Hiragana and Katakana worksheets

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Hiragana and Katakana worksheets

ひらがなカタカナ

1. Three types of letters ··· 1 2. Ro^＿ma-ji, Hiragana and Katakana ··· 2 3. Hiragana worksheets and quizzes ··· 3-9 4. The rules in Hiragana··· 10-11 5. The rules in Katakana ··· 12 6. Katakana worksheets and quizzes ··· 12-22

201608

Japanese Language School, Tokyo, Japan

Meguro Language Center

TEL.: 03-3493-3727 Email: [email protected] http://www.mlcjapanese.co.jp

(2)

1

There are three types of letters in Japanese.

1. Hiragana (phonetic sounds) are basically used for particles, words and parts of words.

2. Katakana (phonetic sounds) are basically used for foreign/loan words.

3. Kanji (Chinese characters) are used for the stem of words and convey the meaning as well as sound.

Hiragana is basically used to express 46 different sounds used in the Japanese language. We suggest you start learning Hiragana, then Katakana and then Kanji. If you learn Hiragana first, it will be easier to learn Katakana next.

Hiragana will help you learn Japanese pronunciation properly, read Japanese beginners' textbooks and write sentences in Japanese. Japanese will become a lot easier to study after having learned Hiragana. Also, as you will be able to write sentences in Japanese, you will be able to write E-mails in Hiragana.

Katakana will help you read Japanese menus at restaurants. Hiragana and Katakana will be a good help to your Japanese study and confortable living in Japan.

To master Hiragana, it is important to practice writing Hiragana. Revision is also very important - please go over what you have learned several times.

(3)

2

Ro

^＿

ma-ji, Hiragana and Katakana

A I U E O

- a あア i いイ u うウ e えエ o おオ

K ka かカ kｉきキ ku くク ke けケ ko こコ S sa さサ shｉしシ su すス se せセ so そソ T ta たタ chｉちチ tsu つツ te てテ to とト N na なナ nｉにニ nu ぬヌ ne ねネ no のノ H ha はハ hｉひヒ fu ふフ he へヘ ho ほホ M ma まマ mｉみミ mu むム me めメ mo もモ

Y ya やヤ yu ゆユ yo よヨ

R ra らラ ri りリ ru るル re れレ ro ろロ

W wa わワ o をヲ

- n,m んン

“n” before b, m and p becomes “m” wichi is pronounced like “m” in “sample”.

Ｇ ga がガ gi ぎギ gu ぐグ ge げゲ go ごゴ

Ｚ za ざザ ji じジ zu ずズ ze ぜゼ zo ぞゾ

Ｄ da だダ ji ぢヂ zu づヅ de でデ do どド

Ｂ ba ばバ bｉびビ bu ぶブ be べベ bo ぼボ

P pa ぱパ pｉぴピ pu ぷプ pe ぺペ po ぽポ

kya

きゃキャ

kyu

きゅキュ

kyo

きょキョ

sha

しゃシャ

shu

しゅシュ

sho

しょショ

cha

ちゃチャ

chu

ちゅチュ

cho

ちょチョ

nya

にゃニャ

nyu

にゅニュ

nyo

にょニョ

hya

ひゃヒャ

hyu

ひゅヒュ

hyo

ひょヒョ

mya

みゃミャ

myu

みゅミュ

myo

みょミョ

rya

りゃリャ

ryu

りゅリュ

ryo

りょリョ

gya

ぎゃギャ

gyu

ぎゅギュ

gyo

ぎょギョ

ja

じゃジャ

ju

じゅジュ

jo

じょジョ

bya

びゃビャ

byu

びゅビュ

byo

びょビョ

pya

ぴゃピャ

pyu

ぴゅピュ

pyo

ぴょピョ

Foreign words representation by Katakana

she

シェ

che

チェ

je

ジェ

tsa

ツァ

tse

ツェ

tso

ツォ

fa

ファ

fi

フィ

fe

フェ

fo

フォ

ti

ティ

dhi

ディ

dyu

デュ

wi

ウィ

we

ウェ

wo

ウォ

quo

クォ

va

ヴァ

vi

ヴィ

ve

ヴェ

vo

ヴォ

n m

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3

a ああ

^あ ^あ ^あ ^あ ^あ

i いい

^い ^い ^い ^い ^い

u うう

^う ^う ^う ^う ^う

e ええ

^え ^え ^え ^え ^え

o おお

^お ^お ^お ^お ^お

ka かか

^か ^か ^か ^か ^か

ki きき

^き ^き ^き ^き ^き

ku くく

^く ^く ^く ^く ^く

ke けけ

^け ^け ^け ^け ^け

ko ここ

^こ ^こ ^こ ^こ ^こ

[QUIZ] Write the following words in hiragana.

1. aka (red) 5. ie (house)

2. ao (blue) 6. kaki (oyster)

3. aki (autumn) 7. o^＿kii (big)

4. eki (station) 8. ue (on top)

①

②

③

②

① ③

①

① ② ③

①

②

①

②

③

① ②

①

②

①

②

① ③ Printing

(5)

4

sa ささ

^さ ^さ ^さ ^さ ^さ

shi しし

^し ^し ^し ^し ^し

su すす

^す ^す ^す ^す ^す

se せせ

^せ ^せ ^せ ^せ ^せ

so そそ

^そ ^そ ^そ ^そ ^そ

[QUIZ]

1. asa (morning) 3. shio (salt)

2. osushi (o-sushi)

すし

4. osake (sake)

ta たた

^た ^た ^た ^た ^た

chi ちち

^ち ^ち ^ち ^ち ^ち

tsu つつ

^つ ^つ ^つ ^つ ^つ

te てて

^て ^て ^て ^て ^て

to とと

^と ^と ^と ^と ^と

[QUIZ]

1. ashita (tomorrow) 3. tokei (watch)

2. chikatetsu (subway) 4. kutsu (shoes)

①

②

①

②

①

③ ②

①

① ③

④

②

①

① ②

→ささ

→きき

Simillar Hiragana

そ OK

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5

na なな

^な ^な ^な ^な ^な

ni にに

^に ^に ^に ^に ^に

nu ぬぬ

^ぬ ^ぬ ^ぬ ^ぬ ^ぬ

ne ねね

^ね ^ね ^ね ^ね ^ね

no のの

^の ^の ^の ^の ^の

[QUIZ]

1. kono neko (this cat) 3. sono inu (that dog)

2. nani (what) 4. niku (meat)

ha

*

wa はは

^は ^は ^は ^は ^は

hi ひひ

^ひ ^ひ ^ひ ^ひ ^ひ

fu ふふ

^ふ ^ふ ^ふ ^ふ ^ふ

he へへ

^へ ^へ ^へ ^へ ^へ

ho ほほ

^ほ ^ほ ^ほ ^ほ ^ほ

[QUIZ] ■ Note that the particle WA is represented byは, the E is represented byへ．

1. fune (ship) 3. hito (people)

2. hoshi (star) 4. hako (box)

①

② ③

① ②

④

③

① ②

①

②

①

① ② ③

①

③ ② ④

①

① ②

③

④

→た

→け

→けは

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6

ma まま

^ま ^ま ^ま ^ま ^ま

mi みみ

^み ^み ^み ^み ^み

mu むむ

^む ^む ^む ^む ^む

me めめ

^め ^め ^め ^め ^め

mo もも

^も ^も ^も ^も ^も

[QUIZ]

1. ame (rain) 3. mushi (insect)

2. namae (name) 4. Moshi moshi (Hello)

ya やや

^や ^や ^や ^や ^や

yu ゆゆ

^ゆ ^ゆ ^ゆ ^ゆ ^ゆ

yo よよ

^よ ^よ ^よ ^よ ^よ

[QUIZ]

1. yasumi (day off) 3. fuyu (winter)

2. yuki (snow)

■ Note that ^―u and ^―o are represented by addingう.

1. yu^＿mei (famous) 3. kino^＿ (yesterday) 2. yo^＿fuku (Western clothes) 4. ku^＿ko^＿ (airport)

①

②

③

① ②

①

②

③

②

①

②

③

① ②

①

②

③

①

②

→ぬ

→ま

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7

ra らら

^ら ^ら ^ら ^ら ^ら

ri りり

^り ^り ^り ^り ^り

ru るる

^る ^る ^る ^る ^る

re れれ

^れ ^れ ^れ ^れ ^れ

ro ろろ

^ろ ^ろ ^ろ ^ろ ^ろ

wa わわ

^わ ^わ ^わ ^わ ^わ

o をを

^を ^を ^を ^を ^を

n, m んん

^ん ^ん ^ん ^ん ^ん

[QUIZ] ■ Note that the particle O is represented byを, notお．

1. kore (this) 5. kuro (black)

2. sore (that) 6. kuruma (car)

3. Sayo^＿nara (Goodbye) 7. watashi (I)

4. hon (book) 8. Sumimasen (I’m sorry.)

[QUIZ] Similar characters (Write the following characters in hiragana.)

a/o ki/sa chi/ra ta/na

me/nu i/ri ma/mo ru/ro

ke/ha/ho wa/re/ne

①

②

①

②

③

① ②

①

②

①

→ね

→ち

→い

→る

→ねれ

particle

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8

ga

ががが [QUIZ]

gi

ぎぎぎ 1. mado (window)

gu

ぐぐぐ

ge

げげげ 2. mada (not yet)

go

ごごご

3. sugoi (great)

za

ざざざ

ji

じじじ 4. Arigato^＿gozaimasu. (Thank you.)

zu

ずずず

ze

ぜぜぜ 5. denwa (telephone)

zo

ぞぞぞ

6. Komban wa.

da だ

だだ

ji

ぢぢぢ 7. shimbun (newspaper)

zu

づづづ

de

ででで 8. tomodachi (friend)

do

どどど

9. ginko^＿ (bank)

ba

ばばば

bi

びびび 10. chizu (map)

bu

ぶぶぶ

be

べべべ

bo

ぼぼぼ

pa

ぱぱぱ

pi

ぴぴぴ

pu

ぷぷぷ

pe

ぺぺぺ

po

ぽぽぽ

particle

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9

kya

きゃきゃ

gya

ぎゃぎゃ

kyu

きゅきゅ

gyu

ぎゅぎゅ

kyo

きょきょ

gyo

ぎょぎょ

sha

しゃしゃ

ja

じゃじゃ

shu

しゅしゅ

ju

じゅじゅ

sho

しょしょ

jo

じょじょ

cha

ちゃちゃ

nya

にゃにゃ

chu

ちゅちゅ

nyu

にゅにゅ

cho

ちょちょ

nyo

にょにょ

hya

ひゃひゃ

bya

びゃびゃ

hyu

ひ^ゅひ^ゅ

byu

び^ゅび^ゅ

hyo

ひょひょ

byo

びょびょ

pya

ぴゃぴゃ

mya

みゃみゃ

pyu

ぴ^ゅぴ^ゅ

myu

み^ゅみ^ゅ

pyo

ぴょぴょ

myo

みょみょ

rya

りゃりゃ

ryu

りゅりゅ

ryo

りょりょ

[QUIZ]

1. To^＿kyo^＿ 4. shu^＿matsu (weekend)

2. ju^＿sho (address) 5. shashin (photo) 3. Ja, mata. (See you.) 6. shukudai (homework)

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10

The rules in Hiragana (1) Long vowels

① a^＿ is represented by adding あ.

oka^＿san (mother) おかあさん、 ma^＿ma^＿ (so-so)

② ii and i^＿ are represented by adding い.

oniisan (older brother) おにいさん、 ojiisan/oj i^＿san (grandfather)

③ u^＿ is represented by adding う.

yu^＿gata (early evening) ゆうがた、 chu^＿goku (China)

taifu^＿ (typhoon)

④ e^＿ is represented by adding え in the words of Japanese origin.

one^＿san (older sister) おねえさん

⑤ ei is written in えい in the words of Chinese origin.

Eigo (English) えいご、 yu^＿mei (famous)

sensei (teacher)

、 gakusei (student)

⑥ o^＿ is represented by adding う.

sayo^＿naraさようなら、 byo^＿in (hospital)

、 kyo^＿ (today)

Do^＿mo arigato^＿gozaimasu.

⑦ Ｉn some words it is traditionally written inお.

o＿

ki おおきい、 to^＿ (ten)

、 to^＿ri (street)

(2) Double consonants

Double consonants (kk, pp, ss, and tt) are represented by smallっ. As smallっindicates a one-syllable pause, the mouth prepares for the pronunciation of the next syllable.

gakko^＿ (school) がっこう、 kippu (ticket)

、 kitte (stamp)

Chotto matte kudasai. (Just moment, please.)

Gambatte kudasai. (Go for it. Good luck.)

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11

(3) ji and zu

are usually written inじandず. In few cases, they are traditionally written in ぢandづ.

sanji (3:00)

、 jisho (dictionary)

chizu (map)

、 mizu (water)

(4) wa

using as a particle is written inは, notわ.

Kyo^＿ wa doyo^＿bi desu. (Today is Saturday.) きょうはどようびです。

Watashi wa nihonjin desu. (I’m Japanese.)

Watashi wa nihonjin dewa arimasen. (I’m not Japanese.)

(5) o

using as a particle is written inを, notお.

Osake o nomimasu. (I drink sake.) おさけをのみます。

Sore o misete kudasai. (Please show me that.)

Kore o kudasai. (Please give me this one.)

(6) e

using as a particle is written inへ, notえ.

Shibuya e ikimasu. (I’m going to Shibuya.) しぶやへいきます。

Doko e ikimasuka. (Where are you going?)

Kyo^＿to e ikimasu. (I’m going to Kyo^＿to.)

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12

Katakana in used in the following ways

(1) For words of foreign origin

(2) For onomatopoeia ex. ワンワン wanwan (bowwow) (3) For the names of some animals and insects

(4) For the emphasis of some words ex. それはダメです。

The rules in Katakana

(1) Long vowels are represented by a dash, “―.”

(2) Double consonants (kk, pp, ss, tt etc.) are represented by small tsu, ッ.

a アア

^ア ^ア ^ア ^ア ^ア

i イイ

^イ ^イ ^イ ^イ ^イ

u ウウ

^ウ ^ウ ^ウ ^ウ ^ウ

e エエ

^エ ^エ ^エ ^エ ^エ

o オオ

^オ ^オ ^オ ^オ ^オ

①

②

①

②

② ③

①

②

③

①

③

Printing

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13

ka カカ

^カ ^カ ^カ ^カ ^カ

ki キキ

^キ ^キ ^キ ^キ ^キ

ku クク

^ク ^ク ^ク ^ク ^ク

ke ケケ

^ケ ^ケ ^ケ ^ケ ^ケ

ko ココ

^コ ^コ ^コ ^コ ^コ

ga

ガガガ

gi

ギギギ

gu

グググ

ge

ゲゲゲ

go

ゴゴゴ

[QUIZ]

1. kukk i^＿ (cookie) 3. kikku (kick)

2. ko^＿ku (coke) 4. ke^＿ki (cake)

②

①

① ②

③

①

②

①

②

③

②

→ク

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14

sa ササ

^サ ^サ ^サ ^サ ^サ

shi シシ

^シ ^シ ^シ ^シ ^シ

su スス

^ス ^ス ^ス ^ス ^ス

se セセ

^セ ^セ ^セ ^セ ^セ

so ソソ

^ソ ^ソ ^ソ ^ソ ^ソ

za

ザザザ

ji

ジジジ

zu

ズズズ

ze

ゼゼゼ

zo

ゾゾゾ

[QUIZ]

1. suk i^＿ (ski) 4. sakka^＿ (soccer)

2. gasu (gas) 5. so^＿su (sauce)

3. so^＿se^＿ji (sausage) 6. kuizu (quiz)

①

②

①

① ②

①

②

①

③

②

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15

ta タタ

^タ ^タ ^タ ^タ ^タ

chi チチ

^チ ^チ ^チ ^チ ^チ

tsu ツツ

^ツ ^ツ ^ツ ^ツ ^ツ

te テテ

^テ ^テ ^テ ^テ ^テ

to トト

^ト ^ト ^ト ^ト ^ト

da ダ

ダダ

ji

ヂヂヂ

zu

ヅヅヅ

de

デデデ

do

ドドド

■ ji and zu are usually written inジ andズ.

■ An aid to theシ(shi)andツ(tsu), remembrance and distinction.

Hiragana Katakana

shi しシシ

tsu つツツ

Keep in mind the equivalent hiragana, し(shi) andつ(tsu). [QUIZ]

1. tekisuto (textbook) 4. ch i^＿zu (cheese)

2. sute^＿ki (steak) 5. takush i^＿ (taxi)

3. deza^＿to (dessert) 6. sh i^＿tsu (sheet)

③

②

①

②

② ③

① ②

③

1 3 2

1 2 3

→ク

→シ

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16

na ナナ

^ナ ^ナ ^ナ ^ナ ^ナ

ni ニニ

^ニ ^ニ ^ニ ^ニ ^ニ

nu ヌヌ

^ヌ ^ヌ ^ヌ ^ヌ ^ヌ

ne ネネ

^ネ ^ネ ^ネ ^ネ ^ネ

no ノノ

^ノ ^ノ ^ノ ^ノ ^ノ

[QUIZ]

1. tenisu (tennis) 3. no^＿to (notebook)

2. nekutai (necktie) 4. tsuna (tuna)

①

②

①

②

①

②

①

④

③

→サ

→エ

→ス

(18)

17

ha ハハ

^ハ ^ハ ^ハ ^ハ ^ハ

hi ヒヒ

^ヒ ^ヒ ^ヒ ^ヒ ^ヒ

fu フフ

^フ ^フ ^フ ^フ ^フ

he ヘヘ

^ヘ ^ヘ ^ヘ ^ヘ ^ヘ

ho ホホ

^ホ ^ホ ^ホ ^ホ ^ホ

ba

バババ

bi

ビビビ

bu

ブブブ

be

ベベベ

bo

ボボボ

pa

パパパ

pi

ピピピ

pu

プププ

pe

ペペペ

po

ポポポ

[QUIZ]

1. pasupo^＿to (passport) 5. h i^＿ta^＿ (heater)

2. pasuta (pasta) 6. basu (bus)

3. kop i^＿ (copy) 7. sutoppu (stop)

4. sup i^＿do (speed) 8. sa^＿bisu (service)

① ②

①

① ②

③ ④

② →セエ

→ウ

(19)

18

ma ママ

^マ ^マ ^マ ^マ ^マ

mi ミミ

^ミ ^ミ ^ミ

^ミ ^ミ

mu ムム

^ム ^ム ^ム

^ム ^ム

me メメ

^メ ^メ ^メ ^メ ^メ

mo モモ

^モ ^モ ^モ ^モ ^モ

[QUIZ]

1. hamu (ham) 6. mo^＿ta^＿ (motor)

2. memo (memo) 7. messe^＿ji (message)

3. gamu (gum) 8. tomato (tomato)

4. maiku (mike) 9. ch i^＿mu (team)

5. shisutemu (system)

ya ヤヤ

^ヤ ^ヤ ^ヤ ^ヤ ^ヤ

yu ユユ

^ユ ^ユ ^ユ ^ユ ^ユ

yo ヨヨ

^ヨ ^ヨ ^ヨ ^ヨ ^ヨ

[QUIZ]

1. yotto (yacht) 3. yu^＿za^＿ (user)

2. taiya (tire)

②

①

②

①

②

③

② ①

①

②

③

①

②

①

②

③

→コ

→ア

→ニ

→サナ

(20)

19

ra ララ

^ラ ^ラ ^ラ ^ラ ^ラ

ri リリ

^リ ^リ ^リ ^リ ^リ

ru ルル

^ル ^ル ^ル ^ル ^ル

re レレ

^レ ^レ ^レ ^レ ^レ

ro ロロ

^ロ ^ロ ^ロ ^ロ ^ロ

[QUIZ]

1. ru^＿ru (rule) 6. taoru (towel)

2. toire (toilet, bathroom) 7. erebe^＿ta^＿ (elevator) 3. kurisumasu (Christmas) 8. esukare^＿ta^＿ (escalator) 4. ga^＿rikku (garlic) 9. kare^＿raisu (curry rice) 5. me^＿ruadoresu (e-mail address) 10. makudonarudo (McDonald’s)

①

②

①

③

②

①

②

→ソ

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20

wa ワワ

^ワ ^ワ ^ワ ^ワ ^ワ

o ヲヲ

^ヲ ^ヲ ^ヲ ^ヲ ^ヲ

n, m ンン

^ン ^ン ^ン ^ン ^ン

■ Katakanaヲis not used in modern living.

■

An aid to remembrance and distinction the

ソ(so)

and

ン(n,m)

.

Hiragana Katakana

so そソソ

n, m んンン

[QUIZ]

1. resutoran (restaurant) 6. hamba^＿gu (hamburg steak) 2. ressun (lesson) 7. so^＿su (sauce)

3. ranchi (lunch) 8. wain (wine)

[QUIZ] Similar characters (Write the following characters in katakana.)

shi/tsu n/so ku/ta ma/a nu/su

sa/na/me ku/fu/u/wa

se/hi/e/ni/mi

①

②

①

②

1 2

2 1

② →ク

ウフ

→ソ

(22)

21

kya

キャキャ

gya

ギャギャ

kyu

キュキュ

gyu

ギュギュ

kyo

キョキョ

^gyo

^ギ^ョ ^ギ^ョ

sha

シャシャ

ja

ジャジャ

shu

シュシュ

ju

ジュジュ

sho

ショショ

_jo

_ジ

ョジョ

cha

チャチャ

_nya

_ニ

ャニャ

chu

チュチュ

nyu

ニュニュ

cho

チョチョ

nyo

ニョニョ

hya

ヒャヒャ

bya

ビャビャ

hyu

ヒュヒュ

byu

ビュビュ

hyo

ヒョヒョ

_byo

_ビ

ョビョ

pya

ピャピャ

_mya

_ミ

ャミャ

pyu

ピュピュ

myu

ミュミュ

pyo

ピョピョ

myo

ミョミョ

rya

リャリャ

tsa

ツァツァ

ryu

リュリュ

_tse

_ツ

ェツェ

ryo

リョリョ

tso

ツォツォ

she

シェシェ

_je

_ジ

ェジェ

che

チェチェ

quo

クォクォ

va

ヴァヴァ

fa

ファファ

vi

ヴィヴィ

fi

フィフィ

ve

ヴェヴェ

_fe

_フ

ェフェ

vo

ヴォヴォ

fo

フォフォ

wi

ウィウィ

ti

ティティ

we

ウェウェ

di

ディディ

wo

ウォウォ

dyu

デュデュ

(23)

22 [QUIZ]

1. sukeju^＿ru (schedule) 2. chokore^＿to (chocolate) 3. menyu^＿ (menu)

4. dizun i^＿rando (Disneyland) 5. remont i^＿ (lemon tea) 6. chekku (check) 7. kompyu^＿ta (computer) 8. orenjiju^＿su (orange juice) 9. infome^＿shon (information) 10. shampu^＿ (shampoo)

Hiragana and Katakana worksheets