The purpose of the study is: (1) to find out types of grammatical connection consisting of reference, substitution, conjunction and ellipsis; (2) to find out the dominant type of grammatical context in the conversational text of the novel Midnight Library written by Matt Haig. The main source of the data was the conversation text found in the novel The Midnight Library written by Matt Haig. The result of the data analysis showed 4 types of grammatical coherence in the novel 'Midnatsbiblioteket' used in the conversational text, consisting of reference, substitution, conjunction and ellipsis.
INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
It derives this texture from the fact that it functions as a unity in relation to its environment.5 The texture is expressed in the meaning that exists within a text and is then called coherence. The researcher conducts a text novel to find out the grammatical coherence in the novel entitled The Midnight Library, written by Matt Haig. And the researcher named this study “The grammatical cohesion found in the novel of The Midnight Library, written by Matt Haig.”
Research Focus
It was first written by the talented Matt Haig, whose works have been translated into forty languages. Thus, based on the phenomenon, the researcher is encouraged to conduct a research to analyze the grammatical cohesion found in the novel The Midnight Library written by Matt Haig. The researcher hopes that the results of this study will help students to understand English text better and understand more about grammatical cohesion.
Research Question
Objective of the Study
Significances of the Study
Systematic Discussion
This chapter involves research approach and design, data and data source, data collection technique and data analysis technique. The research results are about the coherence analysis in the novel midnight library, which is realized in the system of grammatical coherence. The conclusion describes the summary of the research result, while the suggestions are recommendations to other people who are interested in a similar topic in this research for further study to make it better.
Theoretical Background
- Systematic Fungsional linguistic
- Text
- Cohesion
- Grammatical Cohesion
- Personal Reference
- Demonstrative Reference
- Comparative Reference
- Nominal Substitution
- Verbal Substitution
- Clausal substitution
- Addictive conjunction
- Adversative Conjunction
- Causal Conjunction
- Temporal conjunction
- Nominal Ellipsis
- Verbal Ellipsis
- Clausal Ellipsis
- Lexical Cohesion
- Novel
- Science Fiction
- Fantasy
- Thriller/ Mistery
- Comedy
- Synopsis of The Midnight Library
- Biography of Matt Haig
The text has its own rules in the way they are organized based on human needs. 3 Thomas Bloor and Meriel Bloor, 'The Functional Analysis of English 2nd Edition (London: Oxford University Press Inc, 2004), 2. 10 Dias Andris Susanto and SetiyoWatik, “The Interpersonal Meaning Realized in the Lyrics of Christina Perri's STRONGLO Album LO and Contribution to teaching a modern English grammar," DEIKSIS, 09, No.
17 Alvi Laelawati, »The Realization of Interpersonal Meaning in the Speech I Have A Dream by Martin Luther King,« A Final Project, (Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, 2019), 29. 18 Eka Purwaningsih, »The Interpersonal Meaning of Songs Lyric V albumu Everday Lifes skupine Coldplay,« (diplomska naloga, IAIN Ponorogo, 2021), 21.
Previous Research
This study addresses the types of grammatical cohesion in students' abstracts in the English Education Department of FKIP UMSU. 73 Therefore, the similarity between the researcher's study and Sri Rejeki's study is the use of grammatical cohesion analysis to analyze the data, and the descriptive qualitative method was applied to this study. The difference between the researcher's study and Sri Rejeki's study is in the data source.
We can conclude that the dominant types used in students' essay writing are reference and conjunction.74 The similarity between the researcher's study and Aryani Madinatul's study is the analysis of grammatical cohesion found in the data and the use of a descriptive qualitative method. The difference between the researcher's study and the Aryani Madinatul study is in the source of the data. The fourth is a magazine by the authors Eriska Novita Rahma and Endratno Pilih Swasono (2017) entitled "Grammatical Cohesion In The Short Story.
This study examines the types of grammatical cohesion and the frequency of grammatical cohesion in the short story "Tanya's Reunion" by Valarie Flournoy. 75 The similarity between the researcher's study with Eriska Novita Rahma's and Endratno Pilih Swasono's study is the analysis of the grammatical context found in the data. In conclusion, the student's most dominantly used conjunction in writing, especially in writing descriptive paragraphs.76 The similarity between the researcher's study and Nia Zainiyah's study is the analysis of grammatical coherence found in the data.
The difference of the study between the researcher's study and Nia Zainiyah's study is in the data source.
Theoretical Framework
The result of the research shows the use of conjunction in grammatical cohesion types is the highest found in the students' writing of descriptive paragraph than other types. Nia Zainiyah uses the thesis of the student of the English education department at the State Institute of Islamic Studies of Metro, while the researcher uses a novel by Matt Haig titled The Midnight Library.
RESEARCH METHOD RESEARCH METHOD
Research Approve and Design
A descriptive design is used because this study does not involve a treatment, but a narrative text conversation in the form of a novel. 4 Next, Fox W and Bayat state that the purpose of descriptive research is to shed light on current issues or problems through a process of data collection.5 It can completely describe the situation or condition. 4 Destia, Yuhaimi, An Analysis of Lexical Cohesion in OP-ED Articles Of The Jakarta Post, (Thesis, UAS: Banda Aceh, 2018), 27.
The purpose of descriptive research is to explain research in more detail, fill in the missing part and expand the understanding. Arikunto states, The source of data in the study is the subjects from which the data can be obtained. The research did not get more data without source data.36 The data of the research was from conversational text in a novel titled "The Midnight Library" the sentence contains grammatical coherence.
A primary data source is one where the creator was a direct witness or was otherwise directly involved or related to the event. The primary data source in this study is the conversation text from the novel “The Midnight Library” by Matt Haig. Next, the secondary data from Michael Halliday's theory that the researcher uses to analyze the text of the novel is Systemic Functional Linguistic (SFL), which focuses on grammatical cohesion analysis.
When analyzing the text of the novel Midnight Library, the data is in the form of clauses contained in the text of the novel Midnight Library.
Technique of Data Collection
The technique of collecting data is the way in which the researcher collects the data in the research. In this research, the researcher uses the documentary technique to collect the data, by getting the data from the text of the novel. The documentary technique is the technique used to categorize, investigate, interpret and identify the limitations of physical sources, most commonly written documents, whether in the private or public domain (personal documents, commercial records, state archives, communications or legislation). 10 Other data sources can be from transcripts, books, novels, newspapers, magazines, scripts, etc.
The researcher marks the sentence or words in the novel by categorizing them into grammatical coherence by underlining.
Technique Of Data Analysis
At this stage, the researcher draws conclusions and presents the reconstruction of the meaning obtained from the data. In addition to answering the dominant forms of grammatical cohesion in Matt Haig's novel The Midnight Library, the researcher uses percentages.
Checking The Validity of The Research
In this study, the researcher used the triangulation technique because the researcher collected data by using observation and documentation.
Findings
- Types of Grammatical Cohesion in “The Midnight Library”
- The Dominant types of grammatical cohesion
Mrs Elm: Crazy dear, it's natural to worry about your future, of course you'll worry about exams. 10 Mrs. Elm: Every book here, every book in this entire library - except one - is a version of your life. Mrs. Elm: Maybe so. but anything involving academic work was ridiculous.
And then he quoted Robert Frost. and I-/I took the one less traveled, / And that made all the difference. 14 Mrs. Elm: Actions cannot be reserved within a lifetime, no matter how hard we try, but that no longer applies to a lifetime. 16 Mrs. Elm: The moment you decide that you want that life, really want it, everything that now exists in your mind, including this Midnight Library, will ultimately be a memory so fashionable and elusive that it will hardly be there anymore .
49 Mrs. Elm: I remember when we started playing chess in the school library, you'd lose your best players right away. 54 Mrs. Elm: Look how tidy, safe, and calm she looks now, before a game begins. 57 Mrs. Elm: That means there are still as many possible lives for you as there ever were.
66 Mrs. Elm: I don't know how you remember me, but outside of school I wasn't always that,. 53 Mrs. Elm: That's why you can never go back to a life you've tried. 55 Mrs Elm: they're exactly as full as they were when you first got here, aren't they.
GRAMMATICAL COHESION IN THE MIDNIGHT LIBRARY NOVEL
Discussion
These are classified in the data above as a personal reference and categorized as personal pronouns. This in the data above is a demonstrative reference and indicates in cataphoric reference, because forward refers to "possibility". He” in the data above is a reference that is classified as a personal reference and is identified as a man.
This means that we find all kinds of substitutions in the text of the conversation in the novel Midnight Library. His words replace the first line of dialogue, which is "believe in parallel universes". The researcher found the opposite relationship shown by the word “actually” in the data above.
The author finds that the temporal conjunction in the data above is shown by the word "and then". The data above shows a clausal conjunction through the word "the reason" is reason information. Exploration of referential coherence in the novel titled “The Fault Our Stars” By John (Dissertation, IAIN Syeikh Nur Jati).
An Analysis of Grammatical Cohesion in the Thesis Background of English Language Education Students at Universitas Islam Riau.
