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The Correlation of "Muraqabah" with Mental Health and Physical Health
1Masyitoh, 2Andriyani, 3Rohimi Zamzam, 4Murodi, 5Herwina Bahar
1Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Muhammadiyah Jakarta
2Faculty of Public Health, University of Muhammadiyah Jakarta
3,5Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Muhammadiyah Jakarta
4Dakwah and Communication Studies, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta Email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health stipulates the definition of health as a healthy condition, both physically, mentally, spiritually and socially that allows everyone to live socially and economically productive. Spiritual health can be in the form of a strong relationship with Allah (taqarrub ilallah), muraqabah, namely the belief that Allah always sees him and feels that Allah is always watching him, his willingness to share and provide benefits for others, strong worship, strong dhikr, and has a strong intention to carry out Allah’s law. In a healthy soul, will be born and a strong body will appear.
If someone has a high sense of trust in God, has a very close relationship with God, is easy to receive guidance/guidance, has a very high sense of caring for others, then in this case a strong physique will also be born even though it is possible (physically) at first (considered) weak. Muraqabah is also defined as an earnest effort to live our life and mysticism in the best way through harmony between the content of the heart and appearance under the supervision of Allah SWT, by believing that Allah always sees all human conditions hear and know their words, their circumstances then determine their destiny, and always see the deeds they do and record them. Through murāqabah one watches over their heart (spiritual) and gains an understanding of the heart’s relationship with its creator and its environment.
Keywords: muraqabah, mental health, physical health
Background
The Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health stipulates the definition of health as a healthy condition, both physically, mentally, spiritually and socially that allows everyone to live socially and economically productive. Spiritual health can be in the form of a strong relationship with Allah (taqarrub ilallah), muraqabah, namely the belief that Allah always sees him and feels that Allah is always watching him, his willingness to share and provide benefits for others, strong worship, strong dhikr, and has a strong intention to carry out Allah's law. (Sabry & Vohra, 2013)
In a healthy soul, will be born and a strong body will appear. If someone has a high sense of trust in God, has a very close relationship with God, is easy to receive guidance/guidance, has a very high sense of caring for others, then in this case a strong physique will also be born even though it is possible (physically) at first (considered) weak. (Koenig, 2012)
Murāqabah or in Arabic: ةبقا is Sufi meditation. The word murāqabah comes from the root word rā- qāf-bā. This root word has the meaning of guarding and supervising, with the hope of being aware of any
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changes, specificities or abnormalities of certain things. It is also a third form of verb, which gives an exaggerated connotation, and partnership. This implies that people one who performs murāqabah is a very diligent and hard worker, with the hope that others will do the same. In Wikipedia it is stated, according to al-Qushayrī and al-Jurjānī murāqabah is an effort to make people realize that their God is always watching over His subordinates. Not only so that people are always in full awareness of being watched, but they are also aware that their God is also watching, creating a reciprocal relationship. (Harianti et al., 2022)
The meaning of "muraqabah" according to Fethullah Gülen is: putting something under attention, waiting, watching, and living under the feeling of being watched. For the Sufis, muraqabah is: Rely on Allah with all one's heart, through severing ties with everything other than Allah s.w.t.; live a life of curbing lust for forbidden things; and manage life under the light of Allah's commandments with full faith that Allah's knowledge is always all-encompassing. (Arslan, 2014)
Muraqabah is also defined as an earnest effort to live our life and mysticism in the best way through harmony between the content of the heart and appearance under the supervision of Allah SWT, by believing that Allah always sees all human conditions; hear and know their words, their circumstances then determine their destiny, and always see the deeds they do and record them. (Sulaiman, 2016)
Through murāqabah one watches over their heart (spiritual) and gains an understanding of the heart's relationship with its creator and its environment. Murāqabah is the core concept of arīqas (Arabic:
"Sufis"). The purpose of murāqabah is to cleanse one's basic character and develop noble character. (Oloan
& Heni, 2021)
The explanation of this muraqabah is stated in the Qur'an: QS Yunus 10:61
دوُهُش ْمُكْيَلَع اانُك الَِإ ٍلَمَع ْنِم َنوُلَمْعَت َلَ َو ٍٍۢناَء ْرُق نِم ُهْنِم ۟اوُلْتَت اَم َو ٍٍۢنْأَش ىِف ُنوُكَت اَم ََ
وۚ ِهيِف َنوُضيِفُت ْذِإ ا
ِم َرَغْصَأ ٓ َلَ َو ِءٓاَماسلٱ ىِف َلَ َو ِض ْرَ ْلْٱ ىِف ٍٍۢةارَذ ِلاَقْثِ م نِم َكِ بار نَع ُبُزْعَي اَم َو ٍنيِبُّم ٍٍۢبَٰـَتِك ىِف الَِإ َرَبْكَأ ٓ َلَ َو َكِلََٰذ ن
Meaning: "You are not in a situation and do not read a verse from the Qur'an and you do not do a job, but We are witnesses over you when you do it. It does not escape the knowledge of your Lord even though as big as a zarrah (atom) on earth or in the sky. There is nothing smaller and not (also) greater than that, except (all recorded) in a clear book (Lauh Mahfuzh)."
Also in the Qur'an Surah Al-Hadid Verse 4:
َقَلَخ ىِذالٱ َوُه َي اَم َو ِض ْرَ ْلْٱ ىِف ُجِلَي اَم ُمَلْعَي ۚ ِش ْرَعْلٱ ىَلَع َٰىَوَتْسٱ امُث ٍٍۢماايَأ ِةاتِس ىِف َض ْرَ ْلْٱ َو ِت ََٰوَٰـَماسلٱ
ُجُرْخ
ُلَمْعَت اَمِب ُ اللَّٱ َو ۚ ْمُتنُك اَم َنْيَأ ْمُكَعَم َوُه َو ۖ اَهيِف ُجُرْعَي اَم َو ِءٓاَماسلٱ َنِم ُل ِزنَي اَم َو اَهْنِم ري ِصَب َنو
Meaning: “It is He who created the heavens and the earth in six days: Then He resided above the 'Throne. He knows what enters the earth and what comes out of it and what descends from the heavens and what ascends to Him. And He is with you wherever you are. And Allah is All-Seeing of what you do.”
The first steps in muraqabah are: Prioritizing what God puts first and making it a priority, magnifying what is considered big by Allah ta'ala, and considering small what is considered small by Allah
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SWT. Believing that Allah is always present, looking at, and seeing all of our circumstances, surrendering our hearts to His will and desires, prioritizing His desires above ours, and by believing in the Quran Surah Al-Ahzab (33) verse 52:
ا بيِقار ٍٍۢء ْىَش ِ لُك َٰىَلَع ُ اللَّٱ َناَك َو ...
Meaning: "…and Allah is All-Way of all things."
The second stage of muraqabah is: as a servant, relying on Allah, "presenting" Allah in the heart, while waiting for the abundance of Divine grace into his heart with patience, determination, and introspection. The most important element of muraqabah is muhasabah, which is an effort to find faults and sins that may exist, and to mobilize all five senses to gain courage. In muhasabah, a person can find the truth in his heart which is then implemented in his behavior. Awareness supervised by knowledge and the will of Allah SWT will make him always be introspective. (Sulaiman, 2016)
The Relation of Muraqabah with Mental and Physical Health
In a healthy soul, will be born and a strong body will appear. If someone has a high sense of trust in God, has a very close relationship with God, is easy to receive guidance/guidance, has a very high sense of caring for others, then in this case a strong physique will also be born even though it is possible (physically) at first (considered) weak. One example recorded in history is Bilal bin Rabah, who was physically not strong enough, thin, black. But because his soul was healthy, his trust in Allah was high, and he was willing to accept guidance, so even though his body was crushed by a stone in the scorching heat of the sun above the desert, when he was physically abused by his master, Umayyad, extraordinary physical strength emerged, which remove all pain from the abuse. (Koenig, 2012)
Septiani in research on the implementation of muraqabah in strengthening the memory of prolanis patients to Allah: A case study at the UPTD Puskesmas Cidahu, Kec. Cidahu, Kab. Kuningan found that Muraqabah can also affect one's memory and thoughts. (Septiani, 2021) Based on the results of research by Syafri et al in the journal "Self-Research as a Media for Overcoming Juvenile Delinquency" it was concluded that through self-reflection activities in the form of client centered therapy such as muraqabah, muhasabah, mujahadah, and mu'atabah had shown positive results in tackling juvenile delinquency (Juvenile Delinquency) in class X Madrasah Muallimin Muhammadiyah where students are committed to stop repeating their juvenile delinquency. (Syafri, 2018)
The practice of muraqaba is recommended not only for spiritual purposes, but also for mental and emotional disorders such as major depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, personality disorder, and attention- deficit disorder. Some even advocate the physical benefits of muraqaba such as blood pressure control, increased life expectancy, improved vision, reduced blood fat, improved heart performance, hearing, increased immunity, increased red blood corpuscles, insomnia, etc. (Isgandarova, 2018)
47 Muraqabah in Public Health
2020 is the year that Covid-19 was declared a pandemic and until now we are still trying to overcome it. The government's efforts to break the chain of transmission of Covid-19 continue to be carried out. One way to stop the spread of Covid-19 is to ensure 3Ts, namely tracing/tracking, testing/checking, treatment/handling) and 5M (wearing masks, washing hands, and keeping a distance, away from crowds, reducing mobility). During the time of Ibn Sina, there was a pandemic known as the Black Death or Black Death. At that time Ibn Sina conveyed his pearls of wisdom as a form of muhasabah and muraqabah in tackling the pandemic. In the face of Covid-19, peace of mind is very necessary.(Alghamdi, 2021)
In Surah At-Taghabun Verse 11, Allah SWT says:
ٍۢنِمْؤُي نَم َو ۗ ِ اللَّٱ ِنْذِإِب الَِإ ٍةَبي ِصُّم نِم َباَصَأ ٓاَم ميِلَع ٍء ْىَش ِ لُكِب ُ اللَّٱ َو ۚ ۥُهَبْلَق ِدْهَي ِ اللَّٱِب
Meaning: "No misfortune befalls a person except with Allah's permission, and whoever believes in Allah, He will guide his heart. And Allah is Knower of all things.
The practice of muraqaba is recommended not only for spiritual purposes, but also for mental and emotional disorders such as stress, major depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, personality disorders, due to this pandemic. As the solution from Allah swt, namely: Approach Allah with dhikr and worship, then surely the heart will become calm. In The Quran Surah Ar-Ra’d Verse 28, Allah SWT says:
ُبوُلُقْلٱ ُّنِئَمْطَت ِ اللَّٱ ِرْكِذِب َلََأ ۗ ِ اللَّٱ ِرْكِذِب مُهُبوُلُق ُّنِئَمْطَت َو ۟اوُنَماَء َنيِذالٱ
Meaning: …(namely) those who believe and their hearts find peace in the remembrance of Allah.
Remember, only by remembering Allah does the heart find peace.
This pandemic is also a disaster so it must be faced with a rububiyah approach, namely so that the soul is calm and patient. Likewise, what was conveyed in Ibn Sina's aphorisms, namely not getting angry and upset (stressed), calm, and patient. All that we can achieve with the 2M concept, namely muhasabah and muraqabah, plus taqarrub to Allah SWT. The government has promoted the 5M Campaign in an effort to overcome this Covid-19 pandemic, and it will be very effective if added 2M, namely Muhasabah and Muraqabah. First, muhasabah, is introspection or evaluation. Because the calamity that comes in the form of this pandemic cannot be separated from the consequences of human actions. With self-introspection and promoting good deeds, may it be the cause of the descent of blessings and goodness, and the lifting and elimination of all forms of calamity. (Firdausi et al., 2020) In the Quran Surah Ash-Shu’ara verse 30:
ٍٍۢنيِبُّم ٍٍۢء ْىَشِب َكُتْئ ِج ْوَل َوَأ َلاَق
Meaning: "And whatever calamity befalls you, it is caused by the deeds of your own hands, and Allah forgives most of (your faults)." (Ash-Shu’ara: 30).
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Second, muraqabah, which means feeling always seen and watched by Allah Ta'ala. (Pawennay, 2021). If every Muslim always believes in himself and presents muraqabatullah in himself then he will be afraid of evil and if every Muslim likes to muhasabahi himself because he is afraid of the calculation of the hereafter, then: a safe society will be realized because all have WasKat. Thus, an independent monitoring system will be formed, and the reasons for public disobedience because there are no sanctions for violations of health protocols will be minimized, even eliminated, because they are aware that Allah SWT will always supervise, and Allah's sanctions in the hereafter are heavier than sanctions in this world. (Firdausi et al., 2020)
This pandemic condition must be a momentum for all of us to muhasabah, muraqabah, and fear Allah SWT. If the Muslims are able to become "ustadziatul 'alam" and khalifatullah fil Ardhi then the world will be free from disaster, damage & the wrath of Allah.
Conclusion
Spiritual health can be in the form of a strong relationship with Allah (taqarrub ilallah), muraqabah, namely the belief that Allah always sees him and feels that Allah is always watching him, his willingness to share and provide benefits for others, strong worship, strong dhikr, and has a strong intention to carry out Allah's law. Muraqabah is also defined as an earnest effort to live our life and mysticism in the best way through harmony between the content of the heart and appearance under the supervision of Allah SWT, by believing that Allah always sees all human conditions; hear and know their words, their circumstances then determine their destiny, and always see the deeds they do and record them. The first steps in muraqabah are: Prioritizing what Allah puts first and making it a priority, magnifying what is considered big by Allah ta'ala, and considering small what is considered small by Allah SWT. The second stage of muraqabah is:
as a servant, relying on Allah, "presenting" Allah in the heart, while waiting for the abundance of Divine grace into his heart with patience, determination, and introspection. This pandemic condition must be a momentum for all of us to muhasabah, muraqabah, and fear Allah SWT.
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