Description of new species of North American fishes

PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED ^STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 235

Cheluraterebrans—(Contiuued.

)

133,fig.250,1835.—Bate,Eeport BritisliAssoc.Adv.Sci.,1855, p. 59,pi.

13,fig.3 (autenna),pi.17, fig.10 (integument), 1856;Annals and Maga- zine Nat.Hist.,II,xix, p.150(18),.1857;CatalogueAmpliip. Crust.Brit- isliMuseum, p.285, pi.48, fig. 1,

1862—

Bate and Westwood, ^Britisli sessile-eyed Crust.,i,p.503 (woodcut),1863.—Heller,Beitriigezurniiliercn KenntnissderAmnhipodendesAdriatisc.lienMeeres(DeukschriftenMath.- Naturwissenscli. ClasseKaiseriicheAkad.Wissenschafteu,Wien,xxvi), pp.

52, 61, 1886.—Boeck, Crust.Ampliipodaborealiaet arctica (Christiania Videnskab.-Selskabs Forliandliugerfor 1870), p.173(253),1870; Skandi- naviskeogArktiskeAmphipoder,p. 647,1876.—Metzger, Jahresberickt derComm. ziirwissenscli.Untersuchungderdeutschen Meerefiir1872- 1873,Nordsee,p. 278, 1875.

Nemertes nemoides Leach,White,List Crust. British Museum, p. 90, 1847 {testeWhite, CatalogueBritishCrust., p. 56, 1850).

CheluradestructorAUmau, loc. cit., p. 363,1847 [provisionallyproposed in case theIrishspecimens provedistinctfromPhilippi's species].

LimnoriaxijlophagaHesse,AnnalesdesSci. nat.,Zoologie,Y,x, p. 101, pi.9, 1868.

Chelura ponticaCzexniaYski, Materialiaad zoographiam Ponticam comparatam, p. 95,pi. 7, figs.1-18, 1868.

New

Havex,Octoher16,1879.

DESCRIPTION OF Vi^W SPECSES OF NORTBI AISEBSHAN FISHES.

By DAVID

S.

J1>RDAM.

1.

BOLEOSOMA VEXILLARE,

Sp. IIOV.

AlliedtoBoleosomacffnlgens.

Body

rather short

and

stout; caudal peduncle not contracted;

head

moderate, the

muzzle somewhat

de- curved;eye moderate_;gill

membranes

scarcelyconnected; cheeks

and

breast

naked;

operclesscaly; a

naked

stripin front ofthedorsalfin;

opercularspinemoderately developed^;second dorsal very short

and

high, higher than long_; x)ectorals

and

ventralsnot reachingto anal.

Coloration olivaceous, the sideswithtraces of vertical bars,probably greenishinlife;

male

withthefirstdorsal, ventral,

and

analblack;sec-

ond

dorsal

and

caudal strongly barred with black

and

whiteinfine pattern;

head

black; female not seen,

but

probably without black.

Laterallinecomplete. Scalesverylarge, 4-35-6.

Head

4inlengthtobaseofcaudal; depth4|.

Finrays. Dorsal VIII-10; A. ^I.,7.

Length

oftype 2^inches.

Thisspeciesdiffersfromitsrelatives inthelarger scales

and

the

much

shorter

and

higher seconddorsal. (D.

IX-13

inB.effulgem.)

The

type

was

takenin the

Eappahannock

Eiver at

Warrentou.

Va.,

by

acorrespondentof"Forest

and

Stream,"

and

forwardedto

me

for identification

by

theeditor of that journal,Mr. Charles Hallock,

236 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

2. iSTANOSTOMA

VmCTiPES,

Sp. IIOV.

Allied to ytoiostoma zonule{Poecilichthys zoiudis, Cope).

Body

fusi- form,littlecompressed;

head

short,the suout stronglydecurved; eye 3 in

head

;

mouth

small,horizontal,the

I,not distinguishable

on

the

vomer and

palatines; cheeks, opercles, neck,

and

throat closely scaled; opercular spine well developed5 gill

membranes

broadly connected across the breast.

Firstdorsal rather low,with slender spines; second dorsal shorter

and

ratherhigher; the

two

well separated.

Anal

si^ineshigh, thefirst

much

the higher.

Caudal

moderate, subtruncate. Ventrals pointed, not reachingtothe vent. Pectorals moderate, reaching rather

beyond

tipsof ventrals.

Laterallinecomjilete,with 45scales initscourse.

Colorolivaceous,withabout8obscure darkerlateralshadesor bars, with narrowpaler interspaces.

These

bars

meet

around the

body

be- hindthe vent,but not anteriorly;

back

withGdarkerquadrateshades.

A

darkstreak

downward and

forward

from

eye,

and some

blackmark- ings in front of opercle. Fins all strongly cross-barred with darker, thepectorals

and

ventralsespecially so; spinousdorsalreddishat base, with ablackishedging.

Fin

rays,D.

X-11

;

A.

II,7.

Length

oftypesabout 2^inches.

Thissjieciesdiflersfrom N.zonule inits less compressedl)ody

and

in coloration. In thelatter species theventrals are plain

and

thelateral barsencirclethebellj'.

The

typesofthisspecies,fivein

number,

were takenin atributary of Illinois Eiver, at Naper%ille,111.,

by

Dr. Ernest E. Copeland.

One

of theseisinthe U.S.National

Museum, numbered

23454.

3.

PCECILICHTHYS VIRGATUS,

Sp.nOV.

A

slender species,resembling

an

Mheosfoma, not closely related to

any

ofthe speciesthusfar

made known.

Body

moderatelyelongate,subfusiform, compressed; the

back

some-

what

elevated,thecaudal peduncle ratherdeep;

head

long

and

rather pointed,littlecompressed,rather slender; thesnoutbut^littledecurved;

mouth

ratherlarge,

somewhat

oblique,the maxillary reaching to the l)upil,thelower

jaw

scarcelyshorterthantheupper; teeth small, even, in several rows; eye rather large; gill

membranes

not connected.

Gheeli's, opercles,necl;

and

breastwhollynailed.

Humeral

regionwith

an

enlarged hlaclc scale-UJceprocess as in P.imnctulutvs,Ag,,

and

in the species of Etlieostoma. Posterior border of preopercle obtusely but distinctly crenate-dentate. Scales rather large

—

53 in a longitudinal series,thelaterallinedistinct

on

about 20ofthem.

Colorgreenish,each scale witha small blackish spot, theseforming conspicuouslateralstripesas inEtheostomalineolatum.

Back and

sides

PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 237

withcross-blotches. Verticalfinsfaintlybarred.

Humeral

scale large

and

black.

Head

3ginlengthwithout caudal; depth5.

Fin

rays,D.

IX-10

;

A.

II,8.

Length

oftypes2 to2^inches.

This species differs from its congeners in its form

and

coloration.

From

allexceptP.lepidus, B.

and

G.,itisseparated

by

its

naked

head.

From

^allbutP.piuictulatus,Ag.,bytheblack

humeral

process.

The numerous

typicalexamples were taken

by me

ⁱⁿthe

Rock

Castle Eiver, at Livingston,

Ky.

Their resemblance toEtlieostoma flabellare caused

them

tobe overlookeduntillately.

One

of theseisintheU.S.

National

Museum

^(iSlo. 2345G).

Another

has been forwarded to the British

Museum.

4.

Zygonectes kubeifrons,

sp. nov.

Body

moderately stout,little compressed, not elevated,the caudal peduncledeep;

head

rather long,broad

between

the eyes,flat

above

;

eyes large, 3^ in head, their rangehorizontal;

mouth

rather large.

TeethsmaU, nearly even, in

a

narroic hand. Scales moderate. Dorsal finveryshort

and

small,placed a^little behind the analorabouteven withit,itsposition inthemalesrather

more

posterior; analshort,high inthemales; ventralsverysmall; pectorals small.

Color,malesdarkolivaceous,with adark,bronze-orange spot

on

each scaleposteriorly^,

much

as in

Xenkma

catenatum.

Below

these spots are bright orange. Faint orange,

narrow

verticalbarsalong thelower

and

posteriorpart ofthe body. Verticalfinswith orangespots.

Jaws and

spaceinfront ofeyes bright orange-red_; pairedfins dusky.

Females

almost uniformbrassy-olivaceous,without evidentspots orredluarkiugs.

Head

3^inlengthtobaseofcaudal; depth_3f. D.7or 8; A.8 or9;

lat.1.32; L. transv. 11 or 12^; B.5^; L.2^to 3 inches.

St. Sebastian Eiver, Florida, the

numerous

typescollected

by

Dr.J.

A.

Henshall.

A

larger species than

most

in the genus,

and

withthe dorsalfinlessposterior.

Some

of theseintheU.S.National

]Museum

are

numbered

23150.

5.

ZYGoarECTES

hensiialli,sp.nov.

Body

ratherstout,deep

and

compressed, the profile nearlystraight, the

back

littleelevated,

and

thecaudalpeduncleshort

and

deep;

head

moderate;

mouth

rather small; jaics eachivithaseriesoflong

and

rather slender canine-like teeth,followed by ahandof small teeth; the canines larger inthelower

jaw

;eyelarge; scalesrather large; dorsalfinshort

and

high, inserted slightlybehind the anal in themales, exactlyoppo- siteitinthe females; caudal large; anal fin larger

and

rather lower thandorsal; ventrals quitesmall_; pectoralsmoderate.

General color olivaceous; sidescovered, especially posteriorly,with rather large, irregularly placedorange spots,

which

alsoextend onthe

238 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

verticalfins; dorsaldusky, with a dark bar;

head

without red; caudal

and

anal

more

or less yellow; females obscurely

marked

;

youug

with diffusegreenishverticalbars.

Head

3iiulength to baseofcaudal; depth3i. B.5; D.7or8;

A.

10or 11;iat.1.33; L.transv. 10; L. 3 to_3f.

San

SebastianEiver, Florida, whereitisabundant,in

company

with Jordanella forklfc,Zi/gonectesruhrifrons,

and

other Cyprinodonts, the nu-

merous

typescollected

by

Dr.J.A. Henshall.

Some

of these intheU.

5.National

Museum

are

numbered

23449.

The

largest speciesof the genusstronglyresemblingthe preceding,from which it

may

be

known by

itsdentition,itslargersize,

and

the ditierent coloration.

6.

Ceratichthys lucens,

sp.nov.

Allied toCeraticliihyshUjnttatm(Kirt.).

Body

elongate,compressed,the

back somewhat

elevatedfrom theoc- ciput to the baseof dorsal,thence rapidly declined to the long

and

slender caudal peduncle.

Head

short,compressed,the cheeks nearly vertical; interorbital spacerather broad

and

flat,

somewhat

grooved;

eye verylarge,circular,highup,placed nearly

midway

of thelengthof the

head

; its diameter about equal to the length ofthe snout,

and

scarcely greater than the widthof the interorbital space. Preorbital

bone

large, oblong,conspicuous

and

silvery; suborbital bones rather narrow.

Mouth

ratlier small, horizontal,the lower

jaw

included,the edgeof thepremaxillary

below

theleveloftheeye; themaxillary not reaching totheverticalfrom thefrontoftheorbit. Barbelquite small. Snout boldly

and

abruptlydecurved

much

as inC.amhlops(Raf.), the tipof the snoutthickened,forminga sort of pad.

Scalesmoderate,thin,

and

brightlysilvery. Laterallinedecurvedin front,theuce nearlystraight; about16 scales in front ofthedorsal,42 inthecourseofthelateralline; 5series

above and

4below.

Eows

of scalesalong the

back

converging behind the dorsal

where

the

upper

series

run

out,as inLuxilusconmtus.

Finsratherhigher

and more

falcate thanin Ceratichthyshirpiffatus;

thedorsalfininserted wellforward,directlyoveror slightlyin

advance

ofbaseof ventrals. Pectoral fins pointed,not reaching vent'rals,the ventralsnot reaching thevent.

Teeth4-4,hooked, without grindingsurface.

Colortranslucentgreenishabove;sides

and

belowbrilliant!}"silvery;

eye white; cheeks

and

oj^ercleswith

a

bright silvery lustre;

upper

fins yellowish; lowerunspotted; a slighti)lumbeous lateral shade,but

no

distinct

markings anywhere

either inlarge orsmall specimens.

Length

ofbead contained4^timesin totallengthtobaseofcaudal

;

greatestdepth4 times.

Dorsalrays,I,8; analI, 8.

Length

oflargestof typicalexamples 5J^inches.

PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED ^STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 239

Thisspeciesisdescribed fromtliree examples taken ^at the Falls of tlieOhio.

Two

ofthese are

now

in

my own

collection;the thirdinthe U.S.J^ational

Musenm

is

nnmbered

23462.

Thisspeciesislargerthan theothers of thegenus exceptC.higuttatus

and

the Californian C. symmetricm, (Grd.). In coloration it differs widely from G. higuttatus,whicli species ^is wholly destitute of silvery lustre. Its

head

islikewise shorter

and

blunter,

and

the

mouth

smaller.

The

form ofthe

body

very different.

From

C.amhlops, C.rubrifrons, etc., itdiffers inthe

number

of teeth

and

in the smallerscales.

7.

LuxiLUS

zoNiSTius,sp.nov.

{Codoma eurystomaJordan

&

Brayton,Bull.U.S.Nat.Mus.xii,42,52; not Fhotogenis eimjslomusJordan, Ami.Lye. Nat.Hist.N.Y., 356, 1877.) Allied to Luxilus coccogenis,Cope.

Body

rather stout,compressed, the

back

elevated at thebaseofthedorsalfin,thencerapidly declined, the caudal peduncle rather short

and

slender.

Head

short

and

rather thick5interorbitalspace broad

and

tlat;cheeksnearlyvertical.

Length

of

head

about equalto greatest depthofbody, about4timesinlength to baseof caudal.

Eye

large,longer than snout, about3in head,its

diameter about equalto the interorbital space.

Mouth

comparatively large,oblique; insizeintermediate

between

L. coccogenis

and

L. cornu- tus.

Jaws

about equalinthe closedmouth. Premaxillary on thelevel ofthe pupil; maxillary reachingtoopposite the front oftheeye. Pre- orbital short

and

deep^; suborbitalsnarrow.

Scaleslarge,G-43-3, closelyimbricated

on

thesides ofthe

body where

theyare

much

higher than long. Laterallinestronglydecurved.

Fins moderate. Dorsalfininserted

somewhat

behind thelineofthe ventrals,I, 8, not

much

elevated.

Anal

longer than in the related species,1,10. Pectorals scarcelyreachingventrals;theventrals reach- ing pastthe vent.

Teeth2,4-4,2,hooked, with

narrow

grindingsurface.

Color steel-blue above; sides

somewhat

silvery; dorsal fin with a conspicuous jet black cross-bar about half

way up

; a distinct

round

blackspot at baseof caudal, rather smaller than the^eye,behindthis a cream-colored area,acurved black bar at the shoulder behind

and

above theopercle; topof

head and

baseof pectorals with

dusky

]>unc- tulatioua.

Females and young

specimens

have

thesedark

markings

ob- scure. Males in spring

have

the dorsal cross-bar scarlet

and more

or lessdullferruginous; red on the

head and

caudalfin.

The

^snout is covered withsmall tubercles in spring.

The

types of this species,about 20 ⁱⁿ

number,

ranging from2 to4J inches in length,

were

taken in

Suwannee

^{Creek, a} tributary of the Chattahoochee EiverinNorthern Georgia.

A

few

young

specimensof this species

were mixed

withthetypesof

"P/«ofo</eni6'"eurijstomus,Jor.,aspecies

which

the present one

somewhat

resembles.

The

specimensreferred to

by Jordan and Brayton

(1.c.)as

Codoma

eurystomaarethetypesof the presentspecies. Fhotogenisleu-

240 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

cojms

Jordan &

^{Brayton, Bull. TJ. S. :N'at Miis, XII,} 41, is, I tliink, identicalwith^^Photogenis^^ eurystomns. Tlieteeth ofgennineexamples ofthelatterspecies arealways1,4-4,1.

Those

with theteeth2,4,all belong- toLuxihiszonisfius.

One

ofthe typicalexamples ofthisspeciesis

numbered

23452inthe U.S.National

Museum.

8.

LucANiA GOODEI,

sp.nov.

Allied toLucaniaparva₍Cyprinodon parvus^ Baird

and

Girard).

Body

elliptical,rather elongate, the

back

considerably elevated to apoint just hi frontoftheorigin ofthedorsalfin; thecaudalpedunclerather deep

and

compressed_; greatestdepth contained 4to4^ timesinlength to base of caudal.

Head

short, comparati^^ely narrow,

and

bluntly pointed,itslength contained 3^to 4Jtimes inlengthofbody.

Mouth

small, terminal,both

jaws

with rather large conical canine-like teeth, apparentlyinasingleseries.

Eye

large,near themiddleoftheside of thehead,itsdiameter contained2.;Vto2f timesⁱⁿthelengthofthehead, about equaltothe widthofthe interorbital space. Scales large, their exposed surfaceshigher than long, in about 30 (29 to32) longitudinal

and

7verticalseries.

Humeral

scaleliketheothers.

Finslarge,especially inthe males. Dorsal rays9.

Anal

9. Origin of dorsal about

midway between

snout

and

baseof caudal, conspicu- ously in

advance

of anal.

Height

ofdorsal fininthemalestwo-thirds the lengthofthe head, about equaltothelength ofthebaseofthefin.

In females alittlelower.

Anal

finsimilar

and

nearlyashigh

and

long, beginning nearly

under

the middle of the dorsal.

Caudal

moderate subtruncate. Ventrals long;inthe males reaching thefront of the anal;

inthefemales reachingthe vent. Pectorals reaching pastfront of ven- tralsinbothsexes.

Colorolivaceous,thescaleswitlidarkedgings.

A

verydistinctblack

band

inbothsexesrunning through eye

and

snoutstraight tothebase ofthecaudal,

where

itendsina

round

blackspot. This

band

isabout aswideasaseriesofscales,although developed

on

parts of

two

series.

A

conspicuousblack

band

in both sexes along the lower edgeofthe caudal peduncle, from therootofthe caudalto thevent,dividing

and

passingon eachsideof the analfin. Finsinthefemaleplain. In the

male

Ijasalhalf ofdorsal

and

anal jet black,outerhalfpalewith a black edge. Pectorals

and

especially ventrals alsodark-edged.

Caudal

fin faintlymottled. Verticalfinswith

more

orlessredinlife{pie Goode).

The

typicalspecimens, about 30in

number,

rangingfrom%to 1\ inches in length,were obtained inArlingtonKiver, Florida, a tributary of the St.John's,

by

Prof.G.

Brown

Goode,in

company

with

Gimrdmus

for- mosus, Zygonectes{Gamhusia)arUngtonensis. Theseare

numbered

23505

on

theregisteroftheU.S.National

Museum. The

speciesiswell sep- arated from itscongeners vcnusta

and

pa/rva

by

itsblacklateral

band

and

colored fins.

From

the former the fewertlorsal rays also distin- guishit.

PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 241

9.

XiPHiSTER,

gen.nov. (Fam.Xii)Msterid(e).

(XiphidionGirard, U.S.Pac. R. R. Expl.Fishes. 119; preoccnpicnlinOrtliop- tera; Xiphidium, Serv.)

As

the

name

Xiphidion or

Xiplmlium

is preoccupied for a geuiis of OrMioptera,the

name

XipMsfer,ofsiniihxr etymology,is proposedas a substitute.

The

typical species Xipliidion mucosnm, Girard,

may

be

knowu

asXipliistermueosus.

By

J.

a. €OOFE>«, M.

I>.

Uuiformityinthedatesof arrival of birdsand laying eggs hasusually been considered

among

the "constants of nature" in the temperate zone.

Where

the distinction ofseasonsis well marked, these events are

among

the

most

reliable

phenomena

connected withthe climate,

and

exceptionaldatesarenoted

down

with particularinterest.

Ithas,however,

been

ascertainedthat thereis

much

lessuniformity inthehabits of the

same

species within the tropics. There being

no

changesoftemperature, the division into

wet and

dryseasons,

where

existing,can aloneinfluence them. Itdoesso

by

regulating the

How-

ering

and

fruiting oftrees,etc.,on

which

the foodof birds directly or indirectly

depends

(except inthecasepf aquaticspecies),therapacious kindsfollowingthe vegetivoronsintheirsearchfor food.

Even on

the borderofthe temperate zone, inArizona"and Florida (probably also in Texas),an approacu to the irregularity of tropical habitshas been observed,

some

species laying-^eggsin

autumn,

atthe

end

ofthe rainy season,

and many abandoning

the migratory habits seennorthward.

InCalifornia

we might

e:^pectto tind similar conditions,becauseofthe mildnessofthewintersinthelesselevatedregions,giving us

an

almost subtropical climate.

But

it can only

have an

efiect southof latitude 34°,inthelower partofthe Colorado Valley,if anywhere,sufficiently

marked

tocause thebirdstolayin

autumn, though

^itsinfluenceisseen to

some

extentinthewinteringof several species farthernorth than on theeastcoast.

As

fiir south asfrost extends, v.isich is south of

San Diego and

perhapstoFort

Yuma,

the habits ofthetemperate zone lirevail.

At

Tucson^ Arizona, however,

where

Ca])tain Benuire notice<leggslaid in

autumn,

theadvantageofbeingaboutthirtymilessouthofFort

Yuma

is

compensated

for

by

theelevation being748 feet greater. Tiie

more

barren,almostdesertcharacterof thecountry nearFort

Yuma

isproba- bly thereason

why

suchhabits

among

the birds arenotnoticed,perhaps also because

no

observers

have

looked for

them

at the right season.

The

onlypeculiar climatic influenceobservableinCaliforniaistherefore Proc.Nat.

Mus.

79 10

JasE. ^©,

1

abll.