USTIIIED CATALOG OF THE WORKS OF ETIIXOLOIIK; AND ARCIIBLOGIC COLLECTIONS MADE BV THE OFFICE OF ETHNOLOGY DL'RING THE YEAR 188L. The perforation was made by drilling from opposite sides; it is five-eighths of an inch in diameter at the surface, and about three-eighths in the middle. A three-legged pot with a globular body, very similar in appearance to the common iron pot for cooking whites.
It is made of strips of white oak or hickory, a quarter of an inch thick. A basket made of strips of white oak intended for storing seeds and for other household purposes. The diameter of the rim is about 5 inches; the body is 8 inches in diameter, the base is rectangular and flat.
A wooden comb made in imitation of shell combs, used by white ladies to support and decorate the back hair.
FROM THE CHEROKEE INDIANS. 437
FROM FIELDS NEAR NEWPORT
1 STONE IMPLEMENTS OF TENNESSEE. 439
440 COLLECTIONS OF
441 Thewhole exterior surface is embellished with amostelaborateorna- Thewhole exterior surface is embellished with amostelaborateorna- Thewhole exterior surface is embellished with amostelaborateorna- mental design that resembles the imprint of some woven fabric. The fact that the sharply concave parts of the neck are marked as correctly as the convex body of the vessel precludes the idea of using a solid or inelastic stamp. The pattern consists of groups of parallel indented lines arranged at right angles to each other, the i)racticing feature being that there.
The outer surface of the triangular collar, peculiar to many of the pots, has been decorated with a herringbone pattern, made by impressing a shaip tool. This handle has been added after the previously described tignre was impressed on the neck of the vessel. A small fragment shows another style of indented or stamped pattern, consisting of series of straight and curved lines, characteristic of many of the vessels obtained from the Gulf States.
One interesting feature of this vessel is that from certain impressions on the raised ridges we find that the vessel was taken from a mesh mold while it was still in a plastic state.
COLLECTIONS FROM SEVIER COUNTY, TENNESSEE,
In some cases a low horizontal ridge, from 1 to 4 or . more inches in length are located near the edge. instead of the continuous collar. Still others have one or more handles which connect the rim to the vessel's neck shoulder, leaving a round or oblong passage for a cordorvin. In the upper part and around the base of the neck, the incised lines are generally vertical.
An exception of a fragment of a large, rudely made vase, in which we have an impression of fabric, .. the warp of which, whether wood or cord, consists of fillets of more than a quarter of ' n inch in width, the weft of fine cord. The upper or curved surface of the body is approximately flat and forms, with the lower part of the body, a more or less sharp circumferential angle. In one case we have on the outside of the rim, and projecting slightly above it, a roughly modeled grotesque face.
Pipes.-There area number of pipes in the assembly, most of which we found the surface of the mound.
OBJECTS OF SHELL FROM TENNESSEE. 447
The part of the figure enclosed by this band represents the head and neck The spots and scales of the seri)ent are depicted in a very conventional manner. 449 narrow segments that remain are each decorated with a. shaped sections of the lower whorl of luarine univalves. The lower part, which represents the neck and chiu, is cut out of the somewhat narrow part near the base of the shell. while the broad outline of the head reaches the first suture at the iodized shoulder of the body vertebra. These objects are especially numerous in the mounds of Tennessee, but their range is quite wide, examples having been reported from Kentucky, Virginia, Illinois, Jlissouri, .. and Arkansas, and smaller mounds of a somewhat different type from New York. Their form suggests the idea that they may have been used as masks, in the manner of metal masks by some of the Eastern nations. The engraved design is certainly of a very high order of merit, and represents the work of the ancient Mexicans. HOLMES.) STONE IMPLEMENTS FROM TENNESSEE. 463 I'ortion of an oblong hammerstone, 4 inches in length by 3 inches in diameter at mid])art. It is 4^ inches in diameter and 1:^ inch in thickness at the circumference, and less than 1 inch thick in the center. The walls are thin near the ends and quite thick near the middle, the passage being hardly more than a quarter of an inch in diameter. HOLMES.) OBJECTS OF STONE FROM TENNESSEE. 455 Immediately below the surface soil a heavy bed of ash and charcoal was reached, which at the edge of the heap was only a few inches thick, but in the center was about 3 feet thick. The mound below this layer was composed chiefly of loam, with a little sand in the middle, and contained nothing of importance. A considerable number of fragments of pottery were found in the ash layer. Shape.—Vase of the wide mouth, round body variety is represented, also a number of semicircular bowls. Material.-Classified according to material, there are two varieties, . the one is composed of the usual A longitudinal section showing the thickness of the implement gives a bow-like figure, the median line of which would deviate nearly half an inch from a straight line. A perforated tablet, iiiiule of sra.V, chlorite slate, 2.^ inches long and li inches wide, illustrated in fig. 134. In the center of the slab is a circular perforation a quarter of an inch in diameter. Midway between these and the ends are two other perforations, one circular and one-eighth of an inch in diameter, and the other lozenge or lozenge-shaped and nearly 100 cm wide. It was broken transversely near the middle, by a perforation about an eighth of an inch in diameter. Three feet from the surface were found six very decayed skeletons, of which no parts could be reserved. OBJECTS OF STONE FROM TENNESSEE. 461 MOUND AT NILES' FERRY Bear and possibly horse teeth found near the surface of one of the mounds. This effect may be the result of placing the container on a thick. fabric; while the rim was being tiiiishcd or gloves were being added. However, if this was the case, the vessel could be said to have been taken into this net before it was purchased. Where the handle has been added, it will be found that the cord marks have been destroyed by the touch of the fingers. But the body has impressions made then .. after the addition of the handles and ornaments, as the inscriptions appear on the outside or bottoms of these additions. The other part of the body may still have been supported by tliknet during the drying process; but as some vessels have no cord markings which-. I could determine the character of the material used. woven and quite flexible, the clay often gets fingerprints through it. In addition to traces of netting and rope, which may or may not be the result of attempted decoration, there are clay fillet decorations. The rim of one bowl is decorated with three deeply incised or incised lines that form a kind of concave figure around a curved lip. Another has a series of shallow, vertical, incised lines near the rim, and a circle of annular depressions three-eighths of an inch in diameter, about one-fourth of an inch from the lip. Shell beads of various sizes and shapes, made from the collnmelhie and walls of marine shells. It is 2^ inches in diameter, and is rather thin and brittle, though the surface has not suffered much from decay. Immediately within the border on the convex side are two incised circles, on the outside of which two small holes are made for suspension; inside of this, and less than half an inch from the margin, is a circle of seventeen sub-triangular perfoiations, the inner corner of each of which is much rounded. Inside this is again another incised circle, about 1^ inches in diameter, enclosing the highly conventionalized figure of an insect resembling an aspider. This round portion corresponds to the thorax of the insect and has four pairs of legs attached to it. A number of bone implements, including needles, perforators and paddle-shaped objects, were found in the pile with the skeletons. COLLECTIONS FROM MISSISSIPPI COUNT V, ARKANSAS PEMISSCOTT MOUND CHICKASAWBA MOUND MOUNDS IN CARSON LAKE TOWNSHIP H0LSIE8 I POTTERY FROM ARKANSAS. 469 MOUNDS AT PECAN POINT 470 COLLECTIONS FIELD GRAVES AND FIELDS IN THE VICINITY OF PECAN POINT 472 COLLECTIONS OF 1881 HOLMES.] POTTERY FROM ARKANSAS. 475 Bowls corresponding in general character to those described above, but with tasteful designs of incised lines and depressions on the outer surface. FIELD GRAVES NEAR MENARD MOUND 478 COLLECTIONS 480 COLLECTIONS 188L HOLMES.J POTTERY FROM ARKANSAS. 481 3 ETH 31 POTTERY FEOM ARKANSAS. 483 484 COLLECTIONS POTTERY FROM ARKANSAS. 485 MOUND AT LAWRENCEVILLE The body of the vessel is globular, the necks slightly flared, the rim cut on the outer edge. The neck is decorated with two series of lines, which cross and cross again in such necks to form a diamond shape. COLLECTION FROM OHIO The upper lobe is considerably reduced by picking, and the base, which would correspond to the edge of the axe, is worked quite flat. COLLECTIONS FROM MISSOURI 496 COLLECTIONS POTTERY FROM MISSOURI. 497 Small bowls or cups, made in imitation of shell vessels, with a knotted point on one side, . and a more or less pointed beak on the opposite side Fig.181. A small bowl, the rim of which is decorated on one side with the head of an apanther, and on the other side a small projection resembling a tail. A small bowl, the rim of which is decorated with the head of a fox or wolf; on the opposite side is a normal tail. Bowls of various sizes, the rims of which are decorated with the heads and tails of birds. These are further decorated by four incised lines surrounding them, forming a loop on opposite sides as in Fig. 186. Between these on the sides of the vessel have four ornamental figures are painted in red, it consists of an inner circle; surmounted by a cross, and an outer circle of rays or scallops. They are generally narrowest in the middle, widening trumpet-like towards the mouth, and widening more or less abruptly towards the shoulder below. HOLMES.] POTTERY FROM MISSOURI. 503 The largest is 9 inches in height and 7 inches in diameter COLLECTIONS OF Braid knots around the circle and an incised figure of three lines separated on the vessel (!encircle the vessel above them. COLLECTION FROM PERU, SOUTH AMERICA 510 COLLECTIONSSHELL GORGETS FROM TENNESSEE. 449 narrow segments that remain are each ornamented with a
FROM THE FIELDS AT SEVIERVILLE
46G COLLECTIONS
MOUNDS NEAR PAINT ROCK FERRY
COLLECTIONS FROM JEFFERSON COUNTY
IIOLMEB.J SHELL GORGETS FROM TENNESSEE. 465 There are also various forms of noded ornaments on the rims of bowls
MOUNDS AT ARKANSAS POST
MOUNDS AT INDIAN BAY
FROM MOUNDS AND FIELDS
HOLMES.] POTTERY FROM MISSOURI. 499
HOLMES.] POTTERY FROM MISSOURI. 505
