Land use change along with population mobility in the Urip Sumoharjo-Perintis Kemerdekaan Makassar city corridor contributes positively to air pollution and the reduction of the quality of the surrounding environment. Hemoglobin is a metalloprotein that carries oxygen and contains iron in red blood cells; (2) the results of the World Bank study showed that the economic impact of air pollution in Indonesia is Rp. 3) the social impact due to air pollution means that people cannot enjoy healthy air, which means that they have to see and breathe the smoke produced by motor vehicles and industrial activities every day. Observations in this study used field notes, cameras, and a base map of the study site.
Observations in this study used field notes, cameras, and a base map of the study site. In addition, the air pollution index uses the air quality index analysis method, that is, carbon monoxide index, sulfur dioxide index, particulate carbon index, nitrogen dioxide index, oxidant index, extreme value index and national quality index. . Figure 5 shows the path analysis model with the following explanation: (1) There is a correlation or calculated correlation between the independent variables (there is a relationship between variables... 2) the magnitude of the relationship is expressed by the correlation coefficient (r12), (r13), and (r23), where (r12) is the correlation or relationship between X1 and X2, (r13) is the correlation or relationship X1 and X3, (r23) is the correlation or relationship between X2 and X3; (3) the variables X1, an intermediary or intermediary Y, so that X1, X2, and X3 influence Y, and Y then influences Z.
Determine the developing program by matching the vulnerability (W) to the threats (T) .. 1), the independent variable X2 and the intervening variable Y are related by the regression coefficient. Determine the program under development by matching the vulnerability (W) to the threats (T) .. 2), the independent variable X3 and the intervening variable Y are related by the regression coefficient.
Results
The complexity of the use of space (see Figure 6) illustrates the functions of activities developing in the corridor of the Urip Sumoharjo-Perintis Kemerdekaan of the city of Makassar. The direct effect of the transport movement system on the Urip Sumoharjo-Perintis Kemerdekaan road corridor on the increase in traffic volume is divided into four categories: The dominant activities in this corridor, that is, the functions of commercial facilities, educational facilities, offices, industry, trade , services and airports, make a positive contribution to the traffic volume in relation to the capacity of the road body in the Urip Sumoharjo-Perintis. Kemer deck entrance.
The measurement of the air pollution index was carried out at four sampling points: (i) the area of the Tallo River, marked by the presence of an air power plant (PLTU) and the activities of Sermani Industry, (ii) the center of economic activity Daya and Daya terminal , (iii) Makassar Industrial Area (KIMA) and (iv) Hasanuddin International Airport. Air pollution index measurement in all four locations was performed using AMQ60 (Ambient Air Monitoring). Population mobility, traffic volume and land use changes simultaneously have a positive effect on air pollution, with a determination coefficient of 94.1% in the Urip Sumoharjo-Perintis Kemerdekaan road corridor in Makassar City.
In addition, the evaluation of road capacity on the Urip Sumoharjo–Perintis Kemerdekaan road corridor by considering the traffic volume at the four research locations takes into account (i) basic capacity (CO), (ii) effective lane width, (iii). In addition, the assessment of road capacity on the Urip Sumoharjo–Perintis Kemerdekaan road corridor by considering the volume of traffic at the four research locations takes into account (i) basic capacity (CO), (ii) effective lane width, (iii) direction of distribution, (iv) lateral friction and (v) population. The road capacity and saturation level of the Urip Sumoharjo–Perintis Kemerdekaan road corridor are shown in Figure 10.
The road capacity and degree of saturation of the Urip Sumoharjo-Perintis Kemerdekaan road corridor is shown in Figure 10. Traffic volume, road capacity and degree of saturation of the road corridor Urip Sumoharjo—Perintis Kemerdekaan Makassar City. Relationships of the city activity system, the transport system and origin-destination movement patterns in relation to the deterioration of environmental quality and the air pollution index.
The direct effect of movement origin-destination pattern on environmental quality degradation is 0.1909 or 19.09%. The function and role of the Urip Sumoharjo-Perintis Kemerdekaan road corridor is very strategic in promoting the economic growth of Makassar City, leading to complex space utilization. Table 13 shows some of the strategies needed for environmental management and air pollution control in the Urip Sumoharjo-Perintis Kemerdekaan Makassar City road corridor.
Discussion
Solutions to manage environmental degradation and control air pollution in the Urip Sumoharjo-Perintis Kemerdekaan corridor in Makassar City are contextualized against several issues, including: (1) tightening the permitting process related to use; (2) public awareness for participation in environmental management; (3) implementation of incentives for activities that can pollute the environment by tightening controls and introducing progressive taxes on the pollution caused; (4) requiring public open space for each component of socio-economic activities, including housing, offices, commercial buildings and other activities, by planting shade trees that can absorb noise, break down dust particles and motor vehicle fumes, supported by regional regulations of the city of Makassar; (5) implementation of efforts to protect land cover changes along watersheds, followed by implementation of a conservation program; (6) the establishment of a buffer zone to maintain the ecological balance and become the lungs of the city, so that CO toxins and CO2 emissions from the combustion of motor vehicles and industrial fumes can be absorbed in the buffer zone and converted into oxygen necessary for life through the photosynthetic process; and (7) utilizing the center of the road, which is used as a green open space to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, increase oxygen, reduce temperature with shade and cool plants, become a water catchment, and reduce noise. In addition, the management and control cycle of air quality pollution in the Urip Sumoharjo-Perintis Kemerdekaan road corridor of Makassar City requires strategic steps, including: (3) formulation of strategic planning related to air quality control; and (4) establishing collaboration between the government, the private sector and the community to implement and control air pollution on the Urip Sumoharjo–Perintis Kemerdekaan road corridor.
Sustainable environmental management in the Urip Sumoharjo-Perintis Kemerdekaan Makassar City corridor cannot be separated from environmental management and conservation efforts in general. Urban ecological space has functionally important differential characteristics in terms of the distribution of socioeconomic activities [124]. The implementation of a sustainable transport system in the Urip Sumoharjo-Perintis Kemerdekaan road corridor is aimed at making a positive contribution to the environmental, social and economic sustainability of the community.
Thus, the implementation of a sustainable and environmentally friendly transportation system in the Urip Sumoharjo-Perintis Kemerdekaan road corridor will require (1) the development of access points so that safety is better maintained, more humane, does not pollute the environment and provides intergenerational mobility. justice;. 2) efficient operation, in the sense that it offers a choice of transport modes and supports the movement of the socio-economic aspects of society; and (3) reduce emissions, minimize the use of renewable natural resources, and minimize the use of land that can pollute the environment. The implementation of a sustainable transport system should aim at (a) increasing accessibility through the planning of transport network systems and the integration of transport modes, (b) providing affordable transport for all levels of society and maintaining a healthy business competition, the shared use of space, the fair use of infrastructure and transparency in policy making, and (c) a reduction of negative impacts through the use of environmentally friendly energy, environmentally friendly transportation facilities and planning that prioritizes safety of transport users. The transport sector is very important to develop towards the sustainability of the system of movement of goods and people in relation to the environmental impacts caused [126,127].
The scheme for the sustainability of environmental management and transport system in the Urip Sumoharjo-Perintis Kemerdekaan road corridor is shown in Figure 13. Thus, the implementation of a sustainable and environmentally friendly transport system in the Urip Sumoharjo-Perintis Kemerdekaan road corridor will (1) promote the development of require access points so that security is better enforced, more humane, does not pollute the environment and provides intergenerational mobility. justice; (2) efficient operation, in that it provides a choice of transportation modes and supports the movement of the socio-economic aspects of society; and (3) reduce emissions, minimize the use of renewable natural resources, and minimize the use of land that can pollute the environment. The scheme for the sustainability of the environmental management and transport system in the Urip Sumoharjo-Perintis Kemerdekaan road corridor is shown in Figure 13.
The sustainability of environmental management and transportation systems in the Urip Sumoharjo-Perintis Kemerdekaan corridor, Makassar City.
Conclusions
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