The eggs of <I>Ceresa bubalus</I>, Fab. and those of <I>C. taurina</I>, Fitch

ponds.

Mr. Schwarz

further asked

whether any

^one

had

ever seen one of thesebugs ^rise again ^after falling to the pavement,

and whether any

^{one had noticed}

them

inthe

morning

^inthe

same numbers

in

which

they occurred^at night. In otherwords,

what becomes

of those individuals

which

fall to the

pavement?

^Dr.

Gill said he

had

noticed the insects

most abundant

at the _lights nearest the fish'

ponds and

gradually diminishing about lights further

away. Mr. Schwarz

said that in hisexperience ^electric lights are

much

less attractive to insects

now

than

when

_they

were

^first introduced.

He

believes that the insectsare gradually

becoming accustomed

^{to the} lights. Prof. Riley ^{said that this} statement, ^iftrue, ^isof extreme interest, as ^it involves the ques tion of the heredity of the

knowledge

^{that it is} injurious ^to the species ^to flyto the _light. In reference to the _flight, it

was

ex traordinaryonly because ^{of the size of the} species, since all the Heteroptera^{use their} hemelytra ⁱⁿ flight.

Prof. Riley^{also read the}followingpaper^:

THE EGGS OF CERESA BUBALUS

Fab.

AND THOSE OF

C.

TAURINA

Fitch.

BY

C.

V. RILEY.

In the fifth report

on

the insects of Missouri,

page

121, ^I have described

and

_figured the eggs

and

egg-punctures ^of

what was

then considered to bethe Buffalo Tree-hopper, Ceresa bubahis Fab.

The

egg-punctures ^there described consisted of a

row

of

more

or less straight, slightly raised slits in the bark, ⁱⁿ each of

which

is an _oval, dark-colored egg. ^I described

and

_figured various stages ^of the insect

which was

reared

from

these eggs,

and which was

determined

from

the only bred

and somewhat

undeveloped^individualasbelongingto this species.

Of

lateyears theeggs ^{of this} species have been described

and

referred to

by

several

Western

_{writers, especially}

by

our fellow-member,

Mr.

Marlatt,

who

_published ^{a full}

and

illustrated account of

them

as observed

by him

in Kansas,

and

calls attention to the error in

my ^own

^{account above referred to} (Trans. Kans.

Ac.

_Sc., Vol.

x, pp. 84-5, 1885-6).

The

_eggs

and

egg-punctures ^{as there} figured are quite ^different

from

those

which

I illustrated and described,

and

_agreewithothers

which

I have been familiarwith for

many

years but never reared.

An

explanation ^{of this dis} crepancyis, therefore, very^desirable.

Careful

comparison

^of

my

^{bred material with the material in}

the

Museum,

^{in connection with Fitch's}

own

_types,

and some

ex aminationsof the lastventral

segment

^{that have been}

made

for

me _{by Mr. Ashmead,}

_explain the apparent discrepancies,

and

FIG.6. CeresataurinaFitch:a,adult female, dorsalview; b,one-halflateralviewofsame; c,ventralviewof_tipoffemaleabdomenwithlastventral arcstillmore_enlargedatside; d\

lateralviewofsame;e,antenna;f, portion ofhindtibia allenlarged fromInsect Life.

the insect

which

I reared is in realityFitch's

taurina and

not the typical bubalus*

The

latter is a larger insect, with broader

body and

especially with broader prothoracic parts

and more

FIG.7. CeresataurinaFitch:a, sinele egg-puncture enlarged;

6,rowof puncturesⁱⁿtwig, naturalsize (afterRiley).

prominent prothoracic horns.

The

last ventral

segment

^has a _distinct, simple, median, ^{rather acute notch,}

and

is very

little longer than the

two

_{preceding segments united,} the

emargination ^rather acutely triangular

and

_extending about

half

way

^{or a little}

^more

^{than half}

way,

^{to the base of the}

segment

^; the posterior

margin

obliquely truncate ^to the rounded hind angle, not sinuate^; thevalves shorterthan the middletibiae.

FIG. 8. Ceresa tau^ina Fitch : a, larva; b,

nymph,(afterRiley).

ex

FIG. 9 Ceresa tau- rina Fitch: dorsal and lateral views of adult, natural size (after Riley).

In

taurina

the prothoracic hornsarelessprominent,^thelastven

tral

segment

^{isa little} longerthan the three preceding segments united, theemargination extending ^{tothe basalone-fifth}

and

_very

FIG.10. Ceresabubalus Fab.:a, female; b,enlargementof anteriorfootofsame; c,do.of antenna;d, do.ofwing^; e,lastventralsegment^{of female;}f, ventralviewoftip^ofabdomen of female,showing ^terminal segments and ovipositor; g, ^{do. lateral} view; k,penultimate ventralsegment^otmale; /,ventralviewoftipofabdomenofmale allenlarged from Insect Life.

narrow

at itsorigin.

The

hind

margin from

^{hereisratherdeeply}

and

_{broadly sinuate,} with the hind angles well rounded.

The

differences

between some

of thesmallerspecimens^ofbubalus

and

the larger specimens ^of

taurina

are not very ^{noticeable at first.}

The

^slitsof thisCeresa

taurina

Fitch

were

mistaken

by him

for the crescent cuts of the

Plum

_Curculio, while he very strangely describes the eggs ^of

what we know now

_belong ^to

CEcanthus

niveus, or the

Snowy

Tree-cricket,^as of the Ceresa bubalus. I

am

familiarwithvarious otherkindsofsmallegg-punctures^inthe twigs ^ofvarious plants, undoubtedlyof species belonging ^tothe

Membracidae

or Fulgoridae, but have reared

and

identified the parent only ^{in the case of} Pceciloptera [Orminis~\

pruinosa Say

^and

Enchenopa

^binotata

Say, ^the punctures ^{of this last} being hidden witha white,

waxy,

ribbed covering, which, ^{as al} ready pointed ^out

(Am.

Nat., xv, p. 574, July, 1881),

was

referred

by

^{Fitch, in his col}

lections, to Dorthesia.

On

_referringto

my

scrap-books

and

_notes, it seems thatthe first

record of the oviposition ^of C.

bubalus

was

in a short reply ^to a correspondent published

by

Prof.

Cyrus Thomas

in the

Prairie Farmer

^of

_February

5,1876,ⁱⁿ

which

abriefdescrip tion is given^{ofthe natureof the} egg-punctures^ofaninsect

which was

identified asbelonging^tothe

same

_family as C. bubalus, ^if not to the

same

_{genus, but sup} posed^tobedistinct

on

accountof their difference

from

the

punc

tures of bubalus as

wrongly

determined

by

^me.

At

thetime

I

had

several notesof earlierdate

on

similar punctures,

and

_having submitted thedrawings ^of

them

toProf.

Thomas,

he recognized^hispuncturesas identicalwiththose

now known

to be of bubalus.

My

^{first specimens ofthese}

^were

received

Nov.

12, 1875,

from Uriah McCall,

Manchester, O.,

who

found

them on Apple,

^Pear,

and

_Quince.

My

^notes

describe the punctures ^{as follows:}

"

Ordinarily there ^is a pair of simple ^{slits, the} adjacent parts slightly swollen, each slit

leading ^to a

row

_of,

on

an _average, 10 eggs just under the bark, the anterior or outer ends converging

toward

the middle.

The

individual eggs^are 1.3

mm.

_long

_by

one-fourth aswide,pale

FIG. ii. Ceresa bubalus Fab.: Twig ^of appleshowing^: a,female atwork;b,recent egg-punctures; c, barkreversed with eggs in position, slightlyenlarged; d, singlerow of eggs ^still more _enlarged; e,wounds of twoorthree years' standingonolder limbs (after Marlatt).

amber

colored, with the anterior end

somewhat more

_opaque.

The wood

around _{the eggs,} asusual, ^is discolored.

Sometimes

there isbut a _{single slit,} sometimes but a _single egg, ⁱⁿ cases

where

the parent

had

_evidentlybeen disturbed.

Sometimes

a double _{pair are} found close together." ^I received similar

punc

tures also

from

Dr. _Lintiier,

from

Pennsylvania,

March

_{29, 1877,}

and

have also described in

my

^notes punctures ^{similar to the} above, which, however, ^{are confinedto a} single crescent, differ in the

number and

size ofthe_eggs,-

and

undoubtedlyare deposited

by some

closely ^alliedbut distinct species. ^I introduce for

com

parison

Mr.

Marlatt's _{figure of} theeggs

and

_punctures

which

ac

companied

^{his first} careful description of these,

and

his original identification ofthe authorof the slits. I alsoreproduce figures of C.

taurina and

C. bubalusto bring^{out the}imaginaldifferences

between

^the

two

_species

which

are _{so easily} overlooked.* C.

taurina

^is

now

to be associated with the egg-punctures

which

have _previouslybeen_assigned to bubalus

by most

^{writers on this}

insect, following

my

^{reference to it in the Missouri} report. ^I also here reproduce

my

original figures of the egg-punctures, preliminary stages,

and

_adults,

which

illustrated

my

original article.

Professor Riley, undertheheadof

" Notes from

^'_Sunbury,'^"

showed

a

young sycamore

^tree transplanted

on

his grounds ^{in a} perfectly healthy condition last spring. In the course of the

summer

^{this tree}

was

_girdled

_by

Chrysobothris

femorata,

^the eggs ^of

which must

have been laid in the

summer. The

_pupae

were

all

formed and

thebeetles will issue next spring.

He

also

showed

a yearling shoot ^of ash

which had

_sprung

up from

^anold

stump

^that

had

been cut

down

the present season. ^It

was

_ovipos

ited

upon by Trochilium

syringce ^the present

summer

andthe adults

began

^{toissue thefirst of October.}

Both

of these _species, then, are sometimes shorter-lived in the larvastatethanisusually

supposed.

Mr. Schwarz

statedthat he

had

noticed the adultsof Trochilium

*Subsequently^tothe reading of^thispaper^these two_figures,thefirstof which was in preparation while ^I was _yet incharge of the Division of Entomology, have appearedⁱⁿInsect Life,Volume_{vn, No.} i, pp. 8-14, andareherereproduced bythe courtesy of the HonorableAssistantSec retary of Agriculture.