Karaman kadagiti kayo ti maikatlo a suson ket ti Chrysophyllum argenteum (bukel ti kape), Faramea occidentalis (kayumanggi a kape), Ixora ferrea (kayo a pichete), Marila racemosa (bato ti cachiman),. (Dagiti Lobeliaceae ken Gesneriaceae); (10) John Utley nga adda itan iti Unibersidad ti New Orleans (Marcgraviaceae); Katherine Burt-Utley ti Isu met laeng (Begoniaceae); (12) D.
GROUP 1. FERNS AND FERN ALLIW
I have ventured to summarize his extensive (50 pages) preliminary comments in the preceding sections of the Introduction. Other specialists examined specific families, such as Alwyn Gentry of the Missouri Botanical Garden in St. Louis.
GROUP 2. GYMNOSPERMS
GROUP 3. MONOCOTS
GROUP 4. ACHLAMYDEOUS AND MONOCHLAMYDEOUS DICOTS
CASUARINACEAE 3. Branchlets not jointed; leaves usually normal
NYCTAGINACEAE
ELAEOCARPACEAE S tipules present and persistent
AQUIFOLWCEAE
BIGNONIACEAE 42. Placentation axile; herbs or shrubby herbs
SCROPHULARIACEAE 40. Ovules many per locule
MYRTACEAE
RHIZOPHORACEAE 5. Leaves opposite
FABACEAE
POLYGALACEAE 25. Flower regular
SIMAROUBACEAE 33. Fruit leathery
Plants twining
It is crucial to understand the composite nature of what appears to be a "flower" in the Asteraceae. Collections were not observed and it is unlikely that this shrubby coastal calciphylla (with opposite, entire, opposite leaves) would survive in Dominica.
ASTERACEAE 31
Annual herb; leaves alternate, hairy, central and lower ovate, usually strongly toothed; inflorescences tending to be flat-topped (corymbose); sheath bracts in 2-3 series;. Erect annual herb; leaves alternate, 1-2-pinnately separated (to simple above); heads many, small (up to 0.5 cm diameter); sheath bracts in 2 series, k equal; receptacle small, convex, with pale;.
NUMBER 77 BOMBACACXAE-B~RAQINACEAE 53 Lele, swizzle-stick tree
Shrub up to 0.5 m; leaves sessile, often trinate, white hairy on the underside, linear, up to 3 cm x 0.5 cm, edges often rounded; Native to Australia but widely introduced; apparently only grown in Dominica: Roseau Botanic Garden (Fairchild 2740), Sylvania (Hodge 950).
Evolvulus 2. Shrubs or prostrate or climbing plants; leaves usually
Neotropical, but introduced into the tropics of the Old World; in Dominica on the west coast in an old citrus orchard: Colihaut (Ernst 1118). Tropical America; in Dominica at mid-elevations along the west coast Deux Branches, Jean (Ernst 1815), Layou Forest, Mt. Circumtropical, this commonly cultivated species often escapes and it is not clear where it originated; in Dominica: E.
Puerto Rico and the Lesser Antilles; in Dominica at low to mid elevations on the western slopes: Morne Cola Anglais (Lellinger 6301, Glasham (Nicolson 2089). Neotropics, West Africa and introduced to the Far East; in Dominica along the west coast: Pointe Ronde (Hodge 2688) , Roseau River Valley (Fairchild 2780), sine loc. Cucum's me10 Linnaeus, melon or musk melon, may be cultivated in Dominica, but has not been collected.
EBENACEAE-ELAECCARPACEAE 77 Diospyros revoluta
- S tipules conspicuously auriculate; leaf-blade hi- spidulous beneath on margins; ovary bullate-
Leaves glabrous or almost smooth, rounded at the tip; stamen flowers sessile; fruit capsular, >1 cm long. Spicy, erect or rising to 5 dm; stems glabrous 9r sparsely hairy; leaf blade usually glabrous, serrate, often sickle-shaped, oval-elliptic to oblong or obovate, up to 3.5 cm long; seeds wrinkled, reddish or light brown. Herb, erect to 6 dm; bald or sparsely hairy; leaf blade often sparsely hairy when young, serrate, oblong-lanceolate or ovate-elliptic, up to 3.5 cm long: seeds with 2-4 lateral ridges on each face, black.
Monoecious, bare shrub or tree; leaves whitish glassy on the underside, whole, acuminate, up to 11 cm long; young inflorescences without enclosing bracts (as in Actinostemon); capsules with a diameter of 1 cm. Tree up to 20 m; most parts densely lepidote; stipules leaf-like, composed of a petiole-like structure 3-6 mm long and an expanded leaf-like structure up to 1 cm long; leaf blade oval, up to 21 cm x 12.5 cm, blunt; fruit stony, 2-3 mm long. Vine; petioles up to 7 cm long; leaf blade cordate at the base, broadly ovate, abruptly acuminate, k entire to serrated, up to 14.5 cm long, with 2 sessile rectangular glands at the base of the leaf;
NUMBER 77 EUPHORBIACEAE-F~ACEM 89 Sapium Browne
Fruiting pedicels 0.4-3.0 cm long; bracts and bracteoles persist in flowering; style coiled through 2 turns; seeds 3-10 (see cult. taxa). Fruiting pedicels 0.1-1.7 cm long; bracts and bracteoles caducous before flowering; style different, if wound, then through 3 turns;. It is an unarmed tree with an odd number of plumes and many tiny (0.5-0.9 cm long) leaves.
Armed shrub up to 3 m, often climbing; leaflets oblong, 1.0-1.5 cm long; petals yellow; oblong, flat, finely puberulous; Usually an armed shrub up to 3 m, not climbing: leaflets oblong, up to 2.3 cm long; petals red, orange or yellow; oblong, flat, glabrous. Inflorescence up to 5 cm long; calyx and corolla wrinkled to strigose, staminal tube included in corolla tube;
- Calyx with 5 equal teeth
- reported its use in a tea
Herb up to 1 m; leaflets in 3 pairs, a club-shaped gland between the lower pair, obovate, up to 5 cm long; fruit up to 20 cm long, usually sickle-shaped, erect; seed dark, with a linear areole on both sides. Herb up to 2 m; leaflets 4-5 pairs, glabrous, ciliated, oval to lanceolate, 3-7 cm long, acute or acuminate; flower stems 1/4 inch long; styles slightly expanded and only slightly recurved; Shrubweed up to 1 m; leaflets in 3 pairs, a club-shaped gland between the two lower pairs, obovate, up to 3 cm long; juveniles up to 15 cm long, usually sickle-shaped, erect; seeds not collected in Dominica.
Leaves with petioles 1-5 cm long; pedicels >2 cm 1long; sepals united only at the base. Submerged water with sinuous, pectinate leaves up to 3 cm long; tips of stems rising from water. Shrubby weeds up to 1.2 m; leaves toothed, 5-12 cm long; upper glans arched up, much longer than the lower lip, which closes the
NUMBER 77 LAMIACEAE-LAURACEAE 123 mouth of the fruiting calyx; nutlets f spherical, brown
- GOET)
Tree up to 15 m; leaf blades glabrous, long acuminate; fruit up to 1.5 cm long, the cup red, the drupe black. Reported as a tall tree; leaves large (up to 18 cm x 9 cm) and with domatia (sometimes absent?) in the axils of the main lateral veins; flowers puberulent, bisexual; the drupe described as 2.5 cm x 1.4 cm. Lesser Antilles; known only from Dominica from the Imray collections cited in the original description (Zmray 135 by K, . 270 by GOET, K).
Avocado or z'aboca, Persea americana Miller of Central America, is cultivated in Dominica on the Carib Reserve, Lisdara (Hodge 2420) and Petit Macoucheri (Whitefoord 6033). Epiphytic herb, scape up to 40 cm; rhizoids bearing translucent pseudobulbs 2 cm in diameter and utricles 1 mm in diameter; "leaves" elliptic, lanceolate or oblanceolate; bracts basifixed; white flowers, tinged with yellow and lavender; Caribbean in South America, but only Dominica in the Lesser Antilles; Common roadside weeds in Dominica in dry west coast areas up to 500 m: Grand Savanne to St.
NUMBER 77 MALPIGHIACEAE 137
Leaf blade small (up to 6 cm), blunt to rounded and short apically at the apex; petiole up to 1 cm long; styles unequal, the shorter with a slender beak, xerophyte. Vine; leaves lanceolate or elliptical, apex acuminate; petals fimbriate, yellow; samara large, the wing >3 cm long. It has bare stems or with spreading (not bending) hairs and a mature stalk about 20 cm long.
Annual herb; stem with curved hairs; flowers yellow with a dark brown spot at the base of each petal; peduncle usually >3 cm long; fruit e l 0 cm long. Plants densely stellate-pubescent (velvety); petioles in fruit up to 1.5 cm long; carpels -10, 2 axes each, the axes slender, retroversely coiled and as long as the carpels. A suffrutescent herb, with a dense, velvety pubescence covering all parts; stipules hairy; petioles a few cm long; leaves velvety, ovate, usually -3 cm x 5 cm, rounded to f cordate at base and obtuse at apex, flowers f clustered or solitary, yellow with dark spot; peduncle short, but up to 1.5 cm in fruit; carpels 10, 2-lobed, spikes as long or longer than carpels, slender, retroversely curled.
NUMBER 77 MALVACFAE-MARCGRAVLACEAE 143 crateriform, k entire; petals yellow, cream or reddish, with a
- L. Candolle
Leaves crusty, veins below often red; inflorescence paniculate cymes; flowers large (petals >1 cm 2. Leaves not scabrous, veins not reddish; inflorescence . long). shrub up to 4 m; leaves 5-veined, stellate-pubescent beneath, elliptic, acuminate, base obtuse, up to 15 cm x 8 cm; petiole up to 5 cm; panicle cymes stellate-hairy, up to 15 cm, branches sparsely flowered and dioecious; petiole up to 5 mm; flowers 6-celled, enclosed in 2 bracts; hypanthium 4 mm,. Shrub (small tree) up to 7.5 m; leaves (3-)5-veined, veins below slightly stellate-pubescent, ovate-lanceolate, margin toothed, slightly ciliate, long pointed, base rounded to blunt, up to 15 cm x 6 cm; petiole up to 3 cm; inflorescence terminal, pyramidal-bum, up to 15 cm, rusty-star-shaped; flowers 5-parted, sessile or pedicel up to 2 mm; hypanthium stellate-pubescent, 2 mm; calyx 0.5 mm, spreading; petals 3 mm, white; filaments 2.5 mm, anther 2.5 mm; style 5 mm; fruit blue-black, 3-4 mm.
Small tree up to 4 m; leaves 3-lobed, finely white-stellate pubescent beneath, oblong-ovate, acute, base rounded or obtuse, up to 20 cm x 8 cm; petiole up to 6 cm; inflorescence pyramidal, up to 13 cm, white-pubescent; flowers 4-more;. 154 MELAST~~UTACEAE-MELIACEAE SMITHSONTAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY rounded to obtuse, up to 18 cm x 10 cm; petiole up to 8 cm; cyme. A key difference used by these authors was expressed by Howard as "leaves distinctly acrodromous with 1-2 pairs of basal veins" being effective.
Tree up to 7.5 m, 10 cm dbh; leaves tough, elliptic to annular, rounded to blunt at apex, blunt at base; flowering on leafless nodes; peduncles 2.5-6.0 mm long, minutely hispiduleous; disk 1.5 mm wide. Shrub or tree up to 10 m; leaves elliptic-lanceolate to ovate, up to 10 cm x 4.5 cm, acuminate, rounded to acute at the base and descending; flowers usually in bunches at leafless nodes; disk 2-3 mm wide; fruit spherical, yellow or orange, 1-2.5 cm in diameter with thin pulp over 1 seed. Shrub or tree up to 5 m; twigs shiny; leaves elliptic-ovoid to 13 cm x 5.5 cm, acuminate at the apex, rounded to acute at the base and then fictitiously elongated; inflorescence yellowish to light red with dense 2-branched hairs, racemes 1-2 cm long with up to 8 flowers on peduncles 3-9 mm long;
Shrub or tree up to 20 m; buds and shoots strigose; leaves ovate to 16 cm x 9 cm, acute, rounded to acute at base with margins often exuding; mediator impressed above;. Shrub or small tree; twigs sparsely pubescent with 2-branched hairs; leaves to 8 cm x 5 cm, broadly elliptic to c orbicular, base rounded to obtuse, apex rounded to obtuse, sometimes recurved; inflorescences pubescent, at terminal 1-2 nodes, the common peduncle short or lacking; disk glabrous;. Tree up to 12 m; leaves up to 9 cm x 3 cm, lanceolate to ovate, rounded to cordate at base and acute, often caudate at apex, midvein impressed, usually with a line of erect hairs above; inflorescence lax, densely pubescent with spreading hairs, disc densely pubescent; fruit spherical, pink, but turns black.
NYMPHAEACEAE
PASSIFLORACE~E-F’HYTUIACCACEAE 175 Estate (Ernst 1938), Layou Village (Ernst 1987), Roseau
A tender plant, often epiphytic; stem glabrous; leaves round, up to 0.5 cm wide, glabrous to sparsely villous. shrub up to 4 m; leaf blades palmately veined, glabrous, up to 14 neotropics; in Dominica in dry forests -100 m: Clarke. Shrub or small tree up to 3 m; leaflets immediately leafy, c 2 cm long; leaf blades up to 25 cm long, downy on the veins below and sometimes above; spikes up to 12 cm long; the fruit becomes triangular, giving the flower arrangement an increasingly spiral appearance.
Shrub or small tree; stipules eventually become liquid, >2 cm long; leaf blades up to 25 cm; hairy on the underlying veins; spines up to 15 cm long; fruit becomes elongated rectangular, giving the flower arrangement a wreath-shaped appearance. Adjanohoun et al. are said to have medicinal use of Polygala planellasi Molinet & Gomez de la Maza in Dominica. Perennial, glabrous herb up to 1.5 m: ochreae not ciliate; styles Pantropical but very unusual in the Lesser Antilles; only 2(-3?); achenes lenticular (or triquetrous?).
NUMBER 77 FQRTULACACEAE-RHLZOPHORACEWE 183 Plants with conspicuous axillary tufts of hairs; leaves linear;
Tree up to 10 m; stipules deltoid, deciduous; inflorescence paniculate, lax: peduncles -1 cm long: calyx with truncate rim;. Middle tree; leaves obovate, glabrous, clustered at ends of branches; stipules acute, deciduous; corolla pale yellow, 5-lobed, -2 cm long and 3 cm wide; expressed style; fruits -6 cm long, brown, with thick walls, many seeds. Leaves > 15 cm long, glabrous above, hairy below only on veins; leaflets broad, >1 cm long.
Shrub up to 4 m with small-flowered cymes up to 2 cm; corollas white, edges entire; the fruits are dry, without ridges. Shrub or tree up to 9 m; leaflets deciduous, >1 cm long, obtuse or rounded; terminal inflorescence, usually long-stalked; Two cultivated species have been recorded in Dominica, each with luxuriant corollas 6–10 cm long: (1) Randia formosa (Jacquin) Schumann, now called Rosenbergiodendron formosum (Jacquin) Fagerlind, has elongated, needle-like calyx teeth (Roseau Botanical Garden: Fairchild 2664, Hodge 913); (2) Randia maculata A.P.