PAPERS ENGLISH FOR COMPARATIVE 1& 2
Lecturer : Dr. VERITIA S.E., M.M.
Organized by group 3:
Muhammad Rizky Anugrah Utomo (231010504986)
Naila Azzahra (231010504052)
Paula Aulanisa (231010501775)
Wahyu Saputra (231010501774)
FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS PROGRAM STUDI MANAJEMEN S1
UNIVERSITAS PAMULANG
PREFACE
Expressing gratitude to the Almighty for His abundant grace and gifts, we endeavor to complete the writing of the English For Business course paper. This paper is one of the assignments that must be completed, with the title "Comparative Degree" It is acknowledged that the paper is not without its flaws; however, it is hoped that it will contribute to the reader's expanded insight and knowledge.
We would like to express our deepest gratitude to Mrs. Veritia S.E., M.M., the lecturer for the English For Business course, and the assignment that has been assigned. Additionally, we extend our profound gratitude to all individuals who have contributed to the development of this paper. This assignment has allowed us to delve more deeply into the intricacies of the past.
It is our hope that the content of this paper will be comprehensible to all its readers. We hope that the paper will be useful for both ourselves and its readers. We extend our sincere apologies for any inaccuracies or grammatical inconsistencies that may have been present in the document. We solicit your constructive feedback and recommendations to enhance the quality of our future endeavors.
South Tangerang, April 25rd 2025
Group 3
list of contents
PAPERS ENGLISH FOR COMPARATIVE 1& 2 ... 1
FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS PROGRAM STUDI MANAJEMEN S1 UNIVERSITAS PAMULANG ... 1
PREFACE ... 2
INTRODUCTION ... 4
1.1 Backround Of The Paper ... 4
1.2 Formulation Of The Problem ... 4
1.3 Purpose ... 4
THEORY AND DISCUSION ... 5
2.1 Comparison degree ... 5
2.2 Superlative Degree ... 6
2.3 Rules - Rules for Determining Comparative and Superlative Degrees ... 6
2.4 The formula ... 7
CONCLUSION ... 9
3.1 conclusion ... 9
3.2 Suggestion ... 9
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Backround Of The Paper
Comparative degree is the second level in comparison degree. This second type of comparison degree is used to compare two or more things in terms of their level of nature or characteristics.
So, basically we want to say whether one thing is more or less than another thing.
For example, let's use the adjective "smart" as an example. If we want to compare two people in terms of their level of intelligence, we can use the comparative degree. So, we can say Tom is smarter than John (Tom is smarter than John).
In this example, we compare Tom's level of intelligence with John's level of intelligence and say that Tom has a higher level of intelligence than John.
In addition to using adjectives with the suffix -er, we can also use additional words, such as "more" or "less" to indicate a stronger comparison.
Degree of comparison or comparison degree is one of the grammars in English that is used to express comparisons.This grammar is used to compare the level of intensity, quantity, or quality of one thing with another.Comparisons in comparison degree are divided into three levels, namely positive degree, comparative degree, and superlative degree.In comparison degree, adjectives or adverbs will change form according to the level of comparison.
Another languages it may describe a very great degree of a certain quality (in Semitic linguistics, called an elative). Degrees of comparison may be expressed morphologically, or syntactically. In English, for example, most monosyllabic and some disyllabic adjectives have degrees of comparison morphologically: green (positive), greener (comparative), greenest (superlative); pretty, prettier, prettiest, while most disyllabic adjectives use the syntax: complex , more complex , most complex .
1.2 Formulation Of The Problem
1. what's the meaning comparison degrees?
2. how to use comparative degree?
3. What’s the meaning supralative degree?
4. What the formula?
1.3 Purpose
1. can understand the meaning comparison degrees?
2. can understand various things comparison degrees?
CHAPTER II
THEORY AND DISCUSION
2.1 Comparison degree
A. Definision of comparative degree
Comparative degree is a name given to grammar to compare two people, animals, objects, or things. Comparative degree is the second level of comparison in adjectives and adverbs.
Comparative degree is the level of comparison of two nouns, either positively (more than) or negatively (less than). Usually comparative degree is used to show that a noun has a property that is 1 more or less than another noun. There are several words that can be used when you want to make a comparative degree:
Dalam Tata Bahasa Inggris (English Grammar) Comparative adalah bentuk dari sebuah Kata Sifat (Adjective) atau Kata Keterangan (Adverb) yang menyatakan sebuah perbandingan dari bentuk More atau Less, Greater atau Lesser.
Maksudnya adalah, ketika kita membandingkan seseorang, tempat, benda, atau sebuah perbuatan, kita akan menggunakan kata More (lebih banyak) atau Less (lebih sedikit), Greater (lebih besar) atau Lesser (lebih kurang/lebih kecil).
B. Rumus Comparative Degree
No Rumus comparative degree Contoh kalimat
1 adjective + er + than My house is smaller than yours (Rumahku lebih kecil dibandingkan rumahmu).
2 more + adjective Looks like that worker is more tired than others (Tampaknya pekerjaan itu lebih bikin capek dibandingkan yang lain).
4 far + more + adjective Your cellphone is far more expensive.
5 subject + verb + the + comparative + of the + two + nouns
Bima is the taller of the two boys.
(Bima lebih tinggi dari dua bocah lelaki itu).
6 of the two + noun + subject + verb + the + comparative
Of the two bags, this one is the prettier. (Dari dua tas itu, yang satu ini lebih cantik).
C. Use of comparative degree
The use of Comparative Degree is as follows:
>To further emphasize the form of Comparative Degree (higher level).
Example: His motorcycle is far better than yours. (His motorcycle is far better than your motorcycle)
>Stating two objects or people that do not have the same level of comparison.
Example: His ruler is not as long as yours. (The ruler is not as long as yours).
>The use of Comparative Degree (higher level) can be used in increasingly circumstances.
Example: The harder you study English, the cleverer you will be.
(The harder you study English, the smarter you will be).
>Comparative Degree form (higher level) without THAN.
Example: Jeffree is the taller of the two boys. (Jeffree is taller than the two boys).
2.2 Superlative Degree
A. Definition of superlative Degree
Superlative is a grammar name that shows a comparison of three or more things, objects, or people. The difference with other types of comparison is that the superlative degree only talks about one person, object, or thing being the most among the others. Therefore, when applied in a sentence, there are no other objects, only one object is mentioned.
The characteristic of the superlative degree is the use of the prefix "the most"
or the suffix "-est". The use of "the most" and "-est" depends on the adjective used.
Positive degree is used to show the meaning of similarity between two or more objects or to compare two or more people or things that have the same work quality or nature.
B. Rumus Superlative Degree
No Rumus Contoh kalimat
1 adjective + est + noun + in + singular noun
She's the strongest woman I ever met (Dia wanita terkuat yang pernah kutemui)
2 the + most + adjective + of + plural noun
She is the most intelligent of the girls (Dia adalah yang paling cerdas dari para gadis)
3 One of the + superlative + plural noun
Of the four girls, this one is the cutest (Dari keempat gadis itu, yang satu ini yang paling lucu)
4 least + adjective These shoes are the least expensive of all (Sepatu ini adalah yang paling murah dari semuanya)
2.3 Rules - Rules for Determining Comparative and Superlative Degrees
If the vocabulary has 1 syllable (e.g. big, thin, fat, sad, hard, etc.), you can use the
ending -er (comparative) and the ending -est (superlative).
A. If the vocabulary has 1 - 2 syllables (continued)
ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE MEANING SUPERLATIVE MEANING
Big Bigger Lebih Besar Biggest Paling besar
Thin Thinner Lebih Tipis Thinest Paling Tipis
Fat fatter Lebih Gemuk Fattest Paling Gemuk
Sad Sadder Lebih Sedih Sadest Paling Sedih
Hard Harder Lebih Keras Hardest Paling Keras
B. If the vocabulary has the ending -y
If an adjective has the ending -y, when changed into comparative and superlative the letter -y is removed and replaced with -i before -er (comparative) - est (superlative). Examples of vocabulary ending in -y are happy, busy, clumsy, likely, manly, etc.
ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE MEANING SUPERLATIVE MEANING
Happy Happier Lebih
Bahagia
Happiest Paling Bahagia
Busy Bussier Lebih Sibuk Busiest Paling
Sibuk
Manly Manlier Lebih Jantan Manliest Paling
Jantan C. if the vocabulary has 3 syllables or more
If the adjective to which you want to add a comparative or superlative has 3 syllables or more, the ones used are more (comparative) and most (superlative).
ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE MEANING
playful More playful The most playful Beautiful More Beautiul The most beautiful Diligent More Diligent The most Diloigent 2.4 The formula
1. “S + to be + adjective + er + than + S”
Contoh:
Her house is bigger than mine.
(Rumahnya lebih besar dari milikku.) The weather today is colder than yesterday.
(Cuaca hari ini lebih dingin dari kemarin.) 2. “S + V + adverb + er + than + S”
Contoh:
Nicole runs faster than Nayla.
(Nicole berlari lebih cepat daripada Nayla.) The dog barks louder than the cat.
(Anjing itu menggonggong lebih keras daripada kucing.) 3. “S + to be + more + adjective + than + S”
Contoh:
She is more intelligent than her brother.
(Dia lebih cerdas daripada saudaranya.) My sister is more organized than I am.
(Saudara perempuan saya lebih teratur daripada saya.) 4. “S + V + more + adverb + than + S”
Contoh:
The sun shines more brightly than the moon.
(Matahari bersinar dengan lebih terang daripada bulan.) Andy speaks more loudly than Rafi.
(Andi berbicara lebih keras daripada Rafi.)
CHAPTER III CONCLUSION
3.1 conclusion
Comparative degree is the second level of comparison in English grammar, used to compare two nouns (people, animals, objects, or things) based on their qualities or characteristics. It indicates whether one is "more" or "less" than the other in terms of a specific adjective or adverb.There are several ways to form the comparative degree:
For most one-syllable and some two-syllable adjectives, we add the suffix "-er" and use
"than" for comparison (e.g., smaller than).
For adjectives ending in "-y," the "-y" is replaced with "-i" before adding "-er" (e.g., happier than).
For adjectives with three or more syllables, and some two-syllable adjectives, we use "more"
or "less" before the adjective, followed by "than" (e.g., more beautiful than, less diligent than).
There are also specific structures using "the + comparative + of the two + nouns" to compare one of two items.
3.2 Suggestion
Provide ample opportunities for students to practice forming and using comparative sentences through interactive exercises and activities.
Emphasize the different rules for forming comparatives based on the number of syllables and endings of adjectives and adverbs.
Incorporate real-life examples and scenarios to illustrate the practical application of comparative degrees in communication.
Consider incorporating comparative structures into business-related contexts to align with the course focus ("English for Business").
