Acknowledgments
The Editors
Contributors
Mary Ann Feldheim Associate Professor, Department of Public Administration, University of Central Florida, Daytona Beach, Florida. Charles Garofalo Professor, Department of Political Science, Texas State University-San Marcos, San Marcos, Texas.
Introduction
The subjects' major and minor works are developed and linked to modern public administration theory. Finally, the authors' own assessment of the importance of each individual's work is a thread that binds these various components throughout each chapter.
Modernism and Public Administration Theory
Nevertheless, they radically changed Western thinking and especially influenced the views of non-modernists. These philosophers were secular thinkers who focused on the well-being of the people, as defined by the rigorous rational thinking associated with the scientific method.
Premodern
There is little in the Hebrew Bible that directly addresses these issues in a way that helps us understand modern public administration. The connections between the Hebrew Bible and modern variants of these issues in public administration are insightful and impressive.
Modernist Defined
They then explain Machiavelli's contributions to modern philosophy, modern science, and public administration. Griffith explains the influence of John Locke on American government and the version of public administration that evolved in America.
Early Loyal Opposition to the Modernist
Adam Smith's legacy provides the conceptual space in which government and public administration are now seen and understood. The conceptual space forms part of the basic assumptions, the conceptual basis, for public administration thinking and practice.
American Modernist Influence
Making Democracy Safe for the World: Public Administration in the Political Thought of Woodrow Wilson. Stivers traces the history, philosophy, and influence of the civil service movement on modern public administration.
Later Modernist Opposition
His main influence was the idea of social justice embraced by the new public administration in the 1970s. With the new public administration, effective public administration is redefined in the context of active and participatory citizens.
Rise of Postmodernism
He explains to us the segment of modernism called positivism and its influence on public administration at the beginning of the 20th century. Fox and Miller conclude by calling for common ground between competing paradigms in public administration to improve public conversation.
Twenty-First-Century Alternatives
Finally, Cruise and Lynch discuss several key issues that must be addressed if effective program evaluation is to be conducted in virtually networked organizations in the 21st century. According to Lynch and Lynch, the approach to public sector ethics used in the last years of the 20th century is inadequate.
Conclusion
For example, modernists such as Locke and Bentham would be ranked as "high". In contrast, Edmund Burke and Rawls would rank "low." For the third question, which addresses the dimension of government capability, a "high" rating means a strong belief that government is a positive instrument for addressing and solving society's problems. For example, Woodrow Wilson would be ranked as "high." In contrast, modern 20th century conservatives would rank as "low."
Notes
Caesar, the things that are Caesar's, give to God the things that are God's; the issue of government efficiency per se was not central to Jesus' perspective.
Contents
PREMODERN
MODERNIST DEFINED
EARLY LOYAL OPPOSITION TO THE MODERNIST 11 The Legacy of David Hume for American Public
AMERICAN MODERNIST INFLUENCE 13 Classical Pragmatism, the American Experiment, and
LATER MODERNIST OPPOSITION
RISE OF POSTMODERNISM
TWENTY-FIRST-CENTURY ALTERNATIVES 28 Neoliberal Economics, Public Domains, and
PREMODERN
- Plato and the Invention of Political Science
- Aristotle, MacIntyre, and Virtue Ethics
- What Jesus Says to Public Administration
- The Hebrew Bible and Public Administration
And he will take your fields and your vineyards and your olive fields, even the best of them. And he will take your servants and your maidservants and your handsomest young men and your donkeys and put them to his work.
Plato and the Invention of Political Science
And what you do not consider at any time to be the highest of all: that is, whether you have a true idea of the gods, by which you can live your life good or bad. The charge that Plato's social conservatism amounted to totalitarianism stands alongside the claim by others that Plato was the first Whig because he was the first advocate of the separation of sovereign power.
The Life of Plato
Many speculative thinkers have dealt with the problem of the composition of the outer universe. In addition to the works of poets and philosophers, we find the sculpture of Fejdi and his colleagues and the brilliant architecture shown in the buildings on the Acropolis.
The Societal Circumstances of Plato’s Thought
The ideal was to keep government in the hands of amateurs and out of the hands of professional administrators. It was Kyrios' duty to provide a dowry for all the women in his family.
Contemporary Government in the Greek World
Here the fundamental reason for the achievement of Athens lies in the example of the ideal type of the ancient city. The agoranomos, who were charged with the care of the marketplace as well as the supervision of contracts and the maintenance of public order.
Plato’s Great Works on Organization Theory and Administrative Practice
All citizens could speak freely in the assembly as part of the legislative process.47. The reason for the laws was the foundation of new Greek cities in the Mediterranean and the re-establishment of old ones.
The Soul in Greek Political Theory
The Republic belongs to the middle group of Platonic dialogues completed before Plato was 40 years old. Abdul Aziz's family is one of the smallest in the kingdom," he told the author.
Aristotle, MacIntyre, and Virtue Ethics
One of the foundations of virtue ethics is the concept of telos (ultimate purpose), which this chapter will explore in the context of the professional practice of public administration. After this brief introduction, the next section examines Aristotle in the context of his life and times and the virtue ethics he created.
Aristotle
Thus, contemplation of the mind is the activity that brings a person the highest satisfaction. In the example of the bronze statue, it is the creative mind and skilled hands of the sculptor that are the efficient cause.
Critique of Virtue Ethics
It is in the very nature of a person and is not something that a person subjectively ascribes to himself or that anyone imposes on him. Locke focused his doubt on Aristotle on the concept that essence determines the function of an object.
MacIntyre and Contemporary Virtue Ethics
He notes that the concept of a watch cannot be defined independently of the concept of a "good" watch. Parallel to this, the term farmer cannot be defined independently of the term "good" farmer.
What Jesus Says to Public Administration
This chapter examines the teachings of Jesus with the aim of demonstrating their legitimate relevance to the theory, research and practice of public administration. I begin here because I believe that public administration's reservation of Jesus is a manifestation of deep problems within the larger culture.
Liberalism, Ancient and Modern
One of Weber's most important and yet most neglected observations is that the European city of antiquity differed from cities elsewhere.4 The Western city, as he called it, was characterized by a martial culture that focused on military discipline and warfare. . Therefore, the legend and teachings of Jesus spread through the empire along the route defined by Roman law, which was built upon the laws, customs, and religions of the subject territories.
The End of Western Civilization
Strauss, on the other hand, examined the development of Western culture in search of an antidote to the spiritual decay that had made Nazism possible. Regarding the first, he tried to show that political philosophy was founded by Socrates specifically for the purpose of defending religious beliefs from criticism.
Ears to Hear
When he was invited by his disciples to go to the Feast of Tabernacles in Judea, he at first refused, saying that he would be persecuted, but later he attended, "not openly, but as it were in secret." The Gospels also say that Jesus made sure never to speak directly to the crowds.
The Politics of Judaism
We would simply examine the attitude Jesus took toward government and then consider what this attitude implies for the teaching, study, and practice of public administration. John and on the instruction of the Roman governor a sign was placed on the cross of Jesus that said "THIS IS JESUS THE KING OF THE JEWS".
Jesus and Christianity
He also insisted on being selective: "Many are called, but few will be chosen" (Mt 22:14). His Sermon on the Mount was addressed to a large audience (Matthew 5-7), and another time the crowd was so large that he had to address it from a boat on the shore where the crowd was thronging (Matthew 13:1-52).
The Political Philosophy of Jesus
Jesus was the first and only king of the holy kingdom because he was the lawgiver who forbade the law. Jesus predicted that in the future or "world to come" the kingdom of the saints would grow and the kingdoms of those who judge would fall.
The Second Coming of Jesus, or of Pontius Pilate?
In the case of Jesus' crucifixion, the blame was apportioned between the Jewish religious court or "Sanhedrin," the Roman governor Pontius Pilate, and the crowd. Today we would say it was "the system". Groups, organizations, and nations, regardless of their size or complexity, are invaded by a spirit of irresponsibility, or a culture of indifference to suffering and injustice, whenever the people in them begin to deny moral ownership of the consequences of their actions.
A New Salt of the Earth
A Jesus public administration would consciously decode this language in relation to the moral context of the administrator. Pelikan, The Excellent Empire: The Fall of Rome and the Triumph of the Church (San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1987).
The Hebrew Bible and Public Administration
The Hebrew Bible and Public Administration
In a discussion of the Hebrew Bible and the concerns of this current book, it is appropriate to use general terms such as "public administration". As we shall see, the Hebrew Bible is anything but systematic in its use of terminology or argument.2.
On the Nature of the Hebrew Bible
In addition to the problematic description of historical events, the literary character of the Hebrew Bible is also an obstacle to systematic analysis. Some stories in the Hebrew Bible are not clearly masked, but written in an ironic style.
Themes of Relevance for Modern Public Administration
An episode involving God, Moses, and Pharaoh regarding the liberation of the Hebrew slaves admits weakness in ultimate authority. The Books of Job and Ecclesiastes are different from other parts of the Hebrew Bible that are politically relevant.
Not Democratic, but Not Simply Authoritarian
One mass meeting in the presence of priest Ezra is more of a farce than a political opportunity. My quibble with Daniel Elazar is that he reads too much contemporary political analysis of regimes out of the Hebrew Bible.
The Hebrew Bible, Jesus, and Public Administration
Part of the religious mystery is why some individuals, as opposed to others, were given status as a prophet of God in the Hebrew Bible. Some of those described in the Hebrew Bible as prophets of the Lord were persecuted or killed by the rulers who criticized them.
There Can Be No Accurate Summary or Final Word about the Hebrew Bible
To my knowledge, no one has reported seeing the rabbi on the streets of Brooklyn or the Holy Land.
Acknowledgment
Albrecht Alt, “The Settlement of the Israelites in Palestine,” in Essays on Old Testament History and Religion, trans. Stephen Bigger, “A Muslim Perspective” and “Moses,” in Creating the Old Testament: The Emergence of the Hebrew Bible, Ed.
MODERNIST DEFINED
- The English Legacy of Public Administration
- Niccolò Machiavelli: Moving through the Future as We Learn from the Past
- Mercantilism and the Future: The Future Lives of an Old Philosophy
- Lekachman , Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought , 1977
- Jeremy Bentham: On Organization
But we now come to the case where a commoner becomes a prince, not by crime or intolerable violence, but by the favor of his fellow-citizens, which may be called a civil principality. For in every city there are to be found these two opposing factions, arising from the desire of the people to avoid the oppression of the great, and the desire of the great to command and oppress the people.
Theory and Decision Making, Public Policy Analysis, and Administrative Management
John Locke’s Continuing Influence on Organization Theory and Behavior Entering the
Everyone is bound to preserve himself and not to abandon his post willfully; So for the same reason, when his own preservation is not inconsistent, he must preserve as much as he can the rest of mankind, and this is not to be done unless it is to do justice to an offender; takes away or impairs the life of another, or which contributes to the preservation of the life, liberty, health, limbs or property of another.
Invisible Hand and Visible Management
Finally, the chapter examines current public administration institutions and processes in light of the historical developments and innovations discussed in the chapter.
Anglo-Saxon Institutions
The organization of local jurisdictions and local courts contributed to an evolving administrative structure. The "chamber" duties of the royal family and the imposition of the "Danegeld" led to the beginnings of an organized financial system.
Administrative Kingship
If the dispute could not be resolved in the local courts, it was heard by the Royal Court. If the settlement resulted in a general decision to be followed by the local district courts, the king issued a letter and sent it to the local officials in the courts.