Evaluating Village-owned Enterprises and SMEs Businesses Engagement Through Web Application Using System-Usability Scale
Ariq Cahya Wardhana1, Fauzan Romadlon2,*, Gita Fadila Fitriana1, I Anna Tul Munikhah2, Novian Adi Prasetya3, Aiza Yudha Pratama2, Ade Yanyan Ramdhani2, Suparyo4
1 Software Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Telkom Purwokerto, Banyumas, Indonesia
2 Industrial Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Telkom Purwokerto, Banyumas, Indonesia
3 Informatics Department, Institut Teknologi Telkom Purwokerto, Banyumas, Indonesia
4 Gedhe Nusantara Foundation, Banyumas, Indonesia
Email: 1[email protected], 2*[email protected], 1[email protected], 2[email protected],
3[email protected], 2[email protected], 2[email protected], 4[email protected] Correspondence Email: [email protected]
Submitted 27-10-2022; Accepted 08-12-2022; Published 30-12-2022 Abstrak
Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDesa) dan Usaha Kecil Menengah (UKM) mampu memperkuat perekonomian pedesaan. Kedua entitas tersebut akan berkolaborasi dan akan membantu perekonomian pedesaan menjadi lebih adaptif dan berkelanjutan. Salah satu pendekatan untuk berkolaborasi adalah dengan menggunakan teknologi digital, seperti aplikasi web. Ini akan memungkinkan bisnis untuk bertahan dengan mendapatkan jaringan potensial dan pasar lintas batas melalui pemasaran online. Kolaborasi ini dapat dilakukan dengan pendekatan teknologi digital dimana kedua peran tersebut dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan perekonomian desa. Jika pendekatan teknologi ini tidak diterapkan, maka pemasaran akan terbatas sehingga berdampak pada perekonomian desa. Pendekatan kualitatif dan scrum digunakan untuk mengembangkan web digital. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan peran BUMDesa dan UKM terhadap aplikasi web. BUMDesa dapat melakukan pengelolaan yang lebih baik melalui bisnis digital sehingga BUMDesa dapat mengakselerasi produktivitas UKM dengan membuka pasar dan perspektif bisnis baru kepada UKM. Proses pengujian ini dilakukan untuk mencegah kegagalan dari pengembangan website dengan penerapan uji usability yaitu Usability Scale (SUS) System. Pengujian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa desain yang diusulkan mendapatkan skor yang baik yaitu 69.63, sehingga efektif dan efisien untuk diimplementasikan dalam pengembangan website. Lebih lanjut lagi, UKM dapat memperoleh pasar yang lebih luas, meningkatkan standar produksi, dan menambah kapasitas produksi. Kolaborasi ini akan memetakan dan memprofilkan kekuatan dan kelemahan mereka untuk meminimalkan kesenjangan implementasi. Selain itu, BUMDesa dan UKM akan berinvestasi dalam modal sosial, yang berarti kemampuan untuk menjalin kerjasama, kepercayaan, dan partisipasi, di masyarakat setempat untuk mendapatkan manfaat dari jejaring sosial. Ini akan meningkatkan kemampuan inovasi..
Kata Kunci: Teknologi Digital; Masyarakat Pedesaan; UKM; Badan Usaha Milik Desa; SUS Abstract
Village-owned enterprises (BUMDesa) and Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are enabled to strengthen the rural economy. The two entities shall collaborate and will help the rural economy become more adaptive and sustainable. One approach to collaborate is using digital technology, such as web applications. It will allow businesses to survive by gaining potential networking and cross-border markets through online marketing. This collaboration can be done using a digital technology approach where both roles are needed to improve the village economy. If this technological approach is not implemented, then marketing will be limited so that it will have an impact on the village economy. The qualitative and scrum approach is used to develop the digital web. The result shows differences between BUMDesa and SMEs' roles toward the web application. BUMDesa can make better managerial through digital businesses so that BUMDesa can accelerate SMEs' productivity by opening new markets and business perspectives to SMEs. The testing process is carried out to prevent the failure of website development by implementing a usability test, namely the Usability Scale (SUS) System.
The tests carried out show that the proposed design gets a good score of 69.63, so it is effective and efficient to be implemented in website development. SMEs can gain a broader market, improve their production standard, and add production capacities. The collaboration will map and profile their strengths and weaknesses to minimize the implementation gap. In addition, the BUMDesa and SMEs will invest in social capital, which means the ability to establish cooperation, trust, and participation, in the local community to benefit from the social network. It will improve innovation capability.
Keywords: Digital Technology; Rural Communities; SMEs; Village-owned Enterprise; SUS
1. INTRODUCTION
The rural area is one of the concerns to enhancing the economy. Village-owned enterprises (BUMDesa) and Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are enabled to strengthen the rural economy. BUMDesa and SMEs have different institutions. On the one hand, BUMDesa has a role in implementing community empowerment from enabling and empowering to protecting stages. Enabling means creating an atmosphere to allow the potential of underdeveloped communities. Empowering means strengthening knowledge and capability in problem-solving and needs fulfillment. The last is protecting, which means defending the poor interest [1]. During organizing BUMDesa, the personnel shall acquire some factors such as vision, training skills for their staff, education, and passion for making BUMDesa more profitable [2]. On the other hand, SMEs are small businesses that contribute to the economy by employing unskilled to semi-skilled labor to support more significant industries [3] [4].
If the two entities can collaborate, it will help the rural economy to become more adaptive and sustainable. The differences between those are organizational profiles, whereas BUMDesa is more rural community empowerment [2].
Therefore, one approach is to use digital technology, such as web applications, to survive their business by gaining
potential networking and cross-border markets through online marketing [3]. Furthermore, digital technology positively affects entrepreneurship to the next level [5]. Digital technology combines digital literacy and human resources to strengthen rural village development programs [6]. Fast-changing digital technology in the national and global economy will put small rural home-based micro businesses at risk of being left behind [7].
Several studies have mentioned the raising of collaboration of BUMDes and MSMEs with a digital technology approach. Some of them optimize the role of BUMDes for economic empowerment of SMEs based on entrepreneurial activities [8] [9]. In addition, increasing the potential of BUMDes and SMEs based on Asset Based Community Development [10]. Whereas in the implementation of the digital economy, the optimization of the role of MSMEs is only limited to the use of social media [11] and BUMDes are only directed to utilize e-commerce applications [12]. In practice, BUMDes and SMEs in rural communities have collaborated with each other. This collaboration can be done using a digital technology approach where both roles are needed to improve the village economy. If this technological approach is not implemented, then marketing will be limited so that it will have an impact on the village economy. Accordingly, this study aims to find suitable digital technology applications to bridge BUMDes and SMEs' collaboration to enhance rural economic development. Digital technology proposes establishing more marketing capabilities and empowerment through entrepreneurship integration [13]. Furthermore, the evaluation process used is the System Usability Scale (SUS) approach. SUS is used to assess the degree to which the client's desire to be influenced based on their experiences using a digital application.
2. RESEARCH METHOD
This research was conducted in Banyumas, Indonesia. Banyumas initiated Joint BUMDesa, a foundation to gain more profit for BUMDesa by collaboration. The critical informant was a BUMDesa executive and SMEs from Lesmana and Melung Village in Banyumas. The chosen villages had initiated collaboration with SME actors to collaborate their businesses. The method used was qualitative, and data collection was carried out by in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis. Then, obtained data would be condensed and appeared to gain conclusions and recommendations [14]. The research flow diagram can be seen in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Research flow diagram
According Figure 1, the research started from defining problem definition, research objectives, and developing research intruments. All those activities were developed based on literature reviews. After developing the research instrument, data collection was conducted. The collected data used to develop web application prototype and then it was measured and eavluated. After data analysis, the research conducted conclusion and recommendation. The web application prototype was conducted using the scrum approach. The scrum approach is a framework that enables a team's capability to gain complex adaptive to develop and deliver the high-value product through collaboration, creativity, and productivity improvement [15]. The scrum approach requires intense communication and coordination among stakeholders to gain a practical digital product application [16]. The Scrum approach started with scheduling, development, nature, code integration, testing, programming, and implementation [17].
The next step measured the usability test. The test used is the system-usability scale. A System Usability Scale (SUS) is a usability assessment that can produce satisfactory results while considering the modest sample size and cost [18]. The SUS strategy will be turned into a value to determine whether or not the application can be used. SUS has also been used to assess the degree to which the client's desire to be influenced by an item's experience will result in a high SUS award. As a result, this study's findings suggest that SUS performs better and is more productive than client sites with little experience.
System Usability Scale (SUS) is a questionnaire that can be used to measure the usability of a computer system according to the user's subjective point of view consisting of 10 question items [18]. In performing SUS calculations using five Likert scales. Respondents were asked to provide 10 SUS statements according to their subjective assessment. The SUS questionnaire can be used to measure the level of user satisfaction with a product [19] [20]. Each statement item has a contribution score, and each score will range from 0 to 4. For items 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9, the contribution score is the position of the scale minus 1. For items 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10, the contribution score is 5 minus the scale position. Then multiply the SUS scores ranging from 0 to 100 [21]. The question component of the SUS that will be used refers to the instrument [22].
The components of the SUS question can be seen in Table 1.
Table 1. SUS Question Components
No Component Scale
1 I think that I will use sobatwarung.com regularly 1-5
2 I found the complexity of sobatwarung.com unnecessarily 1-5
3 I thought sobatwarung.com was easy to use. 1-5
4 I think I may need support from a technical person to be use sobatwarung.com 1-5 5 I found the various services were well integrated in sobatwarung.com 1-5
6 I thought there were inconsistencies in sobatwarung.com 1-5
7 I would imagine many people would learn fast for sobatwarung.com 1-5
8 I found sobatwarung.com was impractical 1-5
9 I felt very confident to the sobatwarung.com 1-5
10 I needed to learn a lot of things before I could get in-touch with sobatwarung.com 1-5 Below are the SUS scores from Table 2. The average value of the respondent's SUS score can be derived from processing the SUS question components. Since the proposed design adheres to the application's requirements, it is correct, efficient, and effective according to the score (Table 2).
Table 2. SUS Score
Score Description
>81 A Excellent
68-81 B Good
68 C Ok/Fair
51-67 D Poor
<51 F Worst
Using SUS, distributed to twenty responders, the sobatwarung.com website prototype was tested. According to calculations based on prior research, the problem being examined can be answered with a high degree of certainty with 20 respondents or with a minimum sample size of 12–14 respondents. Twenty users were totaled as respondents for this study; they were split into two groups of ten adult male respondents and ten adult female respondents. The technique of random sampling was used to acquire the data [23].
3. RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS
3.1 Prototype Web Application
After gaining data from key informants, the findings show that the first thing that shall be developed is to role map for each actor. Role mapping is conducted to minimize overlapping actions between BUMDesa and SMEs. The role mapping will highlight the objective of each actor to do their business. The result shows that BUMDesa's role is to assess whether SME products follow the national standard. After determining the SME products, a software developer will develop the software based on BUMDesa and SMEs' requirements. Then, BUMDesa will play a role in website management and assist SMEs from production to packaging. BUMDesa will lead the distribution through customers through their transportation fleet.
Moreover, the SME's role is to make their production standardized. Starting from a hygiene production process, production capacity, and standardized product packages. In addition, the additional information is about the raw material sources, production tools and machines, and human resources. The product standards are Halal certification, Home Industry Production License (PIRT), Business License Number (NIB), and tax ID number (NPWP). After assessing, the next step is to develop a use case diagram (Figure 2).
Figure 2. Use Case Diagram
Figure 2 describes the use case diagram, which represents the website sobatwarung.com. There are two users, namely Village-owned Enterprise and administrator. As a Village-owned Enterprise (BUMDesa), there are five features:
login, register as a Village-owned Enterprise, register as SME, register as a courier, and manage buyers. As an administrator, there are three features: manage buyers, manage users, and manage Village-owned Enterprises. After mapping the use case diagram, the web application prototype will be developed, named sobatwarung.com. The prototype can be seen in Figure 3 to Figure 5.
Figure 3. Front Page of sobatwarung.com
Figure 4. Log in Page sobatwarung.com
Figure 5. Dashboard of sobatwarung.com 3.2 System-Usability Scale
The data collected were then combined and calculated as part of the usability research to gain usability score for the test buddywarung.com website concerning the task of making purchases based on the SUS questionnaire. The researcher uses the calculating rule, and each statement has a contribution score. Each contribution will receive a score between 0 and 4.
The contribution score for items 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 equals the scale position minus 1. The contribution score for items 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 equals five less the scale position. The system usability value is then calculated by multiplying the score by 2.5, adding together, and dividing by the total number of respondents, which is 30. Table II displays the score results shown below.
Table 3. Score System-Usability Scale
Respondent Score Respondent Score
1 60 11 60.0
2 70 12 75.0
3 95 13 72.5
4 70 14 70.0
5 70 15 52.5
6 67.5 16 95.0
7 60 17 60.0
8 60 18 45.0
9 60 19 95.0
10 20 77.5
Average score 69.63
The average score from Table 3 is 69.63. This result on the SUS test is a respectable result. As a result, it can be said that website sobatwarung.com's design has been done so accurately and successfully, and it is now ready to be put into practice in a real application. The SUS score from the website sobatwarung.com prototype design is above average.
3.3 BUMDesa and SMEs implication
This study proposed many understandings toward BUMDesa and SMEs to collaborate by gaining more profit based on village empowerment through digital technology. The results have many insights into BUMDesa and SMEs' sustainability. First, it guides BUMDesa to make better managerial through digital businesses. BUMDesa can accelerate SMEs' productivity by opening new markets and business perspectives to SMEs. BUMDesa can influence more SMEs to join, and their products can be scaled up so the rural economy can be more developed. In this situation, BUMDesa shall optimize its strategies from the organizational, program, supported resources, and institutional [24]. Corporate strategy is the first step to implementing digital technology in rural communities. Program strategy means planning to develop a program that affects rural empowerment. Then, the supported resource strategy is to maximize the resource to enhance BUMDesa performance qualities and the institutional emphasis on developing BUMDesa abilities and initiatives.
The insight for SMEs is to gain a broader market, improve their production standard, and add production capacities.
It shows that integration, market, redistribution, and reciprocity will engage and combine socioeconomic relations in rural entrepreneurship [25]. The challenge is to fulfill the needs of practical public sector market interruptions such as the developing broadband infrastructures. It can be gained by more competent digital training and development skills to address digital technology in rural areas [26]. Digital training can be a program to put adequate skill and knowledge about IT adoption [27]. While implementing digital technology, BUMDesa can create training to afford digital skills for rural youth communities to maintain digital technology.
Both entities will gain new approaches to increase their profit by adding innovative digital business, a large part of the market, strong sales, and value creation from digital players [28]. Furthermore, digital technology in rural areas shall close digital, skill, demand, and connectivity gaps [26]. The gaps can be blocked by collaboration stakeholders such as the government, academicians, and Industries. The collaboration will map and profile their strengths and weaknesses to minimize the implementation gap. In addition, the BUMDesa and SMEs will invest in social capital, which means the ability to establish cooperation, trust, and participation, in the local community to benefit from the social network. It will improve innovation capability [29].
4. CONCLUSION
This research examined the collaboration between Village-owned enterprises (BUMDesa) and SMEs to enhance rural economic development. The rural economy will be used to maximize empowerment ability and sustainability. The result shows that digital technology needs to bridge their needs by developing a web application. The web application can be set as a way to gain a broader market for introducing SME products. The primary role of BUMDesa is to facilitate SMEs and market SMEs' products. The SMEs will gain standardized products so that the product can be more acceptable for broader customers. The website design stage of the sobatwarung.com website is then tested to ensure that the design has been created correctly and follows the needs of the buddywarung.com website. The test results obtained an average score of 69.63, indicating a acceptable score. Therefore, the future design of the application can be improved in terms of actual application development because this research is still in the prototype stage.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We would like to thank to Directorate General of Higher Education, Research, and Technology, Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology for matching fund Kedaireka 2022. We would like to thank to Gedhe Nusantara Foundation for partnering during implementing of this program.
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