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Education Journal I Intemational Joumal of Advanced Education an..- http y'/www. alleducationj ournal.com/
Nh INIPACT FACTOR MAIN MENU Home Editodal Board Archives Indexins Contact I Is CERTIFICATE fnternational Journal of Advanced Education and Research EDITORIALBOARD ARCHIVES I}ISTRUCTIONS INDEXING CONTACTUS International Journal of Advanced Educrtion and Research is indexcil, ret-ereed ;urd 1;eer to publish research artrcies in Engineenng & Technology, Mauagemenr, Meciicai Science Education.
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Date Tuesday, August 28, 2018
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lvlolecular Endocrinology. Parasitolog_v and Immuno STATISTICS Articles Published: 179 Articles Viewed:30266 Arricles Downloaded: 16629 Instiuctions : \.&..(d .'$!T{ r* -jr - '. ii' "Sr,i',,;.li,_ Effi rrl#4 Editorial Board I Intemational Journal of Advanced Education and R... hup : /lwww" alleducationj oumal.c on/board fnternational Journal of Advanced Education and Research ARCHIVES INSTRUCTIONS N{DEXING CONTACTUS Editorial Board Dr: thranrala Ravindr* R.eddy (Ph.D.) Associate Professor Teegala Ram Reddy College of Phannacy, Meerpet, Saroortagar, Ilyderabad. }ION,IE EDITORIALBOARD IIVIPACT FACTOR MAIN MENU Editor-in-Chief .t.t.:.:t:.
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5746,Impact Fartor: RJIF 5.34 www.newresearchjournal.com/education Volume 1; Issue 4; April2016; Page No.
01-M Influence of pareiltal involvement on academic achievement T{gu Leh Seng Zahyah Hanali, Muhajir TasHkhan Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Ke'lah Maiaysia. Abstract Parental involrrements it children's educatici; are pricritizeC by the Ministry of Educat.ion. Parental involyernent in eCucation meaus that the relationship of parents aad children to achieve acaclemic success. This study aims to ideutify the level of parental involvemeut and the iufluence of palental involvement on children's academic achievernent.
This study involved 406 Form Five students in nine schools in Limbalg. Sarawak, Malaysia. Inventory of Parental Influence. The Paternal Inr,olvement an Descriptive statistical merhods to test the parental involvement rvhile the SEM-PLS is use to examine the iufluence of parental involvement itr academic achievement. The findings show that the level ol' patcntal irrvolvement are high. There is a signihcant influence of parental iuvolvemeni on children's academic achievement.
Parents are encouraged to engage in continuous involvenrent in their children's education. KeJrvords:
parental involvement, academic achievement, communication, interest in homework Introduction Parental involvement in children's educatiofl are priaritized by the Ministry of Education. This engagement is defined as fle interaction of parents vdth their children to achieve academic success. Based on social cognitive theory.
environmental, behavioral and cognitive mutually influence each other @andura, 1936) I2l.
Parents create a healthy family environment affects the behavior and thinking of children. The Ecology Development Model (Bronfenbrsnner, 1979) also emphasize that pareots are the people closest io children in microsystem. Therefore, they are very significant influence on children's development. This also similarly in Parent {nvolvement Model which proposed by Epstein (1997) I7l. And Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler (199il [t3r.
According to the Malaysian Education Development PIan {2013-2015), shift-9 shows that leaming also takes place in the home. It's show 52% of children's times spent in their home (MOE, 2013, the Parent Support, p.l).
Although children spend a lot of times at home, but the iavolvement of the parents when the child in seconda4r school is getting less (Abd. Razak Bin Zakana, Zuwati Hasrm, Umrn Kulthum aad Jal Zabdi Mohd Salleh Mohd Yusoff 2013) ttl.
Various reasons were given by parents to be less involved in children's education, Parents consider children who are in secondary school have been able to support themselves. This assumption significantly less accurate when researchers found that the involvement of parents in the home must be cnntinuous frorn primary school to secondary school.
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Green, Walker, Hoover-Dempsey aud Sandler (2007) r'i and lluntsinger and Jose, {2009) Ir5l found that the involvement of parents in the home must be continuous from primary school to secondary school so that children can achieve sufficient strength to independent flrlly. Past research has shown that parontal involvement in children's edu,3ation has a signiflcant positive correlation with academic achievement. The higher the parents'involvement in children's education, the higher the academic achievernent obtained.
There are two forms of parental involvement in influencing the acadernic achievement which consist communication and interest in the homework. Communication and interest in the homework wer6 found to have a significaat positive relationship io academic achievemsrlt $eynes, 20A3; 2AA5; Hill & Tyson, 2009;
Zulkifli Abd. Hami4 Jamilah Othman, Aminah Ahmad & ISMI Arif Ismail, 2011; Sheaq Juliana Rosmidah Jaafar" Samsudin A. Rahim, Nurhana Zainal, Subhi, and Nor Ba'yah Abdur Kadir, 2$12)u6' t2,25'2tl- Parent's communications with children is in the form of a discussion about the school, expectations or hopes and expectaticns ofparents towards their children in tleir exam, the achievements, future caf,eer, and the importance of education for the children's future. A1l of this discussion leads to improve children's learning. Hill and Tyson (2009) tr2l.
defined this type of parental involvement as an academic socialization where parents will communicate about career aspirations and expectations, academic expechatiors, and the importance of academic success.
Parents always talk with children about the activities, progfalns, long-tenn plan of the school, the expectations and aspirations of parents on good academic performance in sehool now and in the fuhre will make the children realize that their parcnts cace about their education {Shute er a1.,20L1; Sheau et a1.,2012)122'211.
There were also past studies regarding parental involvement in Malaysia. For example" Zulkifli Abd. Hamid et al., (20111Qsl. studied on parental involvement and academic achievement of poor children. Factors conkibuting to the success of children were about the discussion, care and communicatiol between parents and children. Although the results of this study showed that the discussions between parents and children have a low mean value and the mean value of communication parents with children is at a moderate level, but the results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that tlere was a signilicant relationship between
discussions, caxe, and communication and academic achievemenl Pareatal involvem&it contributed '74.5Yo to the academic achievement of children.
Other studies have also shown parents interest on homework has a positive correlation with academic achievement {Zahyah et al,20A2; Deslandes & Bertrand, 2005; Eren & Henderson, 2008; Hill & Tyson, 2009;
Shute et al, 20ll) [23' s' 8' 12' z:]. Similafly, studies show that there was a correlatioa berween homework and academic achievement. Additional homework also showed significantly high conelation with academic achievement (Eren & Henderson, 2003) t8l.
Pareutal involvement was very influential on academic achievemert, so, the objectives of this study are to
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identity the level of the parental involvement and to examine the extent of the influence of parental involvement on the academic achievement of children in Malaysia. Methodology This study was conducted using a quantitative approach. A questionnaire consist seveir demographic itsms, and 13 items of parental involvemenl A total of 406 respondents *om Form Five students in nine schools in Limbang, Sarawak.
Inskuments for measuring the level of parental involvement are part ofthe Inventory ofParent lnfluence (Inventory ofParental Influence - IPI Campel\ 1994, in Zulkifli Abd. Hamid e, al., 2011) I2sl. kanslated by Zulkifli Abd. Hamid et al.. (2}ll) tzs). and some of the items in "The Patemal Involvement Scale" {PIS) and
"Maternal Invoh,ement Scale" {MIS} designed by Paulson (1994b). Inventory was translated into Malay language by ZahyahHanafi (2003) I:+1. and is suitable for measwing the parental involvemenl in the conlext of the counhry.
This section includes I items absut communication and 5 items of interest Question 2: To what extent thc influence of parental involvcrnent on children's academic achievement? The resealch questions 2 lo be answered in this srudy by examined the htluence of parcntal involvement on the academic achievcment.
Based on Table 3: Shuctural Model Asss-ssment, the t-mdings shrrw that there is positive aad signilicant correlation between palental involvement ard academic achievement (B : 2.08, t : 3.87, p
This means that the higher the parentai involvement in the fbnn of cornnrunication or even interest in the homework, the higher acadetni c perfrlrnance. Tatrle 3: Stnrctural Model Evaluation o1'the intluence ol- parental involvement on the acadernic achievement Beta (Pc) Total Etlbcts T value I'value Parental involvement- >academic achievement 0.28 0.2ti 3.87** 0.000 Discusslons The results showed that the level of parental involvement as a whole is at a high level, whetler in the form of communication or even inlerest in homework.
The findings of a high level of communication in this study shows that parents always told the importaace of educatiou of children, parents remind children to study hard, and children should go to university. Parsnts also give advice and awareness to study hard for the child's future. Parents encourage children to do their revision.
Parents encouragc children to make a lot of exercise,s for each subject. Parents thought it was important for children to go forward in in the homework. Examples of items'My pareats told me about the importance of learning for the future'.
A total of five point rating scale is used that is I = strongly disagree to 5 = shongly agree. Descriptive statistical methods were used to test the parcntal involvemeilt while the SEI\d-PLS is used to test the influance of pmental involvemeflt on academic achievement. Findlngs Question 1: What is the level of parental involvement? The research questious 1 to bs answered by examining the mean value of parental involvemenl based on the mean value of level as shown ia Table 1. The finrlirg.e show fhat the level of parental involvement is high at 14.4 as shown in Table 2.
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The level of communication is very high, at 4:54 while the level of interest in the homework is also high at3-73.
Table 1: Mean values for All the Level Mear score Lcvcl 1.00 1.89 Verv low 1.90 2.69 Low 2.70 --3.49 Medium 3.50 - 4.29 Hieh 4.30 - 5.00 Verv hish Source: Planning and Poliey Research in Education (BPPDP, 2006b) their life. The fiadings are consistent with studies by Sheau el al., Q0l2) IztJ, which showed a high level of communication where parents always talk to children about their studies Howeveq the findings by Zulkifli Abd.
Hamid et al.,
{2011} tzsl. Showed the leve1 of communication with the child's was at a moderate level. Similarly, the level of interest of the parents on the children homework is high in this study. This finding suggests that parents think that homework is the main concerr of school children, parents concerned about children's homework and usually help the child when the child asks for help to do their homework. In addition, parents also set rules for children doing homework and daily schedule.
According to Eren and Henderson (2009), homework is a deteminant of student achievement. According to Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler {1997), parents believe they must be invoived in he$ing children with homework because of their responsibilities and may give an opinion on the objectives and quantity of homeworlr and are iaierested in learniag more slrategies effectively. This led to the bslief that high parental involvement in children's education.
These findings also support the Ecological Development Theory by Urie Bronfenbrerner {1986) til. This theory emphasizes the importance of the role of parents in influencing the development of the individual. Parents are tle closest people to children as described in the first loop this theory, namely microsystem. Parents who provide care and nurturing, compassion and a chance for the child's development.
This theory emphasizes the importance of parents in influencing various aspects of child development {Zahyah Hanafi, 2003) Table 2: Mean, minimum, maximum, standard deviation and the level of variables Yariahles N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard deviation Level cor.nmuficauon 406 2.88 5.00 4.54 0.45 Verv hish Interested in home*.ork 406 i.40 5.00 J. /J 0.60 hish Parental involvement 406 ;-q+ 5"00 4.t4 0.45 hish 1241. Thus, the interaction ofparents and chitdren are at a high leve1, This shrdy also supports some parent involvement model proposed by Epstein (1997) t7l.
about parental involvement in Iearning activities in the home. Parents engage children with homework. These parents can provide support to their chitdren who need help in order to pass the exam. In addition, the results of this study also support the Parent Involvement model proposed by Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler (2005) rsl. in stage 1, 1.5,2 and 3. Level l's parents as a child specialist personal motivation and responsibility in the education of children. 1.5
level of parental involvemeat depends on the values, goals, expectations aspiration, engagement at home,
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communication parents, teachers and schools as well as involvement in school. Levels 2 and 3 are the mechanisms that will be stressed by parents during their involvement at the encouragement modeling, consolidation and teaching. The findings of this study show that paren* play a very important role in a child's aeademic achievanent. However these findings indicate that the level of parental involvernent is high and inconsistent \ilith previous studies which showed that the level of parental involvement is low when the child was in hiCh school (Abd. Razak Bin Zakaia et al., 2013; Enghmd, et al., 2004; Lee & Bowen, 2006; DePlanty, et al.,
2tt7) [1' rr' 11 {. Conflicting fiudings of this study rnay be due to the different fypes of parental involvement are investigated and ages of children. Parental involvement decreases as children they enler secondary school.
Parents as$lms that their children ars able to marage their study alone and only require a minimum of attention &omparents. Influence of Parental fnvolvement and acadenic achievement The findings of this shrdy indicate that there is a positive and signiticant influence of parental involvement on the academic achiwement.
The higher of the level of parental involvement also increases the child's academic achievement.
This finding is consistent with the findings Sheau e/ al.. (2012\ t?lj. tbund that parental iavolvement in the form of relationship with the child associated with good academic achievements. Cornmunicatiou between parents and thet children often can nurhre children to lessons. Parents always give encouragement and incentives that can affect the child's interest in academics.
Parents always communicate with children can fiaks children feel approciated and this feeling leads children to do their best for appreciate tfieir parents. These findings also support by Hayes (2008) study about African American parents are more concerned about the succsss of childran. They are talking about their children while at schoot and leaming that can help influence a child's academic aehievement. Similarly, the study of Houtenville and Conway (200S) tr0l.
Found that parents offen discuss activities and education of children found to have a positive impact on children's academic achievement. In addition, this study also consistent with the findings Zulkifli Abd e, al., (2011) t:sl. is Malaysia who find communication factor is a contributory factor in the academic succoss of children. The finding is also supported by previous studies that have shown interest of parents on homework has a positive correlation with academic achievement {Hoover-Dempsey & Sandler, 1995; Zahyah et al,20O2,Hil1 & Tyson,2A09; Jeynes, 20ll; shute et al,281l) t::' t:'16'221.
similarly, the study by Eren and Henderson (2009) found that homervork was an important determinant of academic achievement. These firdings are also supported by local studies {Zahyah tlanaft et al., 2002)l2rl which shows that parental involvement in the child's homervork provides an opporhrnity tbr parents to be directly involved in the child's learning and so can improve academic achievement.
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Conclusion Iu conclusion, these tindings indicate that the involvement of patents is through cornrnunication or even interest in home*'ork" Parenis certainiy play a ver:r' important role jn inf)uencing the child's academic achievement. Parents should spend morc time with their children especiaily always comnrunicate with their children about school activities. expectations of acadernic achievement. thc imporlance of achieving a good results and always ask, and give encouragelrent to the children about the importance of homework.
Parental involvement r'tr education should be continued until the conrpletion ofsecondary school studies.
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Inter-national Journal of Asian Sooial Science. 2$1 3; 3t4):1 063-i 076. 2. Bandura A. Social foundations of thought and action: a sociai cognitive theory, Englewood Cliff's, Nj: Prentice- Hall, 1986. Brontenbrenner U.
Ecclcgl, of the family as a context fbr human developrnent: research perspectives. Development Psychology, 1 986; 22(.6):7 23 -7 42. DePlanty J, Coulter-Kern R, Duchare KA. Perceptions of parent involvernent in academic achievement. The Joumal of Educational Research, 2007; I 00( I ):3 6 i -368. Deslanders R, Betrand R. Motivation of parent involvement in secondary-level schooling. The Journal of Educational Research.
20051 98(3):1 64-175. Englund MM. Luckner AE, Whaley GJL, Egeland B. Children's acllievement in etu{y elementary schooi: Longitudinal ellbcts of parental invoh,ement.
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