Tabl e 2.
Sum mar y of pros pect ive coho rt stud ies exa mini ng asso ciati ons bet wee n dair y fat inta ke and CVD (n=
6).X Stud
y Locati on
Study popul
ation Follo w-up
Dairy Fat Intake Measures
(Definitions) Outco mes
Dietar y Assess ment Metho
ds Adjustments Significant
Findings Conclusion s
Bern USA 84,13 26y High-fat dairy CVD 61 Age, smoking The relative High-fat
stein et al, 201 027
6 wom en (30- 55 y old)
(whole milk, ice cream, full- fat/hard/cream cheese, cream, sour cream, butter) and low-fat dairy (skim/1%/2%
milk, low-
fat/cottage/rico tta cheese)
(myoca rdial infarcti on or death due to CVD)
item FFQ (initial ), 118 FFQ (final)
status, total energy intake, cereal fiber intake, alcohol, trans fat, BMI, unsaturated fatty acids, menopausal status, parental history of
myocardial Infarction,
multivitamin use, vitamin E
supplementation, weekly aspirin usage, and physical activity
risk of CVD was 1.03 for each
additional serving per day of high-fat dairy with an overall
positively correlated trend (p<.01)
dairy intake was
significantl y
associated with
increased risk of CVD.
Lars son et al, 201 231
Swed
en 74,96
1 men and wom en (45- 83 y old)
10y High-fat dairy (full-fat
milk/sour milk/yogurt/ch eese, ice cream, cream, and crème fraiche) and low-fat dairy (skim/1.5%
milk, low-fat sour
milk/yogurt/ch eese, cottage cheese)
CVD (stroke, cerebr al infarcti on, hemorr hagic stroke)
350 item FFQ
Age, sex, smoking, education, BMI, physical activity, aspirin use, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, family history of myocardial
infarction, energy, alcohol, coffee, fresh red meat, processed red meat, fish, fruit and vegetable intake
The relative risk of stroke was .88 for those who consumed the highest
quintile of low-fat dairy compared to those who consumed the lowest with an overall
inversely correlated trend (p<.05)
Higher low- fat dairy intakes were
associated with lower risk of stroke.
Soe Engla 4,526 10y High-fat dairy T2DM, 114 Age, ethnicity, Intakes of
dam ah- Mut hu et al, 201 237
nd men
and wom en (33-55 y old)
(full-fat cheese, yogurt, milk puddings, whole/Channel Islands milk) and low-fat dairy (cottage cheese, semi- skimmed/skim med milk, milk- based hot drinks)
CVD (myoca rdial infarcti on)
item
FFQ employment grade, smoking status, BMI, physical activity, family history, alcohol intake, intakes of:
fruits, vegetables, bread, meat, fish, coffee, tea and total energy
total dairy and types of dairy products showed no consistent relationship with
incident diabetes or coronary heart disease Son
estedt et al, 201 138
Swed
en 26,44
5 men and wom en (44- 74 y old)
12y High-fat milk (>2.4% fat) and low-fat milk (≤2.4%
fat)
CVD (corona ry/strok e
event)
7 day lunch and dinner diary and 168 item FFQ
Age, sex, season, energy, BMI, smoking, alcohol, leisure physical activity, education, hypertension risk, cholesterol risk, fruit and vegetable intake, fish, meat, coffee, whole grain foods intake,
substantial dietary change
No association between risk of CVD and high-fat or low-fat milk intake.
There was no association between risk of CVD and high- fat or low- fat milk intake.
Von Rues ten et al, 201 340
Germ
any 23,53 1 men and wom en (35-
8y High-fat dairy (milk/yogurt
>1.5% fat, regular curd cheese, cream) and low-fat dairy
CVD (myoca rdial infarcti on and stroke), T2DM
148 item FFQ
Age, sex, smoking status, pack-years of smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, BMI, waist to hip ratio,
hypertension, high
No association between risk of CVD or T2DM and high-fat or low-fat dairy intake.
There was no
association between risk of T2DM or CVD and
63 y
old) (milk/yogurt
≤1.5% fat, soured milk, low-fat curd cheese)
blood lipids,
education, vitamin supplementation, total energy intake, other food groups
high-fat or low-fat dairy intake.
War ensj ö et al, 201 041
Swed
en 1,000
men and wom en (30- 70 y old)
4y Serum
pentadecanoic acid and
heptadecanoic acid
CVD (myoca rdial infarcti on)
64-66 item FFQ
Age, sex, date of health survey, geographic region, physical activity, BMI, smoking status, education, SBP, apo-ratio, diabetes, servings per day of fruit, vegetable, alcohol, fish, meat
No
associations between risk of CVD and serum
pentadecanoi c or
heptadecanoi c acid
There was no
association between risk of CVD and serum pentadecan oic or
heptadecan oic acid.
Abbreviations: CVD, cardiovascular disease; T2DM, type II diabetes mellitus; FFQ, food frequency questionnaire;
BMI, body mass index
27Bernstein AM, Sun Q, Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Willett WC. Major dietary protein sources and risk of coronary heart disease in women.
Circulation. 2010;122(9):876-883 Medline. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.915165
31Larsson SC, Virtamo J, Wolk A. Dairy consumption and risk of stroke in Swedish women and men. Stroke. 2012;43(7):1775-1780 Medline.
doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.641944
37Soedamah-Muthu SS, Masset G, Verberne L, Geleijnse JM, Brunner EJ. Consumption of dairy products and associations with incident diabetes, CHD and mortality in the Whitehall II study. Br J Nutr. 2013;109(04):718-726 Medline. doi:10.1017/S0007114512001845
38Sonestedt E, Wirfält E, Wallström P, Gullberg B, Orho-Melander M, Hedblad B. Dairy products and its association with incidence of cardiovascular disease: the Malmö diet and cancer cohort. Eur J Epidemiol. 2011;26(8):609-618 Medline. doi:10.1007/s10654-011-9589-y
40von Ruesten A, Feller S, Bergmann MM, Boeing H. Diet and risk of chronic diseases: results from the first 8 years of follow-up in the EPIC- Potsdam study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2013;67(4):412-419 Medline. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2013.7
41Warensjö E, Jansson JH, Cederholm T, et al. Biomarkers of milk fat and the risk of myocardial infarction in men and women: a prospective, matched case-control study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92(1):194-202 Medline. doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.29054
