ENGLISH BORROWING WORDS IN POLITIC ARTICLES OF KOMPAS NEWSPAPER
Putri Uswati, Edwar Kemal, Yelliza
Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat putriuswati95@gmail.com
ABSTRAK
English borrowing words merupakan kata asing yang dimasukkan dalam perbendaharaan kosakata suatu bahasa melalui proses penyerapan, khususnya yang berasal dari bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa tentang kata serapan bahasa Inggris yang terdapat dalam artikel politik di koran Kompas. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menganalisa tipe kata serapan bahasa Inggris berdasarkan teori yang disebutkan oleh Katamba dan Haugen (2005) yaitu loanword, loan blend, dan loan shift. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Dalam pengambilan data, peneliti menggunakan teknik dokumen analisis dengan melakukan beberapa langkah yaitu membaca artikel politik yang terdapat pada koran Kompas, menentukan English borrowing words yang terdapat dalam teks, dan menentukan tipe dari kata serapan bahasa Inggris.
Berdasarkan data yang ditemukan, ada 33 kata serapan bahasa Inggris dalam artikel politik pada koran Kompas. Dari hasil analisis, dapat disimpulkan bahwa bentuk tipe kata serapan bahasa Inggris yaitu 10 loanwords (informal, program, elite, jargon, honorarium), 22 loan blends (komisi: commission, fraksi: fraction, revisi: revision), dan 1 loan shifts (focus group discussion: acara diskusi kelompok). Berdasarkan ketiga tipe di atas, tipe yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah loan blend.
Kata Kunci: Kata Serapan Bahasa Inggris, Artikel Politik, Koran
INTRODUCTION
Word as a part of language has important rule in forming a language. People always use it to build a sentence, but they do not know where do actually those millions words come from. People as the user of language sometimes do
not think about how a language is formed. There are millions words now used by people. Every time people get more and more new words unless they know the way it happens.
Besides, word form has deep relation with meaning. The meaning of the
new word form is influenced by the process of forming a word.
The study of the internal structure of words, and of the rules by which words are formed, is called morphology. Aronoff and Fudeman (2005:2) state that morphology, in linguistics, “refers to the mental system involved in word formation or to the branch of linguistics that deals with words, their internal structure, and how they are formed”.
There are many words in this world and all of words are related to morphology. Moreover, Katamba (2005:3) states that morphology is the study of word formation and word structure. Morphological theory provides a general theory of word structure in all the languages of the word.
Word formation is the creation of a new word. Word formation sometimes contrasted with semantic change, which is a change in a single word's meaning. Word- formation process is a way of forming new words or terms from the use of old words. Changing or making a new word. There are, of course, numerous word formation
processes that do not arouse any controversies and are very similar in the majority of languages. As the analysis of word structure, morphology involves types of word formation, such as derivation, compounding, clipping, acronym, blend, borrowing, backformation, coinage, conversion, and multiple processes (Yule, 2010:53)
English is mostly used in many mass media like newspapers, magazines, journals, and articles.
Talking about newspaper, one of the mass media, the language that is used in newspaper is called written language. The written language in newspaper tends to be more formal than oral language and it is more likely to provide standard language.
The important thing of newspaper is that it must use a written language appropriately in order that the readers will catch the messages properly. But, the readers find many foreign words, which are not originally included the other language, especially from English language. This process is known as borrowing. According to Payne (2006:323), borrowing refers to
“when speakers of a language treat a word, morpheme, or construction from another language as a lexical item in their own language”. It means that, borrowing is the process when speakers taking word from another language in own language.
According to Haugen in Apples and Muysken (2005:164), there are three types of borrowing words: loanword, loan blend, and loan shift. After that, Hocket in Winarto (2013:7), three types of borrowing, as follows:
loanword, loan blend, loan shift.
Nowadays, the borrowing words from English in large number are found in many mass media.
Borrowing words in mass media can add vocabulary and knowledge of words or language that use from the English language, for example
“Maraknya berita palsu menjadi bahasan dalam konferensi jurnalistik yang digelar Temasek Foundation di Singapura, 18-19 Agustus”. The word “konferensi” is borrowed from English. The word
“konferensi” is adapted from word
“conference”. Based on oxford dictionary, the word means a meeting
for discussion or an exchange of views, especially one held regularly.
One of the mass media that use English borrowing words is Kompas newspaper. The researcher interested to conduct research about English borrowing words in Kompas newspaper. The researcher chooses Kompas newspaper because Kompas newspaper is one of the famous newspapers and the most widely read newspaper in Indonesia. Kompas newspaper is also one of the national mass media that contributed positively to the use of Indonesia language. Besides that, Kompas newspaper has been published for 50 years, which was established since 1965 from an office in central Jakarta. There are some English borrowing words that written in Kompas newspaper.
In Kompas newspaper, the researcher chooses Politic articles because this article provides information about the developments that occur in the community, country and environment, especially now that many things that happen in the political world both positive and negative. With this article, people are
looking for information on political developments. Besides that, the researcher found a lot of borrowing from English language in politic articles of Kompas newspaper. The researcher gets interest to analyze English borrowing words used in Kompas newspapers. In this research, the researcher would like to find and analyze about English borrowing words that used in the Politic articles of Kompas newspapers.
RESEARCH METHOD
The design of this research was descriptive qualitative research.
According to Moleong (2010:11) descriptive is the collection of data form words, pictures, and not numbers. It means that explains and observes of the languages examined that describe the data about the process of the types English borrowing words in politic articles of Kompas newspaper. Descriptive research was the research that describe the phenomenon in words not in numeric, to made the things clear the researcher should spelled out vividly and detailed to avoid confusion. The researcher tried to
determine and analyze the types of English borrowing words that used in politic articles of Kompas newspaper.
In this research, the researcher used document as a source of data. According to Lofland and Lofland in Moleong (2010:157), the primary data in qualitative research is form as words and acts, and an addition data such as document and the addition data such as document and others. The source of data was document. The data of this research was English borrowing words. The documents are taken from Kompas newspapers in which many English borrowing words used there. The researcher took the data from Politic articles category that published on August 23th−26th, 2017. The researcher chooses these editions because in the edition, especially in the articles found many data that needed in this research.
In collecting the data, the researcher need instrument.
According to Moleong (2010:9), the instrument of data collecting process in the qualitative research is the researcher him or herself or with the
assistance of somebody. Therefore, there are two instruments in this research. First, the primary instrument is the researcher himself.
The researcher analyzed types of English borrowing words in politic articles of Kompas newspaper.
Second, the secondary instrument is the indicator of English borrowing words based on theory of Haugen (2005) and Hocket (2013), they are:
loanword, loan blend and loan shift.
This instrument can be used to help the researcher in analyze the data.
In collecting the data, the researcher used analysis of document technique. According to Ary et al (2010:442), document analysis can be of written or text-based artifacts (textbooks, novels, journals, meeting minutes, logs, announcements, policy statements, newspaper, transcripts, birth certificates, marriage records, budgets, letters, e-mail messages). In addition, Guba and Lincoln in Moleong (2010:216-217) he distinguish between document and record. Document is any written material or film that is not prepared, while record is any written statement that is prepared for testing purpose.
In this research, the researcher tried to take the document from Kompas newspaper.
In this research, the researcher did some steps to collect the data. First, the researcher takes and collects the document that need in this research, read the document that has collected, collect the data that containing of English borrowing words. Finally, the researcher analyzed types of English borrowing words that found in Politic articles of Kompas newspapers based on types of English borrowing words that have mentioned by Haugen (2005) and Hocket (2013).
The steps of data analysis in this research are taken from the techniques proposed by Seiddel in Moleong (2010:248), analysis of the data contained of three steps they are: codding, categorizing and explaining the English borrowing words in politic articles of Kompas newspaper. The explanation of each step can be seen as follow:
Codding of English Borrowing Words
The first step is codding of English borrowing words. In this step, the researcher give a code or
mark the words contain of English borrowing words in the politic articles of Kompas newspaper by using a pen in order to help the researcher easy to collect the data.
Categorizing The Types of English Borrowing Words
In this step, the researcher categorizes the types of English borrowing words in politic articles of Kompas newspaper. In order to make the reseacher easy in analyzing the data, the researcher is classified the types of English borrowing words in form of a table. The table consist of types of English borrowing words, they are; loanword, loan blend, and loan shift.
Explaining the English Borrowing Words
After codding and categorizing the data, the next step is explaining the English borrowing words. This is the last step analysis of the data. In this step, the researcher explains about the types of English borrowing words in politic articles of Kompas newspaper.
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION After analyzing the data, the researcher has got the result of this research. The research question had been answered by using document analysis as instrument. It used to answer the research question about the types of English borrowing words in Politic articles of Kompas newspapers. The researcher found all of types, they are loanword, loan blend and loan shift. There are 33 types of English borrowing words found in the text, 10 loanwords, 22 loan blends and 1 loan shift.
The researcher used Haugen (2005) and Hocket (2013) theories.
Based on theories, there are three types of English borrowing words.
The characteristic of loanword is:
when the word is borrowed from English without changing (adopted) and the word has been united into Indonesia language. Then, the characteristic of loan blend is:
morphemic substitution as well as importation. Loan blend is a form in which the combination the word of foreign language and the word of the base language (adapt). So that, loan blend occurs if the combination
words of Indonesia language and English. After that, the characteristic of loan shift is: when morphemic importation without substitution the English words. Loan shift occurs when adopting English words then translating the words without changing the meaning of the concept.
Table 1. English Borrowing Words in Politic Articles of Kompas Newspapers
No
English Borrowin g Words
English Words
Types of English Borrowin
g Words 1. Komisi Commiss
ion
Loan blend 2. Informal Informal Loan word 3. Focus
group discussion
Focus group discussio
Loan shift 4. Fraksi Fraction Loan blend 5. Revisi Revision Loan
blend 6. Integritas Integrity Loan
blend 7. Kredibilit
as
Credibili ty
Loan blend 8. Proses Process Loan
blend 9. Lobi Lobby Loan
blend 10. Koalisi Coalition Loan
blend 11. Elite Elite Loan
word 12. Program Program Loan
word 13. Agenda Agenda Loan word 14. Survei Survey Loan blend 15. Elektabili
tas
Electabili ty
Loan blend 16. Popularitas Populari
ty
Loan blend 17. Jargon Jargon Loan
word 18. Publik Public Loan blend 19. Friksi Friction Loan
blend 20. Simulasi Simulati
on
Loan blend 21. Honorari
um
Honorari um
Loan word 22. Inisiatif Initiative Loan blend 23. Implikasi Implicati
on
Loan blend 24. Simposium Symposi
um
Loan blend 25. Legislatif Legislati
ve
Loan blend 26. Internasio
nal
Internatio nal
Loan blend 27. Regional Regional Loan
word 28. Stabilitas Stability Loan blend 29. Delegasi Delegati
on
Loan blend 30. Bilateral Bilateral Loan word 31. Model Model Loan word 32. Estimasi Estimati
on
Loan blend 33. Normal Normal Loan
word
Based on the result, the researcher interprets that the writer in politic articles of Kompas newspaper uses all of types of English borrowing words found based on Haugen (2005) and Hocket (2013) theories. It seemed from the used of the types of English borrowing words which had found, actually all of the types used by the writer in writing the politic articles of Kompas newspaper, but the common type used was loan blend.
CONCLUSION
In this section, the researcher gives conclusion about types of English borrowing words that exist in the politic articles of Kompas newspaper. Based on the data analysis and finding in chapter IV, the researcher found all of types of English borrowing words, they are loanword, loan blend, and loan shift.
The type of English borrowing words that mainly used in the politic articles of Kompas newspapers is loan blend in writing the text.
In conducting this research, the researcher use Haugen (2005)
and Hocket (2013) theories about borrowing words in determining English borrowing words in politic articles of Kompas newspapers. After collecting the English borrowing words and analyzing those words based on the types of English borrowing words, the researcher found 33 data of English borrowing words that is found, which is there were 10 loanwords, 22 loan blend, and 1 loan shift. The researcher interpret that the journalist of politic articles in Kompas newspaper uses all types of English borrowing words.
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