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Zabihi, A., Tsang, H.-H., Gad, E., dan Wilson, J. L. (2016). Retrofitting RC Beam-Column Joint in Australia using Single Diagonal Haunch. Australian Earthquake Engineering Society 2016.
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.07.100
139 Lampiran A State of the art
Tabel A State of the Art penelitian yang terkait dan kebaruan (novelty) disertasi
Peneliti
Self Compacting Geopolymer Concrete
(SCGC)
Haunch Beton Konvensional
Balok Prismatis Beton Geopolimer
Haunch Beton Geopolimer
Sendi Plastis/Pola
Retak
Daktilitas Kurvatur/Daktilitas
Displacement Mörsch (1909)
-
Pertama kali melakukan penelitian balok haunch beton tanpa sengkang dengan sudut haunch: α
=18.40o.
- - - -
Thurston (1982)
-
Balok beton bertulang haunch meningkatkan kekakuan, kekuatan dan ketahanan struktur sehingga gejala debonding di HBK dapat dihindari.
- - Pola retak
diamati -
Sumajouw et al. (2005)
- -
Perilaku dan kekuatan balok beton bertulang prismatis dari beton geopolimer
- Pola retak
diamati
Daktilitas displacement dianalisis
Sumajouw dan Rangan (2006)
- -
Beton geopolimer berbasis fly ash rendah kalsium untuk balok dan kolom beton bertulang.
- - -
140
Tena-Colunga et al., (2008)
-
Balok haunch dengan berbagai sudut α mendukung aksi haunch dan panjang haunch sebagai mekanisme kegagalan penahan utama. Studi ini membahas kapasitas deformasi dan mekanisme kuat geser balok haunch beton bertulang.
- -
Pola retak diamati pada penelitian ini
-
Mufti (2008)
-
Kapasitas haunch beam beton bertulang lebih besar, sehingga struktur menjadi lebih kuat dalam menahan beban.
- - - -
Nuruddin et al. (2011) Pengaruh
superplasticizer dan molaritas NaOH terhadap workability, kuat tekan dan sifat mikrostruktur SCGC.
- - - - -
Nghiep (2011)
-
Meneliti tentang desain geser balok beton prismatis dan balok haunch tanpa sengkang.
- - - -
141
Demie et al. (2011) Pengaruh suhu curing dan penambahan superplasticizer terhadap workability dan kuat tekan SCGC.
- - - - -
Dattatreya et al. (2011)
- -
Perilaku lentur balok prismatis beton bertulang dari beton geopolimer.
- Pola retak
diamati Kurva P-Δ didapat.
Ng et al. (2012)
-
Penelitian tentang perilaku balok haunch komposit baja-beton. Eksperimen
dilakukan untuk
menyelidiki perilaku beban ultimit balok komposit haunch.
- - Pola retak
diamati -
Demie et al. (2011) Pengaruh
superplasticizer dan extra water terhadap workability dan kuat tekan SCGC.
- - - - -
Memon et al., (2013) Pengaruh silika-fume pada sifat beton segar dan mengeras dari beton geopolimer self-
- - - - -
142
compacting berbasis abu terbang (FA).
T. S. Ng et al., (2013)
- -
Penelitian tentang balok beton geopolimer bertulang serat (fiber) baja dalam perilaku geser balok.
- - -
Yost et al. (2013)
- -
Perilaku struktur beton geopolimer berbahan dasar fly ash alkali aktivator: pengujian struktural dan temuan eksperimental.
- - -
Sanni dan Khadiranaikar (2014)
Larutan alkali kombinasi dari larutan natrium silikat dan natrium hidroksida dengan perbandingan 2,50 dan 12 M. Benda uji 150×150×150 mm kubus dan balok bertulang
150×150×2000 mm
Pola keruntuhan benda uji balok mirip balok SCC konvensional.
Andalib et al. (2014)
- -
Kinerja struktural balok beton geopolimer berbahan dasar fly ash
- - -
143
dan abu bahan bakar minyak kelapa sawit berkelanjutan.
Srinivasan et al. (2014)
- -
Investigasi perilaku lentur balok beton geopolimer bertulang fiber glass.
- - -
Devika dan Nath, (2015)
- -
Kajian perilaku lentur balok beton geopolimer bertulang fiber hybrid.
- - -
Ardiansyah (2016)
-
Analisis pengaruh haunch terhadap kekakuan struktur balok beton bertulang dengan sudut haunch: 3.07o, 6.12o, 9.13o, 12.10o.
- -
Pola retak diamati pada penelitian ini dengan variasi sudut haunch 3.07o, 6.12o, 9.13o, 12.10o.
-
Y. H. Ng et al. (2012)
-
Perilaku koneksi balok haunch komposit baja- beton
- - - -
Gumalang et al. (2016) Pengaruh kadar air dan superplasticizer pada
kekuatan dan
kelecakan beton SCGC berbasis fly ash.
- - - - -
144
Hernowo dan Lisantono (2016)
-
Retrofitting sambungan kolom-balok beton bertulang ekspansi planar segitiga dengan variasi ukuran.
- -
Pola retak diamati pada penelitian ini
-
Shivaranjan et al. (2016) Studi tentang self compacting
geopolymer concrete (SCGC) dengan berbagai rasio air terhadap padatan geopolimer.
- - - - -
Prabhu et al. (2016) Penelitian
eksperimental pada beton geopolimer pemadatan mandiri tiga campuran.
- - - - -
Tena-Colunga et al.
(2017b)
-
Penilaian kekuatan geser balok haunch beton bertulang kontinu berdasarkan pengujian siklik dengan sudut haunch:
0o s/d 10o
- -
Pola retak diamati pada penelitian ini
-
Dang dan Dinh (2017)
-
Studi eksperimental kinerja struktur sambungan balok- kolom eksterior RC yang
- - Sendi plastis dan
pola retak diamati -
145
diperkuat dengan jaket baja dan elemen haunch di bawah pembebanan siklik yang menyimulasikan eksitasi gempa.
pada penelitian ini.
Reddy dan Elavenil (2017)
SCGC berbasis fly ash memiliki kuat tekan yang tinggi pada proses heat curing serta kuat tekan yang rendah pada ambient curing. Kehadiran GGBS meningkatkan kekuatan dalam perawatan ambient.
- - - - -
K. M. Reddy dan Kumar (2017)
SCGC berbasis fly ash diganti dengan berbagai persentase
GGBS. Hasil
penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa penambahan GGBS ke SCGC berbasis fly ash, karakteristik
kemampuan kerja menurun dan kekuatan
- - - - -
146
meningkat dengan meningkatnya konten pengikat.
K. M. Reddy dan Kumar (2017b)
Karakteristik
kemampuan kerja sifat
kekuatan dan
karakteristik daya tahan SCGC berbasis abu terbang rendah kalsium dinilai dengan penggantian yang berbeda.
- - - - -
Muttashar et al. (2017) Mechaninal properties garnet bekas SCGC sebagai pengganti agregat halus
- - - - -
Albitar et al. (2017)
- -
Perilaku geser balok beton geopolimer tanpa sengkang.
- - -
Naganur et al. (2017) Kajian SCGC dengan rasio alkaline activator dan alkaline activator yang berbeda dengan rasio pengikat semen.
- - - - -
Patel dan Shah (2018) Pengembangan beton
geopolimer pemadatan - - - - -
147
sendiri sebagai bahan konstruksi yang berkelanjutan.
Akbar et al. (2019)
-
Usulan novel strengthening, berupa RC haunch pada sambungan balok-kolom akan meningkatkan kekakuan dan kekuatan struktur dengan sudut haunch : 33.7o.
- - - -
Tena-Colunga et al.
(2020)
-
Teknik perkuatan yang digunakan adalah outer beam jacketing, terdiri dari wire mesh baja ringan yang ditutup dengan grout setebal 2 cm. Balok diuji dengan pembebanan monotonik.
- -
Pola retak diamati pada penelitian ini
-
Al Jawahery et al. (2019)
-
Investigasi perilaku dari Reinforced Concrete Haunched Beams (RCHBs) yang direhabilitasi dengan strip Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP).
- -
Pola retak diamati pada penelitian ini
-
148
Akbar et al. (2019)
-
Teknik strengthening haunch beam concrete yang diusulkan mengurangi kerusakan sendi dan meningkatkan kekakuan struktural, kekuatan, dan keuletan.
- -
Sendi plastis dan pola retak diamati pada penelitian ini
-
Sawant dan Saudagar (2019)
Balok haunch dengan luas penampang yang bervariasi akan lebih efisien dan ekonomis untuk balok bentang besar. Haunch balok lebih efisien, hemat bahan, menyediakan lebih tinggi di bentang tengah, geser lebih baik tahan, dll.
Akbar, Ahmad, Rizwan, et al., (2020)
-
Solusi retrofit berupa haunch beam beton adalah memungkinkan elemen balok-kolom mengalami deformasi secara inelastis dan menghilangkan energi seismik.
- -
Sendi plastis dan pola retak diamati pada penelitian ini
-
Gülşan et al. (2018) Pengembangan beton
geopolimer self - - - - -
149
compacting berbasis fly ash/slag menggunakan nano silika dan serat baja.
Srinvas et al. (2019) Kajian Sifat Geopolimer Self Compacting Concrete dengan bahan GGBS, NaOH, Na2SiO3, Agregat (F.A + C.A), NaCl.
- - - - -
(Gülşan et al., 2018) SCGC terdiri dari 50%
fly ash (FA) dan 50%
ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) dengan alkali konstan aktivator untuk rasio pengikat 0.5. Aktivator basa digunakan Na2SiO3
dan NaOH dengan rasio (Na2SiO3/NaOH) 2.5.
Rahman dan Al-Ameri (2021)
SCGC yang baru dikembangkan dalam kondisi ambient.
- - - - -
150
Rahman dan Al-Ameri (2021)
Formulasi SCGC mortar yang diusulkan : Fly Ash = 20.93% ; Slag = 15.70% ; Micro FA = 5.23% ; Sodium Metasilicate Activator
= 4.19% ; Fine Aggregate = 33.26% ; Water = 20.70%.
Purwanto (2021)
“Self Compacting Geopolymer Concrete (SCGC) Haunch sebagai Perkuatan Balok Lentur di Zona Dekat Muka Kolom”
Ditemukan komposisi SCGC untuk perkuatan balok haunch : agregat kasar 42% ; agregat halus 28% ; fly ash (FA) 19.5% ; alkaline activator (AA) 10.5% ; superplasticizer 2%
dari FA ; extra water 11.7% dari binder (FA+AA) ; extra cement 5.77% dari binder (FA+AA).
Alkaline activator (AA) terdiri dari NaOH 12 M dan Na2SiO3 Be 52 dengan
Dilakukan penelitian balok prismatis dan balok haunch beton konvensional dengan mutu beton normal (fc’= 31 MPa) dengan beban monotonik.
Dilakukan penelitian balok haunch dengan variasi sudut haunch beton geopolimer SCGC dengan mutu beton normal (fc’=31 MPa) dengan beban
monotonik.
Sendi plastis pada balok prismatis (BC) dan balok haunch BG0.5 terjadi tepat di muka kolom, sedang balok haunch
konvensional (BK1.0) maupun balok haunch geopolimer (BG1.0)
terjadinya sendi plastis bergeser di ujung balok haunch (680 mm
Peningkatan daktilitas displacement (μdBK balok haunch konvensional (BK1.0) sebesar 43.40%
dan balok haunch geopolimer (BG1.0) sebesar 25.10% serta
balok haunch
geopolimer (BG0.5) sebesar 3.91%.
Peningkatan daktilitas kurvatur (μφBK balok haunch konvensional (BK1.0) sebesar 46.89%
dan balok haunch geopolimer (BG1.0) sebesar 32.03% serta
151
perbandingan NaOH : Na2SiO3 = 1.0 : 2.5.
dari muka
kolom).
Sendi plastis (plastic hinge) dapat bergeser pada ujung haunch dengan syarat minimal sudut haunch (α sebesar 19.07o atau tinggi haunch (h) minimal sebesar 0.7 × tinggi balok prismatis (0.7×H).
Pola retak (crack pattern) balok haunch dan balok prismatis akibat beban monotonik menunjukkan bahwa pola retak balok prismatis dimulai dari propagasi retak di muka kolom dan
untuk balok haunch geopolimer (BG0.5) mengalami peningkatan sebesar 7.23%.
152
balok haunch di ujung haunch (680 mm dari muka kolom).
153 Tabel B Data beban – lendutan pengujian balok BC dan BG0.5
No. BC-01 BC-02 BG0.5-01 BG0.5-02
P (kN) Δ (mm) P (kN) Δ (mm) P (kN) Δ (mm) P (kN) Δ (mm)
1 0 0.233 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 11.365 1.167 8.493 0.726 6.061 0.262 6.465 0.250 3 19.833 2.100 17.880 1.922 14.949 1.029 16.162 0.000 4 30.084 4.200 26.599 4.051 25.455 2.798 25.051 0.499 5 41.671 6.533 37.105 6.419 35.556 4.816 34.343 1.747 6 54.819 8.867 47.835 8.320 46.465 6.586 44.040 3.494 7 59.053 9.567 53.200 9.504 57.778 8.356 54.949 4.992 8 61.950 10.267 59.011 10.690 69.091 9.877 69.899 6.988 9 63.733 14.000 56.779 12.086 80.404 11.399 84.848 8.735 10 67.298 21.233 57.901 14.894 90.909 12.918 93.737 10.483 11 68.412 28.933 59.921 20.275 96.162 14.177 98.990 17.720 12 68.858 33.367 61.939 24.956 94.141 15.420 97.374 24.709 13 69.972 41.067 61.947 30.098 99.798 20.174 98.586 31.697 14 70.641 49.467 61.509 35.238 101.414 25.918 100.202 39.933 15 71.532 57.633 63.082 40.618 102.626 33.159 100.606 50.915 16 71.755 65.567 62.867 46.461 102.626 38.400 102.626 59.651 17 72.423 74.200 63.545 51.137 106.263 48.890 105.051 71.880 18 73.092 81.667 65.117 56.050 107.475 57.378 106.667 82.612 19 73.538 88.667 65.126 61.192 108.283 65.866 106.667 88.602 20 73.983 94.267 64.462 65.163 109.091 73.854 104.242 96.589 21 74.206 99.867 66.036 71.712 108.283 81.590 104.646 105.574 22 74.652 105.700 66.939 77.324 109.495 89.329 105.051 114.060 23 75.097 112.233 67.398 85.038 110.303 96.569 105.455 122.047 24 75.097 117.600 67.185 91.114 111.919 106.056 106.263 129.784 25 75.097 124.833 68.087 96.726 113.535 114.546 107.071 135.275 26 68.991 102.572 114.747 120.788 107.475 139.767
27 69.672 109.820 115.960 127.779
28 69.458 115.428 116.768 135.018
29 69.467 120.804 117.576 139.762
30 70.593 126.650
154 No. P (kN) Δ (mm) P (kN) Δ (mm) P (kN) Δ (mm) P (kN) Δ (mm)
1 0 0 0 0 0.392 0 0 0
2 11.864 0.250 10.282 0.250 12.549 0.751 9.439 0.267 3 28.050 1.503 18.983 0.501 21.961 1.002 22.812 1.042 4 44.689 3.005 29.661 1.002 30.980 1.753 33.432 2.063 5 56.554 4.758 41.130 2.254 40.392 2.504 43.267 3.333 6 66.836 6.010 51.808 3.005 48.627 3.756 52.709 4.852 7 77.910 7.012 62.881 4.758 61.961 5.259 62.150 5.871 8 88.983 8.264 71.582 5.509 77.255 7.012 81.032 7.908 9 98.079 9.265 82.260 6.761 90.980 8.264 88.506 8.673 10 105.593 10.017 94.520 8.013 102.353 9.516 97.947 9.691 11 109.548 13.773 104.407 9.015 111.765 13.773 106.994 10.709 12 115.085 19.533 111.921 9.766 115.294 19.533 103.852 11.955 13 118.249 25.793 116.271 11.770 115.686 25.793 108.188 15.970 14 119.435 30.050 119.831 16.027 117.647 33.306 112.133 20.735 15 121.017 36.060 123.785 19.282 120.000 41.319 117.264 27.756 16 121.017 41.068 124.576 26.544 120.000 49.583 117.286 36.270 17 119.831 50.584 124.576 35.309 121.961 57.596 116.123 42.528 18 120.226 57.346 124.576 41.820 123.137 63.856 117.715 50.044 19 120.226 64.107 123.390 49.332 123.922 69.866 117.337 55.552 20 119.831 70.367 122.203 54.591 122.353 77.379 118.925 61.315 21 121.017 76.377 122.599 59.098 122.353 85.643 119.726 67.076 22 121.017 82.638 123.390 64.608 123.529 95.159 120.533 74.590 23 121.412 88.898 122.994 71.870 124.706 103.923 119.369 80.848 24 121.808 95.409 123.390 77.379 126.667 112.938 120.566 87.361 25 122.994 102.671 122.994 81.636 126.667 122.454 120.595 98.379 26 122.599 110.684 124.181 85.392 124.314 127.963 121.771 99.891 27 122.994 117.195 124.181 90.651 125.882 135.476 121.789 103.640 28 122.994 123.957 124.181 94.658 122.194 108.148 29 123.390 130.968 124.972 99.917 122.601 113.658 30 123.390 136.728 126.158 105.175 123.402 119.169 31 123.785 142.487 126.554 110.184 123.809 124.428 32 123.390 147.496 127.740 116.194 123.821 128.686
33 128.136 121.202 124.622 134.447
34 128.531 125.960 124.238 137.952
35 128.531 131.219
36 128.927 136.227
37 128.531 140.985
38 128.531 144.992
