No wonder that a popular drink like tea has a rich history dating back to ancient times. Indeed, today tea takes the second place in the world after water, and it is difficult to find such a corner on Earth where this drink would not be loved. Yes, in different regions people may prefer different varieties of tea, use all kinds of recipes for tea brewing, that are fundamentally different from each other, but one way or another, almost everyone drinks tea. However, it was not always the case. There were times when people did not even know about this tangy drink. Since the discovery of tea to present day, it has come a long and sometimes difficult path. And today I will try to tell you the whole history of tea from ancient times to modern era.
Tak heran jika minuman populer seperti teh memiliki sejarah yang kaya sejak zaman dahulu kala.
Memang, saat ini teh menempati urutan kedua di dunia setelah air, dan sulit untuk menemukan sudut di Bumi di mana minuman ini tidak disukai. Ya, di berbagai daerah orang mungkin lebih menyukai jenis teh yang berbeda, menggunakan semua jenis resep untuk menyeduh teh, yang pada dasarnya berbeda satu sama lain, tetapi dengan satu atau lain cara, hampir semua orang minum teh. Namun, hal ini tidak selalu terjadi. Ada kalanya orang bahkan tidak mengetahui tentang minuman tajam ini. Sejak ditemukannya teh hingga saat ini, telah melalui perjalanan yang panjang dan terkadang sulit. Dan hari ini saya akan
mencoba menceritakan seluruh sejarah teh dari zaman dahulu hingga zaman modern.
History
Tea is a popular drink has a rich history dating back to ancient times. tea takes the second place in the world after water. in different regions people may prefer different varieties of tea, use all kinds of recipes for tea brewing, that are fundamentally different from each other, but one way or another, almost everyone drinks tea. However, it was not always the case. There were times when people did not even know about this tangy drink. Since the discovery of tea to present day, it has come a long and sometimes difficult path.
The birthplace of tea is rightfully considered to be Southwestern China and the geographically adjacent regions – Burma and North Vietnam. Wild varieties of the tea bush (бууш) grew and grow here.
According to Chinese mythology, the discovery of tea is assigned to the Chinese emperor and father of Chinese medicine, Shen Nong, who lived in China around 2700 BC. He had extensive knowledge in the field of medicine and herbal drugs. There is an opinion that the history of tea began at the moment when Shen Nong, tired from work, decided to boil water on a fire and did not notice how the leaves from the tree fell into it. After drinking the brewed drink, he felt cheerful and full of energy, warmth spread throughout his body. Then he realized that he had found a new remedy and decided to better study its properties. After this discovery, the Chinese began to actively study tea plants and grow them.
A little later in China, the word tea got its own hieroglyph which is made in the form of a tree with flowers, leaves and a person between them. It symbolizes the harmony of man with nature. But this character was pronounced differently in different regions of China, hence the difference in the name of the drink nowadays. In Russia and other countries in the north, the name of the drink "chai" came from the northern Chinese "cha", and it came through a group of Turkic languages, but in Europe "tea"
appeared from the southern Chinese pronunciation "te", this explains the difference in pronunciation of the name of the drink.
Tempat kelahiran teh dianggap sebagai Cina Barat Daya dan wilayah yang berdekatan secara geografis – Burma dan Vietnam Utara. Varietas semak teh liar (бууш) tumbuh dan tumbuh di sini. Menurut mitologi Tiongkok, penemuan teh dipercayakan kepada kaisar Tiongkok dan bapak pengobatan Tiongkok, Shen Nong, yang tinggal di Tiongkok sekitar tahun 2700 SM. Beliau memiliki pengetahuan yang luas di bidang kedokteran dan obat-obatan herbal. Ada pendapat bahwa sejarah teh dimulai pada saat Shen Nong, yang lelah bekerja, memutuskan untuk merebus air di atas api dan tidak memperhatikan bagaimana daun dari pohonnya jatuh ke dalamnya. Setelah meminum minuman yang diseduh, ia merasa ceria dan penuh energi, kehangatan menyebar ke seluruh tubuhnya. Kemudian dia menyadari bahwa dia telah menemukan obat baru dan memutuskan untuk mempelajari khasiatnya dengan lebih baik. Setelah penemuan ini, orang Tiongkok mulai aktif mempelajari tanaman teh dan menanamnya. Beberapa saat kemudian di Cina, kata teh mendapat hieroglifnya sendiri, yang dibuat dalam bentuk pohon dengan bunga, daun, dan orang di antara keduanya. Melambangkan keharmonisan manusia dengan alam.
Namun karakter ini diucapkan secara berbeda di berbagai daerah di Tiongkok, sehingga perbedaan nama minuman tersebut saat ini. Di Rusia dan negara-negara lain di utara, nama minuman "chai" berasal dari bahasa Cina utara "cha", dan berasal dari sekelompok bahasa Turki, tetapi di Eropa "teh" muncul dari pengucapan Cina selatan "te ", ini menjelaskan perbedaan pengucapan nama minuman tersebut. Tea comes from southwestern China and the geographically adjacent regions – Burma and North Vietnam.
According to Chinese mythology, the discovery of tea is assigned to the Chinese emperor and father of Chinese medicine, Shen Nong, who lived in China around 2700 BC.
the history of tea began at the moment when Shen Nong, tired from work, decided to boil water on a fire and did not notice how the leaves from the tree fell into it. After drinking the brewed drink, he felt cheerful and full of energy, warmth spread throughout his body.
Dev china
After this discovery, the Chinese began to actively study tea plants and grow them. A little later in China, the word tea got its own hieroglyph which is made in the form of a tree with flowers, leaves and a person between them. It symbolizes the harmony of man with nature.
Chinese prince Zhou Gong had described tea. He noted that after drinking this bitter-tasting drink, a person begins to think better, wants to sleep less, and the body becomes lighter. Back in the days, people used tea as a medicine.
Han era, tea becomes a common item in the Chinese market, especially in modern Sichuan, it becomes popular among all social groups
the Tang Dynasty, the tea industry developed rapidly with new technologies for growing and processing tea leaves
The earliest manuscripts with reference to tea, survived, dated 1115 BC, in which the Chinese prince Zhou Gong had described tea. He noted that after drinking this bitter-tasting drink, a person begins to
think better, wants to sleep less, and the body becomes lighter. During the era of the Zhou Dynasty , the Chinese drank wine, beverages and brews, among which was tea. Back in the days, people used tea as a medicine. A little later in the Han era, tea becomes a common item in the Chinese market,
especially in modern Sichuan, it becomes popular among all social groups. During the Tang Dynasty, the tea industry developed rapidly with new technologies for growing and processing tea leaves. Tea has become an integral element of Chinese culture, it was sung in songs and poems, depicted in paintings and drawings. And around this period, tea started to be recognized outside of China. The Buddhist monk Dengo Daishi brought knowledge of tea to Japan. At the beginning of the 9th century, he studied in China, and when he returned to Japan, he took tea tree seeds with him. So tea spread in the monastic environment. The monks used it during long meditations in order to cheer up and refresh. But in the thirteenth century tea gained popularity outside the monasteries as well.
Naskah paling awal yang mengacu pada teh, yang masih ada, bertanggal 1115 SM, di mana pangeran Tiongkok Zhou Gong menggambarkan teh. Ia mencatat, setelah meminum minuman yang rasanya pahit ini, seseorang mulai berpikir lebih baik, ingin tidur lebih sedikit, dan badan menjadi lebih ringan. Pada era Dinasti Zhou, masyarakat Tiongkok meminum anggur, minuman dan minuman, di antaranya adalah teh. Dahulu, orang menggunakan teh sebagai obat. Beberapa saat kemudian di era Han, teh menjadi barang umum di pasar Tiongkok, terutama di Sichuan modern, teh menjadi populer di kalangan semua kelompok sosial. Selama Dinasti Tang, industri teh berkembang pesat dengan teknologi baru untuk menanam dan mengolah daun teh. Teh telah menjadi bagian integral dari budaya Tiongkok, dinyanyikan dalam lagu dan puisi, digambarkan dalam lukisan dan gambar. Dan sekitar periode ini, teh mulai dikenal di luar Tiongkok. Biksu Buddha Dengo Daishi membawa pengetahuan tentang teh ke Jepang. Pada awal abad ke-9, ia belajar di Tiongkok, dan ketika kembali ke Jepang, ia membawa serta bibit pohon teh. Jadi teh menyebar di lingkungan biara. Para biksu menggunakannya selama meditasi panjang untuk
menyegarkan dan menyegarkan. Namun pada abad ketiga belas, teh juga mendapatkan popularitas di luar biara.
Tea is known in Asia
The Buddhist monk Dengo Daishi brought knowledge of tea to Japan. At the beginning of the 9th century, he studied in China, and when he returned to Japan, he took tea tree seeds with him. So tea spread in the monastic environment. The monks used it during long meditations in order to cheer up and refresh. But in the thirteenth century tea gained popularity outside the monasteries as well.
The Japanese began their own research and developed a national tea ceremony unlike the Chinese tea drinking. In China, the focus is on enjoying the taste and aroma of the drink, and in Japan - on the ritual of the ceremony itself. Black tea was the first to come from China to India, which the Indians studied and tried to grow. But the Indians lacked the knowledge of how to efficiently collect, store and transport tea leaves until a Dutch company joined the tea business in India in 1728 and decided to grow tea on Indian land. The company hired many Chinese artisans to grow tea according to the Chinese model, which made it possible to obtain tea of the original Chinese quality. Then, in 1833, the British East India Company came to India to grow tea. At first they grew Chinese tea plants, but then they realized that it was more convenient and profitable to cultivate Assam tea, which was better
adapted to Indian soil. As early as 1839, Assamese tea was being sold in London. Over time, the British mechanized the process of growing and processing tea, equipping Indian plantations with their technological equipment. This allowed the British to obtain a quality product in large quantities. So India became the land for growing tea for all the countries of Europe.
Orang Jepang memulai penelitian mereka sendiri dan mengembangkan upacara minum teh nasional, tidak seperti upacara minum teh di Tiongkok. Di Cina, penekanannya adalah pada menikmati rasa dan aroma minuman, dan di Jepang, pada ritual upacara itu sendiri. Teh hitam adalah teh pertama yang datang dari Tiongkok ke India, yang dipelajari dan dicoba ditanam oleh orang India. Namun masyarakat India kurang memiliki pengetahuan tentang cara mengumpulkan, menyimpan, dan mengangkut daun teh secara efisien hingga sebuah perusahaan Belanda bergabung dengan bisnis teh di India pada tahun 1728 dan memutuskan untuk menanam teh di tanah India. Perusahaan mempekerjakan banyak perajin Tiongkok untuk menanam teh menurut model Tiongkok, sehingga memungkinkan diperolehnya teh dengan kualitas asli Tiongkok. Kemudian, pada tahun 1833, British East India Company datang ke India untuk menanam teh. Awalnya mereka menanam tanaman teh Cina, tetapi kemudian mereka menyadari bahwa menanam teh Assam lebih nyaman dan menguntungkan, yang lebih beradaptasi dengan tanah India. Pada awal tahun 1839, teh Assam dijual di London. Seiring waktu, Inggris melakukan mekanisasi proses penanaman dan pengolahan teh, melengkapi perkebunan India dengan peralatan teknologi mereka. Hal ini memungkinkan Inggris memperoleh produk berkualitas dalam jumlah banyak. Sehingga India menjadi negeri penanaman teh bagi seluruh negara Eropa.
Tea is know in India
Black tea was the first to come from China to India, which the Indians studied and tried to grow. But the Indians lacked the knowledge of how to efficiently collect, store and transport tea leaves
a Dutch company joined the tea business in India in 1728 and decided to grow tea on Indian land.
the British East India Company came to India to grow tea. At first they grew Chinese tea plants, but then they realized that it was more convenient and profitable to cultivate Assam tea, which was better adapted to Indian soil.
In general, the Portuguese, Dutch and English began to carry tea from China to Europe at the beginning of the 17th century. Initially, the tea became known as a medicinal drink, but eventually after decades, it started to be consumed for pleasure. The Chinese in those days considered Europeans to be
barbarians and were happy to sell them black teas, which they themselves considered low-grade garbage, and kept the best high-mountain green teas for themselves. Therefore, in Europe they drank mostly black tea, moreover, it was cheaper and much more difficult to fake. The French learned about tea from the Dutch in 1636. One of the first tea drinkers was King Louis XIV. He learned that the Chinese and Japanese, thanks to tea, do not suffer from gout and ordered to treat him this way too. In England, tea was imported by the English East India Company. In 1662, the English king Charles II married the Portuguese princess Catherine, who was a raptured tea lover and introduced tea drinking and set it up as a custom into the court, which, of course, had a positive effect on income of tea merchants and was also considered as a victory over alcohol, which the lords and ladies drank
"morning, afternoon and evening." In mailand Europe and Scandinavia, tea could not take a leading position, these countries remained predominantly "coffee", but in England, tea became a national drink. The import of tea increased every year: if in 1690 no more than 10 tons were imported, then in 1790 it was already more than 4 thousand tons of tea Due to growing demand and complications in trade with China, the British began to develop tea production in the Indian, and then in the Ceylon colonies.
Secara umum bangsa Portugis, Belanda dan Inggris mulai membawa teh dari Tiongkok ke Eropa pada awal abad ke-17. Awalnya teh dikenal sebagai minuman obat, namun lama kelamaan setelah berpuluh- puluh tahun, teh mulai dikonsumsi untuk kesenangan. Orang Cina pada masa itu menganggap orang Eropa sebagai orang barbar dan dengan senang hati menjual teh hitam kepada mereka, yang mereka sendiri anggap sebagai sampah kualitas rendah, dan menyimpan sendiri teh hijau dataran tinggi terbaik.
Oleh karena itu, di Eropa mereka kebanyakan minum teh hitam, apalagi lebih murah dan lebih sulit dipalsukan. Orang Prancis mempelajari teh dari Belanda pada tahun 1636. Salah satu peminum teh pertama adalah Raja Louis XIV. Dia mengetahui bahwa orang Cina dan Jepang, berkat teh, tidak menderita asam urat dan memerintahkan untuk mengobatinya dengan cara yang sama. Di Inggris, teh diimpor oleh English East India Company. Pada tahun 1662, raja Inggris Charles II menikahi putri Portugis Catherine, yang merupakan seorang pecinta teh dan memperkenalkan minum teh dan menjadikannya sebagai kebiasaan di istana, yang tentu saja berdampak positif pada pendapatan pedagang teh dan juga dianggap sebagai kemenangan atas alkohol, yang diminum oleh para bangsawan "pagi, siang dan malam". Di Eropa Timur dan Skandinavia, teh tidak dapat mengambil posisi terdepan, negara-negara ini tetap didominasi “kopi”, tetapi di Inggris teh menjadi minuman nasional. Impor teh meningkat setiap tahun: jika pada tahun 1690 yang diimpor tidak lebih dari 10 ton, maka pada tahun 1790 sudah lebih dari 4 ribu ton teh. Karena meningkatnya permintaan dan rumitnya perdagangan dengan China, Inggris mulai mengembangkan produksi teh. di India, dan kemudian di koloni Ceylon
Tea is know in eropa
In general, the Portuguese, Dutch and English began to carry tea from China to Europe at the beginning of the 17th century. Initially, the tea became known as a medicinal drink, but eventually after decades, it started to be consumed for pleasure
The French learned about tea from the Dutch in 1636. One of the first tea drinkers was King Louis XIV.
He learned that the Chinese and Japanese, thanks to tea, do not suffer from gout and ordered to treat him this way too.
In England, tea was imported by the English East India Company. In 1662, the English king Charles II married the Portuguese princess Catherine, who was a raptured tea lover and introduced tea drinking In mailand Europe and Scandinavia, tea could not take a leading position, these countries remained predominantly "coffee", but in England, tea became a national drink. The import of tea increased every year: if in 1690 no more than 10 tons were imported, then in 1790 it was already more than 4
thousand tons of tea
Such famous varieties of tea as Assam and Darjeeling originate, specifically from india. atempts were also made to grow tea in Africa, some of which were successful and led to the emergence of African primarily Kenyan tea. By 1887, the amount of tea from colonies exceeded purchases from China. The issue of the pace of tea transportation became urgent. And they began to transport it by sea on the so- called tea clippers, the most advanced and fastest ships of their time, among which races were often arranged with a mandatory prize at the end of the competition. There is a known case at such tea races, when three clippers traveled more than 25 thousand kilometers and at the same time entered the harbor side by side. After the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, the delivery time was sharply reduced, consequently, its cost fell; tea became cheaper, sales volumes doubled in 15 years. Tea came to America in 1690, initially it was sold in Boston.
Varietas teh terkenal seperti Assam dan Darjeeling berasal, khususnya dari India. upaya juga dilakukan untuk menanam teh di Afrika, beberapa di antaranya berhasil dan menyebabkan munculnya teh Afrika, terutama teh Kenya. Pada tahun 1887, jumlah teh dari koloni melebihi pembelian dari Tiongkok.
Persoalan laju transportasi teh menjadi mendesak. Dan mereka mulai mengangkutnya melalui laut dengan apa yang disebut gunting teh, kapal paling canggih dan tercepat pada masanya, di antaranya sering diadakan perlombaan dengan hadiah wajib di akhir kompetisi. Ada kasus yang diketahui pada perlombaan teh seperti itu, ketika tiga alat pemotong menempuh jarak lebih dari 25 ribu kilometer dan pada saat yang sama memasuki pelabuhan secara berdampingan. Setelah pembukaan Terusan Suez pada tahun 1869, waktu pengiriman berkurang tajam, akibatnya biayanya turun; teh menjadi lebih murah, volume penjualan meningkat dua kali lipat dalam 15 tahun. Teh datang ke Amerika pada tahun 1690, awalnya dijual di Boston.
At that time, Britain wanted to monopolize the tea market in America and issued the “Tea Act”, which allowed only the British East India Company to sell tea in the Thirteen American colonies at an understated prices, while the goods of other companies were heavily imposed a tax on. This was supposed to improve the financial condition of the East India Company. For Americans, the “Tea Act”
became a symbol of British tyranny. On December 16, 1773, Americans couldn’t stand it any longer, and, as a protest against the “Tea Act”, they boarded the ship of the British East India Company and poured all the tea overboard. In response to the protests, Britain passed a law banning the sale of tea in Boston until the value of the discarded tea was fully compensated. This was one of the reasons of the American Revolutionary War in 1775.
Pada saat itu, Inggris ingin memonopoli pasar teh di Amerika dan mengeluarkan “Undang-Undang Teh”, yang hanya mengizinkan British East India Company untuk menjual teh di Tiga Belas koloni Amerika dengan harga yang lebih rendah, sementara barang-barang dari perusahaan lain sangat mahal.
dikenakan pajak pada. Hal ini seharusnya memperbaiki kondisi keuangan East India Company. Bagi orang Amerika, “Undang-Undang Teh” menjadi simbol tirani Inggris. Pada tanggal 16 Desember 1773, orang Amerika tidak tahan lagi, dan, sebagai protes terhadap “Undang-Undang Teh”, mereka menaiki kapal British East India Company dan menuangkan semua teh ke laut. Menanggapi protes tersebut, Inggris mengeluarkan undang-undang yang melarang penjualan teh di Boston sampai nilai teh yang dibuang mendapat kompensasi penuh. Inilah salah satu penyebab terjadinya Perang Revolusi Amerika pada tahun 1775.
A little later, in 1784, the Americans built the first ship that successfully sailed to China and returned with a laden with tea. Since then, China and the US successfully carry on business in different
industries. As you understood, Wherever tea got, it became demanded and popular. Starting its history in ancient China, tea has become widespread in all corners of the modern world. Wherever you come, almost everywhere you can have a cup of tea, offered by the locals as a sign of hospitality and respect.
Studying tea in 2700 BC, Shen Nong most likely had no idea that his discovery would subsequently have such a strong impact on the culture of many people and influence the course of history so much.
Beberapa saat kemudian, pada tahun 1784, Amerika membangun kapal pertama yang berhasil berlayar ke Tiongkok dan kembali dengan membawa teh. Sejak itu, Tiongkok dan AS berhasil menjalankan bisnis di industri yang berbeda. Seperti yang Anda pahami, Di mana pun teh didapat, teh menjadi diminati dan populer. Memulai sejarahnya di Tiongkok kuno, teh telah tersebar luas di seluruh penjuru dunia modern.
Ke mana pun Anda datang, hampir di mana pun Anda bisa menikmati secangkir teh, yang ditawarkan oleh penduduk setempat sebagai tanda keramahtamahan dan rasa hormat. Mempelajari teh pada tahun 2700 SM, Shen Nong kemungkinan besar tidak menyangka bahwa penemuannya selanjutnya akan memberikan dampak yang begitu kuat terhadap budaya banyak orang dan begitu mempengaruhi jalannya sejarah.
development of tea in the world
Such famous varieties of tea as Assam and Darjeeling originate, specifically from india. atempts were also made to grow tea in Africa, some of which were successful and led to the emergence of African primarily Kenyan tea.
After the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, the delivery time was sharply reduced, consequently, its cost fell; tea became cheaper, sales volumes doubled in 15 years. Tea came to America in 1690, initially it was sold in Boston
And now, everywhere you can have a cup of tea, offered by the locals as a sign of hospitality and respect.
