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SCENARIO-BASED PLANNING
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If a scenario
is plausible
and highlights
operational military
challenges that
pose a significant
threat to US national
security interests,
then senior officials
should be motivated
to begin addressing
these challenges
before they fully
materialize.
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OPERATIONAL CONCEPTS
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Perhaps the
most important
contribution that
scenario-based
planning can make
is to enable and
encourage the
development of
new operational
concepts.
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To maintain their
effectiveness over
the long run, military
organizations
must have the
capacity to develop
and implement
new concepts in
light of changing
circumstances.
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If a new concept gains widespread acceptance, it can drive decisions related to force structure and
organization, training
and doctrine, and
research and
development.
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