Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE) Vol. 6. No. 3 (2023)
e-ISSN:2621-606X Page: 2977-3004
FACTORS AFFECTING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF MICRO ENTERPRISES DODOL SNACK CENTERS BENGKEL MARKET AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO
THE ISLAMIC ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE Ahmad Fauzi1
Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia rizka.hrp@gmail.com
Yusrizal2
Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia yusrizal@uinsu.ac.id
Juliana Nasution3
Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia juliananasution@uinsu.ac.id
Factors Affecting the Sustainability ….. 2977
Abstract
It can be seen that MSMEs are one of the sectors of economic activity that survive and have sustainability. One area that has MSMEs that still survive today is North Sumatra, specifically Pasar Bengkel Village, Perbaungan District, Serdang Bedagai Regency. Pasar Bengkel Village is a favorite place for residents and travelers who like local snacks or culinary specialties. However, now the Dodol MSME culinary center will be a distant memory due to declining demand and purchasing power.
Also, Dodol micro business actors in the Bengkel Village area have complained about the reduction in the sales value of their Dodol products since the operation of the Medan-Tebing Tinggi toll road. The reason is that many transport passengers and car drivers don’t have time to stop because they are crossing the toll lane. This makes consumers or buyers reluctant to stop by this Bengkel market, resulting in low turnover, resulting in dozens of stalls being closed. This research aims to determine the influence of product innovation, product sales methods, information technology, market share, ethics of honesty and transparency, and halal products on the sustainability of the micro business Dodol Snack Center Pasar Bengkel simultaneously. This research uses a quantitative research approach with multiple regression methods. The number of samples in this research was 68 MSME entrepreneurs of Pasar Bengkel Dodol Snacks. This research shows that there is a significant influence of product innovation, market share, and product halalness on the sustainability of the Pasar Bengkel Dodol Snack Center micro-enterprise.
Keywords: MSMEs, Pasar Bengkel, Sustainability, Islamic Economic
Factors Affecting the Sustainability ….. 2978 INTRODUCTION
The existence of MSMEs cannot be eliminated or avoided from today’s national society because its existence is very useful in terms of distributing community income.
Apart from that, it is also able to create creativity that is in line with efforts to maintain and develop elements of tradition and culture of the local community. On the other hand, MSMEs are able to absorb labor on a large scale considering Indonesia’s large population, so this can reduce the unemployment rate.
The role of MSMEs in the Indonesian economy is very large, which can be seen from Indonesia’s GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of IDR 8,600 trillion or 61 percent. The government targets that by 2025, GDP from the MSME sector will be able to increase by 65 percent. Based on data from the Ministry of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises (Kemenkop-UKM), currently, there are around 63 million MSME units in Indonesia, although 95% of them are still in the micro business sector. According to percentages, the growth of MSMEs from year to year reaches 10% to 15% of the total MSMEs in operation (Rismawati, 2021).
Based on data from the Ministry of Cooperatives and MSMEs, the contribution of MSMEs to GDP reached 60.34% in 2017. Basically, this contribution can still be increased, considering that the role of MSMEs in the export portion in Indonesia only reached 15.7%.
Experience in 1998 and 2012 proves that MSMEs can survive the economic crisis, demonstrated by the positive growth achieved by MSMEs during times of crisis (Alfrian &
Pitaloka, 2020).
It can be seen that MSMEs are one of the sectors of economic activity that survive and have sustainability. One area that has MSMEs that still survive today is North Sumatra, specifically Pasar Bengkel Village, Perbaungan District, Serdang Bedagai Regency. This village is one of the areas in North Sumatra with typical dodol snack products characterized by the local wisdom of the community as an icon of MSMEs that have been embedded in the people of North Sumatra since 1980 (tabloidsinartani.com, 2021). Dodol is one of the superior products in the village with various flavors such as original (ordinary) dodol, pandan, and durian. Usually, visitors or tourists who want to buy these souvenirs are tourists who want to travel by land from Medan to Pekan Baru - Jakarta and Medan to Lake Toba or Samosir Island or vice versa.
Factors Affecting the Sustainability ….. 2979 Pasar Bengkel Village is a favorite place for residents and travelers who like local snacks or culinary specialties while taking a short break when crossing the causeway.
However, now the dodol MSME culinary center will be a distant memory due to declining demand and purchasing power. And also dodol micro business actors in the Bengkel Village area have complained about the reduction in the sales value of their dodol products since the operation of the Medan-Tebing Tinggi toll road. The reason is that many transport passengers and car drivers don’t have time to stop because they are crossing the toll lane.
This makes consumers or buyers reluctant to stop by this workshop market, resulting in low turnover, resulting in dozens of stalls being closed.
Infrastructure development and the operation of the Medan-Tebing Tinggi Toll Road in 2017, precisely in Serdang Bedagai Regency, had an impact on the turnover of MSMEs at typical snack centers which fell by 80 percent (Mimbar Umum, 2023). In fact, this infrastructure development is one of the Sumatra economic corridor projects in the Masterplan for the Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesian Economic Development (MP3EI) 2011-2025 which aims to achieve high economic growth that is inclusive and sustainable so that it becomes a developed and prosperous country (Presidential Regulation Number 32, 2011) and the construction of toll road infrastructure is very important for the progress and development of a region or area where the construction of toll roads encourages the acceleration of the distribution and delivery of goods and people (J.
Manullang & Samosir, 2019).
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has also made the turnover of MSMEs in the workshop market even worse (Setiabudi, 2021). The Covid-19 pandemic has had a major impact, especially on the sustainability of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Many MSME players admit that they have experienced the negative impact of Covid-19 on their business processes. It was also found that some of them experienced the impact of a decline in sales and experienced uncertainty in obtaining access to emergency funds so that most Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) experienced a very drastic decline in their income (Sarmigi, 2020).
Another influencing factor that influences business sustainability is product innovation. Innovation in a business should be carried out continuously. Various aspects of business organizations require a business to innovate even in their business model. A
Factors Affecting the Sustainability ….. 2980 company’s readiness for future changes will create a significant impact on challenges that arise in various aspects ranging from economic, social and environmental (Bocken, N.M. et al., 2014). Various studies are now asking business people to rethink the foundations and business practices they carry out to lead to business strategies that are sustainable (sustainable value) or not (Evans et al, 2017). The sustainability value in question implies change, innovation, or adjustment of the business entity’s position (Evans et al, 2017).
Head of the Pasar Bengkel Village, Abdan Nasution, said that the decline in MSME business income in the Pasar Bengkel was not entirely due to the existence of the toll road but was also due to the lack of innovation of traders there. A sluggish economy results in less people’s purchasing power, which reduces traders’ income and makes them reluctant to innovate (Analisadaily.com, 2019).
Another factor that can influence business sustainability is business ethics. This business ethic is not something new, because since the last fourteen centuries business practices have grown rapidly (Ahmad, 2001). For example, business activities were the main worldly work carried out by the Prophet Muhammad SAW. This gives rise to Islamic business ethics which are used as an effective solution for the sustainability of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). The role of business ethics in business activities is very important, especially nowadays, the criteria for business success are not only based on morality and good management, but also on the application of business ethics so that quality can be maintained to meet the demands of all markets which is accepted and considered good by society.
One application of Islamic business ethics with indicators of honesty is product halal. The importance of the halal label through this certification is not only for consumers but also business actors such as MSMEs where with this halal certification consumers can eat halal food, providing assurance and a sense of security. Meanwhile, for MSME players, this halal certification will increase sales value, expand marketing networks and scale, and guarantee that recipes are maintained (Rudiyanto, 2021). The existence of halal certification for this product has not yet resulted in an increase in turnover and income for MSMEs in the workshop market village, especially micro businesses at typical snack centers.
Factors Affecting the Sustainability ….. 2981 The Department has implemented strategic steps such as collaborating with related agencies in terms of obtaining permits starting from having a PIRT (Home Industrial Food) certificate issued by the Serdang Bedagai District Health Service and having a halal label issued by the MUI, this is done to provide convenience for business actors, especially in the Bengkel Market, in setting up their business so that it has legal force and the food produced is suitable for consumption. These are the reasons behind the researchers taking the title Sustainability Analysis of Typical Snack Center Micro Businesses Case Study of the Bengkel Market and its relation to the Economic perspective Islamic era of society 5.0.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE Business Sustainability
According to Puspitaningtyas, sustainability comes from the words sustain which means to continue and ability which means capability. In other terms, sustainability is the durability of a system and process. Sustainability is the ability of a business system to maintain its production levels established by nature over a long period of time. The concept of business sustainability assumes that a business will remain in business in the future.
Business actors always try to be able to achieve their business goals and increase their business value (Puspitaningtyas, 2017).
The basic indicators that can be used to measure sustainability practices in companies are as follows
Table 1 Basic Indicators
Economy (Profit) Nature (Planet) Social (People) Sales, Profit, Return on
Investment (ROI)
Air Quality Employment
Tax Water Quality Social Impact
Cash Flow Energy Usage Human Rights
Employment Waste Responsible
Products
The problems and solutions of MSME players regarding the sustainability of their business are a manifestation of the steps that will be continued to maintain, improve and develop their business through strengthening business management.
Factors Affecting the Sustainability ….. 2982 The factors that influence business sustainability include: Capital, marketing, technology, workforce.
Innovation
In other words, innovation is changing or finding ideas to improve and develop in order to realize consumer needs (Sukmadi, 2016, p. 30). Innovation is the creation of new ideas or adopting something new to benefit the products and services expected by customers, so innovation is a step in creating new products or processes (Hajar, 2019, p.
106). The main focus on innovation is the creation of new ideas and implementing them into new products or new processes. The goal is to provide and distribute value to customers for the better.
According to Rambat (2004), innovations that can be carried out by entrepreneurs are as follows: a) The introduction of a new item, or improvement of an existing item; b) Introduction of new production methods; c) Opening new markets, especially export markets in new areas; d) Creation or procurement of new supplies of raw or semi-finished materials; e) Creation of a new form of industrial organization
Product Sale
Sales is one part of marketing. Sales is one of the functions of the company apart from production and administration functions (JUD, 2016, p. 96). Sales are closely related to marketing and in a company, sales are important to complement marketing and production in a company, because sales are the main income for the company. Sales of products and services must be managed well so that losses do not occur within the company.
Strategic management is analysis, decisions, and is an action carried out by a company to create and maintain competitive advantage according to Certo (2010), with the right business strategy it will make it easier for entrepreneurs to achieve their goals.
Business strategy is usually summed up as a determination of how a company uses its means to compete in a particular business, as well as how to position itself among its competitors (Nisjar & Winardi, 1997, p. 194).
Information Technology
Technology means the development and application of various equipment or systems to solve problems faced by humans in everyday life. Meanwhile, the word
Factors Affecting the Sustainability ….. 2983 information can be interpreted as news that contains a certain purpose. So information technology can be interpreted as the use of computer devices as a tool for processing, presenting and managing data and information based on communication equipment (Maryono & Istiana, 2008).
The role of information technology today is not only intended for organizations, but also for individual needs. For organizations, information technology can be used to achieve competitive advantage, while for individuals this technology can be used to achieve personal excellence, including to find work (Kadir, 2005).
Market Share and Market Segmentation
Sales do not reveal how well a company is performing compared to competitors.
Therefore, management needs to track its market share. The definition of market share according to Assauri (2001) is that market share is the size of the share or total area of the market that can be controlled by a company which is usually expressed as a percentage.
According to Kotler(2008), companies whose market share increases certainly perform better than their competitors in three areas, namely new product activities, product quality, and marketing costs.
According to Assauri (2004), market segmentation is dividing the market into several different groups of buyers who may need different products or services. Market segmentation needs to be done considering that in a market there are many buyers who have different wants and needs. Basically, market segmentation is a strategy based on a consumer-oriented marketing management philosophy. By implementing market segmentation, marketing activities can be carried out more focused and company resources in the marketing sector can be used more effectively and efficiently.
According to Suprayanto and Rosad (2015), there are several criteria that must be met by market segments so that the market segmentation process can be carried out effectively and be beneficial for the company, namely: a) Different (distinctive) indicates that the segment has different characteristics and purchasing behavior from other segments;
b) Measurability indicates that the purchasing power of each segment must be able to be measured to a certain level even though in reality certain variables are not easy to measure;
c) Accessibility shows how far a segment can be reached and served effectively; d) This means (substantiality) that a group will deserve to be called a segment if it is large enough
Factors Affecting the Sustainability ….. 2984 and/or profitable enough; e) Feasibility shows how far effective programs can be designed to attract segment interest; f) Can provide benefits (profitable), namely that the target market segment can provide financial benefits for the company, both directly and indirectly.
Islamic Business Ethics
Ethics basically influences business people, especially in terms of their personality, actions and behavior (Fauzia, 2013, p. 4). Ethics comes from the Greek “ethos” which means “custom” or “habit”. According to the Big Indonesian Dictionary, (KBBI) the word ethics is interpreted as the knowledge of what is good and what is bad and about moral rights and obligations (akhlak). According to Maryani and Ludigdo, ethics are rules, norms or guidelines that regulate human behavior, whether they must be carried out or abandoned, which are adhered to by a group or society (Pananrangi, 2017, p. 96).
Islam places trading activities in a very strategic position amidst human activities to seek sustenance and to fulfill life. This can be seen in the words of Rasulullah SAW: “Pay attention to all of you on trade, indeed in the world of trade there are nine out of ten doors of sustenance”.
Halal Label
A halal label is the provision of a halal mark or written evidence as a guarantee of halal products with halal writing in Arabic letters, Latin letters and a code number from the minister issued on the basis of a halal inspection from a halal inspection agency established by the MUI (Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 33 of 2014 Concerning Halal Product Guarantees). Halal labeling is licensing for the use of the word “halal” on product packaging from a company by the POM Agency.
Business Sustainability Relation to Islamic Economics
Islamic economic principles are based on sharing and caring for the distribution of wealth, the same applies to MSMEs. Business sustainability is also closely related to the blessings of a business. Islam does not forbid and even encourages its followers to try to seek the sustenance that Allah has sown on this earth, even though business. However, Islam provides a corridor that must be followed so that Allah will approve of your good fortune. As previously explained, the law that regulates economic relations in Islam is called Muamalah.
Factors Affecting the Sustainability ….. 2985 Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are business actors operating in various business fields, touching on the interests of society. In Indonesia, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises are often abbreviated (MSMEs), MSMEs are currently considered an effective way of alleviating poverty. From statistics and research conducted, MSMEs represent the largest number of business groups. MSMEs are legally regulated through Law Number 20 of 2008 concerning Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. MSMEs are the largest group of economic actors in the Indonesian economy and have proven to be a safety valve for the national economy in times of crisis, as well as being a dynamist of economic growth after the economic crisis.
RESEARCH METHOD
This research uses a quantitative research approach with multiple regression methods. The research used is quantitative research. This method is called quantitative because research data is in the form of numbers and analysis uses statistics. Data was obtained using a questionnaire which was analyzed statistically. According to Sugiyono (2013, p. 12), quantitative research is a type of research based on the philosophy of positivism, used to research certain populations or samples, collecting data using research instruments, statistical data analysis, with the aim of testing predetermined hypotheses.
This means that researchers will distribute questionnaires to collect data in this research and will process the data through the SPSS program.
The location of the research was carried out in Pasar Bengkel Village, Serdang Bedagai Regency, with the research object being micro-entrepreneurs, typical snack centers. According to Sugiyono (2013, p. 55), population is a generalized area consisting of objects/subjects that have a certain quantity and discipline determined by researchers to be studied and then conclusions drawn. From this understanding, it can be concluded that the population is the research subject where the individuals who will be subjected to the behavior or can be said to be the entire research object that will be studied are 68 micro center businesses in Pasar Bengkel Village based on data from the Village Head’s Office, Bengkel Village in 2019.
Factors Affecting the Sustainability ….. 2986 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Bengkel Market Demographics
Serdang Bedagai Regency is a district resulting from the expansion of the main Deli Serdang Regency in accordance with Republic of Indonesia Law Number 36 of 2003 on 18th December 2003 concerning the Establishment of Samosir Regency and Serdang Bedagai Regency. The birth of the Law regarding the formation of Serdang Bedagai Regency as an expansion district refers to the proposal submitted through the Decree of the Regional People's Representative Council of North Sumatra Province Number 18/K/2002 dated 21st August 2002 concerning Approval for the Expansion of Deli Serdang Regency.
With the capital city of Sei Rampah, Serdang Bedagai Regency, at the beginning of the expansion its area reached 1,900.22 square kilometers, consisting of 11 sub-districts, which were then expanded again into 17 sub-districts. Geographically, Serdang Bedagai Regency is located at 2 degrees 57” north latitude, 3 degrees 16” south latitude, 98 degrees 33” -90 degrees 27” east longitude with an altitude ranging from 0-500 meters above sea level. To the north it borders the Malacca Strait, to the east it borders Batu Bara and Simalungun Regencies, to the south it borders Simalungun Regency and to the west it borders Deli Serdang Regency.
Based on business data, the dodol industry is in fifth place in Serdang Bedagai Regency with a total of 120 business units and is able to absorb a workforce of 85 people.
The highest industrial position is occupied by the embroidery industry with 763 business units with a workforce of 1,250 people. The population in Bengkel Village in 2019 was 4,359 people with a ratio of 2,105 men and 2,254 women and 1,142 heads of families.
The population with the highest employment status in Bengkel Village, Serdang Bedagai Regency is 1,102 people with self-employed employment status, while the lowest number of people with employment status is as a service person with 78 people.
Respondent Demographics
The object of this research is that the research objects that will be studied are 68 micro business centers in Bengkel Market Village based on data from the Village Head’s Office, Bengkel Village in 2019. There were 68 questionnaires distributed. The respondents who filled out the most questionnaires were 32 people aged 43 - 49 years,
Factors Affecting the Sustainability ….. 2987 while the fewest respondents who filled in the questionnaire were respondents aged over 56 years, namely 1 respondent.
Characteristics Based on Length of Business Table 2
Characteristics of Respondents based on Length of Business No Length of business Amount Percentage
1 15-20 years 27 39.71%
2 21 - 25 years old 40 58.82%
3 > 25 years 1 1.47%
Total 68 100.00%
Source: Primary data processed in 2023.
It can be seen that there were 27 respondents with a business experience of 15-20 years or 39.71 percent, 40 respondents with a business experience of 21 - 25 years or 58.82 percent, and 1 respondent with a business experience of more than 25 years. respondents or 1.47 percent.
Characteristics Based on Business Income Table 3
Characteristics of Respondents based on Monthly Business Income in Rupiah No Monthly Business Income in
Rupiah
Amount Percentage
1 1,000,000 - 3,000,000 18 26.47%
2 3,001,000 - 5,000,000 29 42.65%
3 5,001,000 - 7,000,000 18 26.47%
4 > 7,000,000 3 4.41%
Total 68 100.00%
Source: Processed primary data, 2023.
Table 4.3 shows respondents with monthly business income of around IDR 1,000,000 to IDR 3,000,000, - there are 18 respondents or 26.47 percent, respondents with business income of around IDR 3,001,000 to IDR 5,000,000, - there are 29 respondents or 42.65 percent, respondents with business income of around IDR 5,001,000 to IDR 7,000,000, - there were 18 respondents or 26.47 percent, and respondents with business income above IDR 7,000,000, - there were 3 respondents or 4, 41 percent.
Factors Affecting the Sustainability ….. 2988 Demographics of Respondents’ Answers
The results of respondents' statements on each questionnaire used to measure variables will be described for the respondents’ overall assessment, namely price, product quality and service quality dimensions of customer satisfaction.
Data Validity Test
The validity test is part of the test to measure whether the questionnaire items for each variable are valid or not. Questionnaire items are declared valid if r calculated is greater than r table. Previously, in this validity test, we would start by finding the calculated r value, in the following way:
Table 4
Validity of the Questionnaire
Items r-count r-table Conclusion
Item1 0.740 0.2387 valid
Item2 0.803 0.2387 valid
Items3 0.498 0.2387 valid
Items4 0.622 0.2387 valid
Items5 0.776 0.2387 valid
Item6 0.602 0.2387 valid
Item7 0.469 0.2387 valid
Items8 0.593 0.2387 valid
Items9 0.623 0.2387 valid
Items10 0.773 0.2387 valid
Item11 0.549 0.2387 valid
Items12 0.712 0.2387 valid
Items13 0.832 0.2387 valid
Items14 0.710 0.2387 valid
Items15 0.656 0.2387 valid
Items16 0.569 0.2387 valid
Item17 0.863 0.2387 valid
Items18 0.431 0.2387 valid
Items19 0.522 0.2387 valid
Items20 0.650 0.2387 valid
Item21 0.782 0.2387 valid
Items22 0.617 0.2387 valid
Items23 0.400 0.2387 valid
Items24 0.690 0.2387 valid
Items25 0.835 0.2387 valid
Items26 0.604 0.2387 valid
Items27 0.443 0.2387 valid
Factors Affecting the Sustainability ….. 2989
Source: Primary data processed in 2023.
Based on the results of the validity test calculations, all questionnaire items are declared valid because the results of r count > r table where the r – table value is 0.1986 with a total of n = 66. Therefore, in the research questionnaire with 28 statement items, these items are valid.
Reliability Test
The purpose of conducting a reliability test is to determine the level of stability of the instrument and the reliability of measuring information. This research uses the Cronbach Alpha approach reliability test. According to Nazarudiin and Basuki (2015), if Cronbach's alpha is > 0.60, then the instrument can be said to have high reliability.
Table 5
Reliability Test Results Reliability Statistics Cronbach’s Alpha N of Items
0.947 28
Source: Primary data processed in 2023.
Based on the results of the processed reliability data, it was stated that the data tested had good reliability variable values because the overall Cronbach’s Alpha value showed results that were greater than the specified critical limit, namely 0.60. From the results in the table above, it can be seen that the reliability value is 0.947.
Classic Assumption Test
This research uses part of the linear regression model which is included in the classical assumption test. Some of the data tested were the data normality test, linearity test and heteroscedasticity test respectively. Each has conditions so that the data can be said to meet these three classical assumption tests. The results obtained are as follows:
Normality Test
The purpose of carrying out a normality test is to find out whether the data is normally distributed or not.
Items28 0.551 0.2387 valid
Factors Affecting the Sustainability ….. 2990
Source: Primary data processed in 2023.
Figure 1 Histogram
It can be seen in the histogram above that if you draw a curve, it forms a bell. This means the data is distributed normally.
The next normality test was using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test with the results can be seen in the following table.
Table 6
Kolmogorov Smirnov Test Table One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
Unstandardized Residuals
N 68
Normal Parameters, b Mean .0000000
Std. Deviation .53396945
Most Extreme Differences Absolute ,080
Positive ,080
Negative -.077
Statistical Tests ,080
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) ,200c,d
a. Test distribution is Normal.
b. Calculated from data.
c. Lilliefors Significance Correction.
d. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
Source: Primary data processed in 2023.
Factors Affecting the Sustainability ….. 2991 Based on data that has been processed using SPSS, it can be seen that the significance value is more than 0.05. The value can be seen in the asymp.sig column showing the number 0.200. Overall, it can be concluded that the data in this study is normally distributed.
Multicollinearity Test
The multicollinearity test aims to test whether the regression model finds a correlation between the independent variables.
In this research, the results of the multicollinearity test can be seen in the following table.
Table 7
Multicollinearity Test
Variable Collinearity Statistics
Conclusion Tolerance VIF
X1 0.210 4,755 Not affected by symptoms of multicollinearity X2 0.293 3,409 Not affected by symptoms of
multicollinearity X3 0.253 3,949 Not affected by symptoms of
multicollinearity X4 0.269 3,716 Not affected by symptoms of
multicollinearity X5 0.315 3,178 Not affected by symptoms of
multicollinearity X6 0.221 4,531 Not affected by symptoms of
multicollinearity
Source: Primary data processed in 2023.
Heteroscedasticity Test
The heteroscedasticity test is used to test whether the regression model in the research does not have unequal variances between one another. This research uses a glacier test with the condition that if the significance value is > 0.05 then heteroscedasticity does not occur (Nazaruddin and Basuki, 2017).
The results of the heteroscedasticity test can be seen in the following Figure:
Factors Affecting the Sustainability ….. 2992
Source: Primary data processed in 2023.
Figure 2 Scatter Plot
The image above shows that the points (plot) are spread out and do not form any particular patterns, so it can be concluded that the data is not subject to heteroscedasticity.
This Glajser test can also be demonstrated partially as follows.
Table 8 Glejser Test Overall
Coefficientsa
Model
Unstandardized Coefficients
Standardized Coefficients
t Sig.
B Std.
Error Beta
1
(Constant) -0.34 0.741 -0.459 0.648
X1 -0.069 0.053 -0.344 -1,311 0.195
X2 0.067 0.048 0.306 1,376 0.174
X3 -0.092 0.057 -0.381 -1,594 0.116
X4 -0.02 0.058 -0.079 -0.339 0.736
X5 0.028 0.077 0.077 0.36 0.72
X6 0.131 0.07 0.481 1,876 0.065
a. Dependent Variable: GLEJSER
Source: Primary data processed in 2023.
Factors Affecting the Sustainability ….. 2993 From the Glejser test results in table 8 above, it can be seen:
a) The significance value of the Product Innovation variable (X1) is 0.195, which is greater than the alpha level of 0.05. So, it can be concluded that heteroscedasticity does not occur.
b) The significance value of the Product Sales Method variable (X2) is 0.174 which is greater than the alpha level of 0.05. Thus, it can be concluded that heteroscedasticity does not occur.
c) The significance value of the Information Technology variable (X3) is 0.116, which is greater than the alpha level of 0.05. Therefore, it can be concluded that heteroscedasticity does not occur.
d) The significance value of the Market Share variable (X4) is 0.736 which is greater than the alpha level of 0.05. So, it can be concluded that heteroscedasticity does not occur.
e) The significance value of the variable Ethics of Honesty and Transparency (X5), namely 0.720, is greater than greater than the alpha level of 0.05.
Therefore, it can be concluded that heteroscedasticity does not occur.
f) The significance value of the Halal Product Label variable (X6) is 0.065, which is greater than the alpha level of 0.05. Thus, it can be concluded that heteroscedasticity does not occur.
Hypothesis Testing
The research hypothesis testing carried out in this research was carried out in the following way:
T Test
The t coefficient test is used to find out how much influence an independent variable has on the dependent variable. The t table value in this study is 1.99962 with the testing degrees of freedom being n – k = 68 – 7 = 61.
The test results can be seen in the following table:
Factors Affecting the Sustainability ….. 2994 Table 9
T Test
Variable t-count Sig.
1
(Constant) 0.583 0.562
X1 3,671 0.001
X2 0.453 0.652
X3 -0.731 0.467
X4 2,058 0.044
X5 0.516 0.608
X6 3,113 0.003
a. Dependent Variable: Y
Source: Primary data processed in 2023.
F Test
The F test is used to find out whether the independent variables together (simultaneously) have an effect on the dependent variable. The F test is carried out by comparing Fcount and Ftable. The guidelines used to accept or reject a hypothesis are:
a. If Fcount < Ftable then H0 is rejected, so it can be said that all variables X have a significant influence on variable Y simultaneously.
b. If Fcount > Ftable then H0 is accepted, so it can be said that all variables X have no significant influence on variable Y simultaneously.
Coefficient of Determination
The coefficient of determination test (R2) is used to explain how much influence the independent variable has on the dependent variable (Nazaruddin and Basuki, 2017).
Table 10
Coefficient of Determination
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of the Estimate
1 0.914a 0.835 0.819 0.55961
a. Predictors: (Constant), X6, X2, X5, X3, X4, X1 b. Dependent Variable: Y
Source: Primary data processed in 2023.
Factors Affecting the Sustainability ….. 2995 Multiple Regression Analysis
The analysis technique used next is multiple regression. Data processing was carried out using the SPSS 24 program, in which the following results were obtained:
Table 11
Results of Multiple Regression Test and T Test Coefficientsa
Model
Unstandardized Coefficients
Standardized Coefficients
T Sig.
B Std.
Error Beta
1
(Constant) 0.753 1,291 0.583 0.562
X1 0.337 0.092 0.416 3,671 0.001
X2 0.038 0.084 0.043 0.453 0.652
X3 -0.073 0.100 -0.076 -
0.731 0.467
X4 0.208 0.101 0.206 2,058 0.044
X5 0.069 0.135 0.048 0.516 0.608
X6 0.377 0.121 0.344 3,113 0.003
a. Dependent Variable: Y
Source: Primary data processed in 2023.
From the Coefficients table above, the following regression equation is obtained:
Y = 0.753+0.337X1+0.038X2-0.073X3+0.208X4+0.069X5+0.377X6
The interpretation of the coefficients of the regression equation above can be explained as follows:
a) A constant of 0.753 indicates that if the independent variable is considered constant and there is no change then the sustainability of the Dodol Snack Center Micro Business, Bengkel Market increases by 0.753 percent
b) The Product Innovation regression coefficient (X1) of 0.337 indicates that increasing Product Innovation will increase the sustainability of the Dodol Snack Center Micro Business, Bengkel Market by 0.037 percent and vice versa.
c) The Product Sales Method regression coefficient (X2) is 0.038, indicating that increasing the Product Sales Method will increase the sustainability of the Dodol Snack Center Micro Business, Bengkel Market by 0.038 percent and vice versa.
Factors Affecting the Sustainability ….. 2996 d) The Information Technology regression coefficient (X3) of -0.073 indicates that
increasing Information Technology will reduce the Sustainability of the Dodol Snack Center Micro Business, Bengkel Market by 0.073 percent and vice versa.
e) The Market Share regression coefficient (X4) of 0.208 indicates that an increase in Market Share will increase the Sustainability of the Dodol Snack Center Micro Business, Bengkel Market by 0.208 percent and vice versa.
f) The regression coefficient for Ethics of Honesty and Transparency (X5) is 0.069, indicating that increasing Ethics of Honesty and Transparency will increase the sustainability of Dodol Snack Center Micro Business, Bengkel Market by 0.069 percent and vice versa.
g) The regression coefficient for the Product Halal Label (X6) is 0.377, indicating that increasing the Product Halal Label will increase the sustainability of the Dodol Snack Center Micro Business, Bengkel Market by 0.069 percent and vice versa.
The Influence of Product Innovation on the Sustainability of Dodol Snack Center Micro Business, Bengkel Market
One of the factors that companies can do to achieve sustainability is to innovate.
The importance of innovation today is not only aimed at sustainability, but also for sustainable development goals (SDG’s). The results of hypothesis testing show that there is or is a significant influence from product innovation on the sustainability of the Dodol Snack Center Micro Business, Bengkel Market.
The Influence of Product Sales Methods on the Sustainability of Dodol Snack Center Micro Business, Bengkel Market
The results of this research report that the product sales method affects the sustainability of the Dodol Snack Center Micro Business, Bengkel Market. This means that there are other things that influence the sustainability of this business apart from the product sales method. In fact, many micro business actors use online media as a method of selling their products.
The Influence of Information Technology on the Sustainability of Dodol Snack Center Micro Business, Bengkel Market
This research shows that information technology impacts the sustainability of the Dodol Snack Center Micro Business, Bengkel Market. This is supported by Budyastuti’s
Factors Affecting the Sustainability ….. 2997 research (2021), which reported that using the web as an information technology tool had no effect on business continuity.
The Influence of Market Share on the Sustainability of Dodol Snack Center Micro Business, Bengkel Market
This research shows that there is a significant influence of market share on the sustainability of the Dodol Snack Center Micro Business, Bengkel Market. This means that the micro business actors in the Bengkel Market know their market share so that is what makes this micro business survive.
The Influence of Honesty and Transparency Ethics on the Sustainability of Dodol Snack Center Micro Business, Bengkel Market
Honesty is manifested in various aspects of business, such as providing clear and accurate information about the products or services offered. There is no manipulation of data or information that could mislead consumers. However, this research shows that the ethics of honesty and transparency have no effect on the sustainability of the Dodol Snack Center Micro Business, Bengkel Market
The Influence of Halal Products on the Sustainability of Dodol Snack Center Micro Business, Bengkel Market
This research provides results that halal products affect the sustainability of the Pasar Bengkel dodol snack center micro-enterprise. This research supports Andriyani’s research (2021) who reported that halal products also have a significant effect on business sustainability. This shows that many dodol consumers pay attention to the halal status of the product. Thus, halal certification is very important nowadays. People have become very picky consumers nowadays.
CONCLUSION
The conclusions of this research are, namely
1. There is a partial and significant influence of product innovation on the sustainability of the Dodol Snack Center Micro Business, Bengkel Market
2. There is no partial influence of the product sales method on the sustainability of the Dodol Snack Center Micro Business, Bengkel Market.
Factors Affecting the Sustainability ….. 2998 3. There is no partial influence of technology on the sustainability of the Dodol Snack
Center Micro Business, Bengkel Market.
4. There is a partial and significant influence of market share on the sustainability of the Dodol Snack Center Micro Business, Bengkel Market.
5. There is no partial or significant influence of the ethics of honesty and transparency on the sustainability of the Dodol Snack Center Micro Business, Bengkel Market.
6. There is a partial and significant influence of halal products on the sustainability of the Dodol Snack Center Micro Business, Bengkel Market.
7. To determine the influence of product innovation, product sales methods, information technology, market share, ethics of honesty and transparency, and halal products on the sustainability of the Dodol Snack Center Micro Business, Bengkel Marker simultaneously.
All independent variables can explain their influence on the sustainability of the Dodol Snack Center Micro Business, Bengkel Market by 81.9 percent, the remaining 18.1 percent is influenced by other factors.
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