often referred to as cradle to cradle) and its advocates are seen as a different way of thinking, not just an environmental movement.
The Challenges
In Table 8.4, an attempt is made to identify some possible solutions to the current obstacles presented in the implementation of the Green University in Indonesian universities. Many of the suggestions are in line with examples found in the literature and obtained from interviewees at Dutch universities.
Conclusions
Zero waste to landfill (ZWTL) is one of the most promising concepts for solving organic waste problems. The findings of the combined framework (SOL4FoodWaste) showed that most food considered waste can be processed at different stages.
Introduction
Keywords Organic waste management · Landfill free · Food waste hierarchy · Circular economy · ReSOLVE framework · SOL4FoodWaste. Therefore, an enhanced approach to food waste management is needed to increase the modern level of efficiency.
Literature Review
- Organic Waste Management
- Organic Waste Management in Mexico
- Waste Management at Walmex
- Zero Waste to Landfill (ZWTL)
- Waste Hierarchy
- Food Waste Hierarchy
- Reduction
- Food Donation
- Animal Feeding
- Anaerobic Digestion Technology
- Circular Economy (CE)
- ReSOLVE Framework
Thus, the collection of recycled waste remains very weak in most locations in the country (Thi et al. 2015). This is a well-known technology that has been implemented in various countries around the world (Thi et al. 2015).
Methodological Approach
- Case Study
- Data Collection
- Data Analysis
- Circular Business Model Analysis
However, the analysis of the information through the waste hierarchy was limited to the evaluation of environmental performance. Firstly, the proposed strategy was confronted with two scenarios implemented through the ReSOLVE framework, namely the inner circle of the loop and the priority given because it guarantees a longer and more efficient use of resources towards an integrated circular business model .
Findings
- Current State of Organic Waste Management at the Walmex’s Store
- ZWTL Strategy at Walmex’s Store
- Reduction
- Feed People in Need
- Feed Livestock
- Biodigester and Energy Recovery
This framework was implemented in accordance with the adaptation of the food waste hierarchy developed by Papargyropoulou et al. The biodigestion plant can be fed daily by two groups of food waste (fruit and vegetables and bakery and pastry).
Discussion
- The ReSOLVE Framework Towards a Circular Business Model
- Closed-Loop System
- Share, Optimise and Closed-Loop System
In addition, financial benefits can be easily identified as shown in Table 9.1; savings on energy bills could be up to 18%. And finally, a closed loop using a biodigester accounted for 50% of the food waste stream (see Figure 9.2).
Conclusions and Recommendations
- Recommendations for Further Research
When Share and Optimize are summed up, the savings reached 23% compared to the total cost of the deposited food. Nevertheless, the savings can be greater by adding the energy bill savings in gas consumption when using the bioring tank.
