The Effect of Work Effectiveness on the Curency and Timeliness of the Projects and the Costs Incurred by PT.

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The Effect of Work Effectiveness on the Curency and Timeliness of the Projects and the Costs Incurred by PT.

Prambanan Dwipaka

Hendy Winoto, Koespiadi

Department of Civil Engineering, Narotama University Surabaya, Indonesia

[email protected], [email protected]

Abstract

The effect of work effectiveness on the smoothness and timeliness of the project can be determined by various kinds of research. Research on improving the performance of labor competitiveness will consist of factors of effectiveness, efficiency, quality of work, timeliness, productivity and work safety. The research analysis of this work efficiency factor will consist of planning the allocation of its workforce and the performance of the cost component. Before conducting the research, the project data analysis was carried out in the form of a time schedule.

The data obtained from the project will re-analyzed to get a faster duration of project completion by combining work that can be combined into one time or with parallel work. The analysis focused on the duration and work that can be combined in two schedules at a time and the number of workers produced, while the types of work are in normal conditions and there are additions in certain jobs so that workers, masons, head builders, and foremen are obtained. In this discussion, an analysis of iron work, formwork, casting work, and wall & plastering work is carried out. From the results of the analysis and discussion, the conclusion reached was that there was a delay in the project which included structural work and wall & plastering work on the first floor, second floor, and third floor.

From these delays, it has been analyzed that delays are caused by a lack of workforce, although not significant. The analysis was carried out and it was found that the difference between the number of workers in the planned schedule and the realization schedule contained a minus (-) and a plus (+) value. The minus value means that the existing workforce can be maintained as long as the value is ≤ -1. The plus value means that there are several workers who must be added so that the project can run according to the initial project plan.

Keywords:

Labor Coefficient, Project Delay, Time Schedule, Work Effectiveness.

1. Introduction

The purpose of construction management is to manage the implementation of a construction project so as to obtain optimal result in accordance with the requirements desired by the project owner, the requirements given are usually related to implementation time, construction costs, and the quality of construction buildings, so that there must always be supervision of time, costs, and quality of construction building, starting feom the planning stage to the implementation stage. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of work effectiveness on the smooth running of the project. Then for the limitations of the research are the research in terms of the workforce on the smoothness of the project, the research in terms of the workforce on the timeliness of the project, the research in terms of the labor side of the costs incurred by the project, and the project time schedule as a reference for the duration of each implementation activities. The benefit of this research is being able to apply work effectiveness to the fluency and accuracy of the project.

Scheduling through the estimation process contain an element of uncertainty. The formal way to include uncertainty in scheduling is to analyze the schedule. In this case, the Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM) can be used. Project scheduling is a tool that can indicate when each activity takes place, so that it can be used when palnning activities as well as for controlling overall project implementation. The are various types of project scheduling available, but he two most commonly used are the Bar Chart and the Network Planning. The network enhances the unsatisfactory Bar Chart Method to be applied to complex project, where there are many interdependencies between activities. The goals benefits of making a work plan in general are knowing the time needed to complete a part of the project or project as a whole, knowing the relationship between one job and another, providing funds or finances, as a tool in implementation, and as a coordination tool from the leader (Husein, 2011).

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There are several types of work plans that are known or often used in construction projects. The use of type of work plan for a construction project depends on the type and nature of the construction project being carried out.

Known tupes of work plans include Bar/Gantt Chart, Line Balance Diagram, S Curve, and Network Diagram. The work plan in the form of a network containing the sequences of activities that exist during project implementation.

With a network diagram it ca be immediately seen the relationship of an activity to other activities, so that an activity is late, it can immediately be seen what activites are affected by the delay and how big the effect is. There are three types of network diagrams that can be used namely Critical Path Method, Programme Evaluation and Review Technique, and Precedence Diagramming Method (Widiasanti, 2001).

The following is an example for previous research :

1. The research was conducted by Kusnanto in 2014. The analysis starts feom analyzing the S Curve and reviewing the budget plan (RAB) which the uses the Microsoft Project program. Next, analyze using the Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM), then graph the optimum cost and time relationship for each job. In the work analysis process, the result obtained by rescheduling were 155 days from the original schedule of 174 days and the total budget was Rp.10,367,337,930.00. This research is not necessarily the most efficient in scheduling problems.

2. This research was conducted by Aditya Febriatmoko in 2008. In this final project, the work that will be review is the S Curve and the time schedule in order to obtain the optimum cost and execution time. The Method used is Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM) using Microsoft Project. The rescheduling of the Surabaya Simple Flats and Rent Project caused the implementation time to be reduced to 107 days after rescheduling from the normal 119 days. From the result of this analysis there is a change that is not too significant in terms of direct costs from Rp.4,800,760,956.00 to Rp.4,800,982,741.00. Meanwhile, in terms of indirect costs, the decrease was also not too significant from Rp.196,361,414.00 to Rp.4,997,979,836.00.

2. Methodology

Research methodology is a researcher’s way of thinking in processing data objectively, impartially in the sense that only data that supports the truth of the hypothesis used and ignores data that is not in line with the expectations of the researcher. The types of data used in this research are primary data obtained from interviews.

Interviews were conducted with OHS Staff, Site Manager, and all of the worker who involved into this project structural work. Secondary data is obtained from literature studies, journals, books, and or previous studies. In this research, secondary data was collected first to determine risk indicators that affect work accidents on construction projects. After secondary data is collected, it is continued by collecting primary data.

3. Result and Discussion

3.1. Result

Figure 1. Comparison of the Number of Workforce Planning (Blue) and Realization (Orange) 1^st Floor

Figure 2. Comparison of the Number of Workforce Planning (Blue) and Realization (Orange) 2^nd Floor 0

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Reinforcing Formwork Casting Wall and Plastering

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Figure 3. Comparison of the Number of Workforce Planning (Blue) and Realization (Orange) 3rd Floor

3.2. Discussion

In Figure 1, it can be concluded that the difference between the number of workers in the project plan schedule and the project realization schedule is plus (+) which means that additional workers must be added so that the work can be completed according to the initial project plan.

In Figure 2, it can be concluded that the difference between the number of workers in the project plan schedule and the project realization schedule is plus (+) which means that additional workers must be added so that the work can be completed according to the initial project plan.

In Figure 3, it can be concluded that the difference between the number of workers in the project plan schedule and the project realization schedule is minus (-) for Reinforcing and Formwork, then for Casting is 0, so it can be concluded that there is no need for additional labor because it is already according to the initial project plan.

As for the Wall and Plastering, the result is plus (+) which means it is necessary to add more manpower so that the work can be completed according to the initial project plan.

4. Conclussion

From the result of analysis and discussion, the conclusion obtained is that there is a delay in the project which includes Structural Work and Wall & Plastering on the 1^st Floor and 2^nd Flooe, while the Structural Work and Wall & Plastering on the 3^rd Floor are quite maximal. From these delays, it has been analyzed thet delays are caused by a lack of workforce, although not significant. The analysis was carried out and obtained the difference between the number of workers in the planned schedule and the actual schedule (realization) there was a plus (+) value and a minus (-) value. The plus (+) value means that there are several eorkers that must be added so that the project can run according to the initial project plan. The minus (-) value means that the existing workforce can be maintained as long as the value is ≤ -1. From the discussion that has been carried out and analyzed, it can be concluded that labor efficiency affect the smoothness and timeliness of the project. Although it is not significant, it can cause the project to experience delays which create a “domino effect” on subsequent works.

Acknowledgements

Praise and gratitude to Allah SWT who ahs given His mercy and grace to the author so that the author can complete the final project with the title “The Effect of Work Effectiveness on the Curency and Timeliness of the Projects and the Costs Incurred by PT. Prambanan Dwipaka” as one of the requirements to complete the Bachelor Program at the Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Narotama University Surabaya. The author realizes that this thesis could not be completed without the help of various parties. For this reason, the writer would like to say thankyou to those who have helped in the preparation of this thesis, namely :

1. Praise and gratitude to Allah SWT, the great and all-powerful Essence who has given the author strength in the preparation of this final project.

2. My beloved father and mother who have provided moral and material support as well as unceasing prayers.

3. Mr. Dr. Ir. Koespiadi, M.T., as a supervisor who has provide a lot of direction, input and motivation in guiding the author to be able to complete this thesis well.

4. The dean and head of the Narotama University Surabaya study program who have directed and guided during the final project.

5. All lecturers of the Civil Engineering study program for all tehir knowledge and guidance.

6. All laboratory assistants and civil engineering administrative staff for all their contributions so that this final project can be completed.

7. All friends of the Faculty of Engineering who have provided support in the form of prayers and cooperation that will never be forgotten.

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References

Febriatmoko, Aditya, Time Schedule and S Curve Analysis With Precedence Digramming Method With House Construction Project Simple Arrangement and Rent Surabaya, Institute Technology Surabaya, 2008.

Husein, Abrar, Project Management Planning, Scheduling, and Project Control, Yogyakarta, 2011.

Kusnanto, Analysis of Project Scheduling with Precedence Diagramming Method, Medan: University of North Sumatra, 2014.

Widiasanti, I., & Lenggogeni, Construction Management, Bandung: PT. Rosdakarya Teens, 2013.