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PERSPEKTIF
Available online http://ojs.uma.ac.id/index.php/perspektif
Implementation of the SIAKBA Application Sub-District Election Committee Admission Committee at the Semarang
City General Election Commission
Mita Suci Wulandari*, Yuwanto & Nunik Retno Herawati
Political Science Masters Study Program, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
Received: 15 January 2023; Reviewed: 07 March 2023; Accepted: 22 March 2023
Abstract
The sophistication of information technology that continues to grow is utilized by election organizers (KPU) by building an Information System for Members of the General Elections Commission and the Adhoc Agency (SIAKBA).
To carry out the process of accepting the Subdistrict Election Committee as stated in the General Election Commission Regulation Number 8 of 2022 concerning the Formation and Work Procedure of Adhoc Bodies in holding the 2024 elections. This research is intended to find out how SIAKBA is implemented in accepting Adhoc bodies at the sub-district level. The method used in this research qualitative method with a descriptive approach.
Data collection techniques were obtained from the field (interviews, observation and documentation). From the results of the research using Edward III's theory, it was concluded that the KPU of Semarang City is ready to carry out the recruitment of Adhoc bodies for PPK members through SIAKBA. Through very good communication patterns, very supportive resources, the disposition or attitude of the SIAKBA team in accepting applicants is full of commitment, responsibility and is ready to carry out all stages of recruitment based on the rules and norms that apply.
Keywords: Implementation; Adhoc; Edward III
How to Cite: Wulandari, M. S., Yuwanto & Herawati, N. R. (2023). Implementasi Aplikasi SIAKBA Penerimaan Badan Adhoc Panitia Pemilihan Kecamatan pada Komisi Pemilihan Umum Kota Semarang. PERSPEKTIF, 6 (2): 106-111
*Corresponding author:
E-mail: mita.suci.ms@gmail.com
ISSN 2085-0328 (Print) ISSN 2684-9305 (Online)
INTRODUCTION
The holding of general elections (elections) and the elections for governors and deputy governors, regents and deputy regents, and mayors and deputy mayors (elections) will be held simultaneously in 2024, the first such elections and elections will be held simultaneously in the same year. with the model of simultaneous Election of President and Vice President, Election of Members of DPR, DPD and DPRD, as well as Election of Governor and Deputy Governor, Regent and Deputy Regent, as well as Mayor and Deputy Mayor.
The General Election Commission (KPU) is an organization established with the aim of overseeing the general election process, in order to create elections that are in accordance with the principles of direct, public, free, confidential, honest and fair (Luber Jurdil). The important role of the KPU as the holder of control over democracy in the context of selecting national leaders is aimed at realizing democracy so that it runs as it should. Within the KPU there are several bodies that take care of the election/election process starting from the central scope to the smallest scope in the regions and villages. The success rate of elections is closely related to the level of workload handed over to administrators from the top level to the lower level (Adhoc) (Husain et al., 2020).
Based on Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning Election Administration, the General Election Commission in holding simultaneous elections/elections is assisted by the hierarchical institutional structure below, namely Provincial KPU and Regency/City KPU.
Then to support the tasks of the KPU at a smaller level, namely sub-districts, villages, up to the polling stations (TPS), Regency/Municipal KPUs are given the authority to form ad hoc bodies consisting of the District Election Committee (PPK), the Voting Committee (PPS), Voting Organizing Group (KPPS), and Voter Data Updating Officer (Pantarlih), each of whom has duties, authorities and obligations.
The District Election Committee (PPK), the Voting Committee (PPS) and the Voting Organizing Group (KPPS) are representatives of the KPU whose role is to channel the language of the KPU at the lowest level. The Adhoc Agency itself is only temporary. Because
they are only formed at every election/election event. Even so, their participation in every Election/Election event is very much needed to support the duties and responsibilities of the KPU in holding Elections/Elections.
There is not much research on this electoral Adhoc agency. And only a few discussed the acceptance of members of Adhoc bodies including (Sulastri & Handayani, 2016) who according to them, that lawsuits at elections and elections occurred due to alleged fraud committed by PPS and KPPS resulting from the existing recruitment process, which in the recruitment process is not effective in producing elections that are professional and with integrity, so it is necessary to strengthen the pattern of supervision (Khan et al., 2021).
Not much different from research (Syafitri et al., 2019) explaining that the KPU institution that carries out elections at the sub- district level is named the Adhoc PPK body. The body itself consists of several members who go through a selection process so that quality members are obtained who can carry out general election duties properly. In order to obtain General Election officers at the sub- district level, Adhoc PPK bodies are accepted by selection in the hope that District Election Committee members will be able to carry out their duties properly, thus in the admissions system for PPK Adhoc bodies there are still people who do not understand the General Election Law. and the lack of public interest in participating to become members of the District Election Committee. This is what makes the Adhoc KDP admissions system ineffectively implemented and causes a lack of participation in society.
Subsequent research explains that currently the Adhoc staff recruitment system at the Pekanbaru City KPU still uses a manual system, prospective Adhoc workers register and enter administrative requirements manually and the files are delivered directly to the Pekanbaru City KPU, so it takes a lot of time and effort to check completeness and must provide a place. for written exams, participants are also required to come directly to the KPU of Pekanbaru City (Dahlia, 2022).
The problem that occurred at the Semarang City Election Commission before the implementation of SIAKBA was that the registration process was carried out manually causing several obstacles. Among them is the
limited space for accepting applicants because the Semarang City KPU does not yet have its own building and the available space in the building is limited. Manual data recapitulation of applicants takes quite a long time. Therefore the research in this paper shows an update on previous research, because information technology support is very important to provide services quickly and efficiently using the new SIAKBA application used in 2022.
The meaning of implementation according to Syaukani et al (2003) is one of the stages in the process of public policy in a country. Usually implementation is carried out after a policy has been formulated with clear objectives, including short, medium and long term goals.
Cleaves' opinion was quoted (in Wahab 2008) (Atmaram, 2018), which explicitly states that: implementation includes "the process of moving towards policy goals by means of administrative and political steps". The success or failure of such an implementation can be evaluated in terms of its real ability to continue or operationalize the programs that have been designed previously.
While the notion of SIAKBA is an information system for KPU members and the Adhoc Agency which assists the KPU in managing the data of KPU members and the SIAKBA Adhoc Agency to facilitate the management of human resources for election organizers and as part of the KPU's efforts to develop a modern, transparent and accountable recruitment process (Rampai, 2022) . In fact, there are still people who are overwhelmed/incapable of using technology, therefore the author will analyze the implementation of SIAKBA in accepting Adhoc agencies at the sub-district level. The purpose of this study is to find out, analyze and describe the readiness of the organizers in carrying out the SIAKBA use policy and the response of the public as applicants to new innovations in the recruitment process.
RESEARCH METHOD
This research is a qualitative research.
This type of research uses descriptive research methods, the purpose of descriptive research is to make systematic, factual and accurate explanations regarding the facts and characteristics of a particular population or area. In this sense, descriptive research actually
does not need to find or explain a relationship or comparison, so it does not require a hypothesis
In its process, this study collected data from primary and secondary data sources through observation, interviews and documentation. The instruments used in this study consisted of: the researchers themselves, interview guides and field notes. To determine informants, researchers used purposive sampling and snowball sampling techniques which included the SIAKBA organizer/team and the community/applicants. The information that has been obtained from the informant is then checked for accuracy using a triangulation examination technique. The data that has been collected is then analyzed using reduction techniques, data presentation and conclusion (Figure 1) popularized by Miles and Huberman (Setyawan & Srihardjono, 2016).
Figure 1 Data Analysis Techniques Source: Miles and Huberman, 1992:20 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
SIAKBA application in the Formation of Adhoc Boards at the District level
In the General Election Commission Decree Number 476 of 2022 concerning Technical Guidelines for the Formation of an Adhoc Board for Organizing General Elections and Elections for Governors and Deputy Governors, Regents and Deputy Regents, and Mayors and Deputy Mayors. Ad hoc bodies are Members and Secretariat of the District Election Committee, Members and Secretariat of the Voting Committee, Voting Organizing Groups, Voter Data Updating Officers, and Polling Place Order Officers in the Implementation of Elections and Elections.
Furthermore, the District Election Committee, abbreviated as PPK, is a committee formed by Regency/Municipal KPU to carry out elections and elections at the sub-district level or by other names.
The use of information technology in the Election/Election stage is a positive progress for the implementation of an increasingly modern electoral system. Not only that, human resources, in this case general election administrators, can be helped by the use of technology.
The Information System for Members of the General Election Commission and the Adhoc Board is a technology rolled out by the KPU to assist in the administration of KPU members and the Adhoc Board. This application also functions as a registration tool for election organizers in recruiting PPK, PPS and PPLN, as well as a database for election organizers from the KPU to KPPS level. The SIAKBA application is useful as a data center, digital and modern archiving, as well as sustainable administrative data and document management (Rampai, 2022).
Implementation of SIAKBA in the Formation of Adhoc Bodies at the District level is used by Semarang City Election Commission to support the information process for the Schedule for the Formation of PPK, Registration of Prospective PPK Members, Verification of Requirements Documents for Prospective PPK Members, Announcement of Selection Results for the Stages of PPK Formation, Monitoring of the Stages of PPK Formation, Uploading PPK Data, PPK Data Recapitulation.
In outreach through social media, Semarang City KPU made a video tutorial on using the SIAKBA application. There are 10 (ten) steps to register for PPK through SIAKBA by first accessing the link http://siakba.kpu.go.id. The first step is to create a SIAKBA account, the second is to activate the account, the third is to log in to the account, the fourth is to enter the list menu, fill in the biographical data and curriculum vitae.
Fifth, select the type of selection, then upload the required files and documents (Photos, E- KTP, final diploma, registration letter, statement letter, DRH, health certificate).
After sending data, the sixth step is that applicants can check checking the completeness of the files received by the KPU with the provisions, if they are complete (receipt of registration is sent to applicants via email), if it is incomplete (submit notification via email to complete the file until the registration deadline ends. Seventh to check administrative verification results Eighth to check written test
results, ninth to check interview results and finally tenth to check selection results.
The development of SIAKBA which will be carried out in 2021 includes having an estimated larger server storage capacity, accommodating uploading of selection documents, updating processes using an automated system, being able to accommodate dynamic data changes, dynamic and two-way operating systems, accommodating registration processes and work assessments.
While the SIAKBA feature consists of schedules and stages (managing the schedule of stages), registration (managing candidates who register), administrative research (reviewing candidate administration files), selection results (managing candidates who pass each stage of selection), PAW management (managing the administration of election organizers PAW ), appointing candidates (managing candidates who are designated as election organizers), monitoring stages (monitoring each selection stage progress), dashboard (presenting information on selection results and PAW), log files (managing administrative document archives), activity logs (managing track records of files updated), account management (managing SIAKBA account), help (tutorials, and FAQ).
Implementation of Siakba in Acceptance of Adhoc Boards at the District Level
According to George C. Edward III (Subarsono, 2011) views that policy implementation is influenced by four variables, namely: (1) communication, (2) resources, (3) disposition, and (4) bureaucratic structure.
Edward III named his public policy implementation model the Direct and Indirect Impact on Implementation. The approach accepted by Edward III as cited by Agustino (2017), there are four variables that greatly determine the successful implementation of a policy, namely: (1) communication, (2) resources, (3) disposition, and (4) bureaucratic structure.
1. Communication
Communication comes from the Latin word communication means notification or exchanging ideas. Communication is a series of processes of transferring information from one person to another with a specific purpose.
Communication is a process that involves a person using natural or universal signs in the
form of symbols based on conscious or unconscious human agreements, both verbal and non-verbal, which aim to influence the attitudes of others. If it is related to the title of this research, then the communication that is meant here is communication in the context of implementing the RI KPU policies contained in PKPU No. 8 of 2022, KPU RI Decree No. 476 of 2022. The policy in question is implementing the SIAKBA application in the recruitment process ad hoc bodies at the sub-district level in the 2024 election stage. In this case good communication was carried out within the Semarang City Election Commission.
Regarding this matter, the researcher interviewed the Head of the Legal and HR Sub- Division who served as the SIAKBA Verification Admin, he said that:
Semarang City KPU socializes Adhoc Agency Registration online through stakeholders, social media, the Semarang City KPU website by introducing features in SIAKBA.
Several provisions of the registration process, as one of the conditions for registering as a PPK member, namely being registered as a voter in the DPT, which can be checked via http://cekdptonline.kpu.go.id and ensure not as a member of a political party, which can be
checked via http
://infopemilu.kpu.go.id/Pemilu/Cari_nik. This is intended as a form of neutrality for PPK members and voter participation in the 2024 Election. General requirements to become an Adhoc body in the 2024 Election include being Indonesian citizens, with integrity, strong personality, honest and fair. Not a member of any political party. Housing in the work area of PPK. Free physically, mentally and drugs. The lowest education level is SMA or equivalent.
The same is the case with what was conveyed by the Legal and HR Staff as SIAKBA Operators, said:
“Information on online PPK registration has been prepared by informing officials in the sub-district to post announcements, then through the KPU online media with the hope that the public will see this information and be able to participate in the 2024 election. During the registration process, the community was very enthusiastic because they were required to be active in using technology, because the process from the initial registration to the KPU's written selection uses SIAKBA and the CAT test as the determining process for
selection to the next stage. The participation of Semarang residents was enormous in the registration of candidate members for the 2024 Election PPK, one of which was demonstrated by becoming the organizing body. Of the PPK member applicants who took part in the recruitment stage through SIAKBA, there were 1,193 people with 523 men and 670 women.
This data is data for the last day Tuesday, November 29, 2022 at 23.59 WIB.
From Figure 2, 5% of applicants who experience problems are seen from internet network factors, age factors and not being literate about technology.
Likewise, one of the applicants from the general public in West Semarang District said that:
"Information regarding the recruitment of the 2024 PPK Election registration through SIAKBA, was obtained from the Semarang City Election Commission's Instagram. Then ask questions directly to the KPU helpdesk via telephone or come directly to the Semarang City KPU office. The SIAKBA application itself is easy to understand and access.
From the results of interviews conducted by the author with several informants, it can be concluded that the communication that exists between the Helpdesk, Operators, SIAKBA Admin and the community/applicants is quite good. The community even participated in registering to become an ad hoc body for the 2024 election.
Figure 2 Infographic of the number of applicants for the 2024 Election PPK members in Semarang City Source: data processed by the author from the daily
report on PPK registration for the 2024 election
2. Resources
Human resources is one important factor.
What is meant here is the resources provided by the Semarang City KPU in implementing the SIAKBA application. Even though the contents of the policy have been communicated clearly and consistently, if the implementer lacks the resources to implement it, the implementation will not be effective.
Regarding this matter the researcher interviewed the Head of the Legal and HR Subdivision, saying that:
"Semarang City Election Commission has divided tasks related to resource needs in servicing the recruitment process through SIAKBA which consists of Operators, Helpdesk and Admin. Each of them has been equipped with knowledge and direction in accordance with their duties and functions. For applicants from various elements of society such as civil servants, students, private individuals and entrepreneurs as a whole, they welcome the new application made by the KPU for the PPK recruitment process. And for infrastructure facilities, the KPU has prepared the necessary needs, such as PCs/Laptops, scanners and mobile phones. SIAKBA itself can be accessed via a smartphone without specification requirements.
This is the same as what was conveyed by the Legal and HR Staff as SIAKBA Operators, saying that:
As a SIAKBA Operator, I have been provided with training/technical guidance as well as trials before using SIAKBA. Regarding the features in the application, it is very helpful for organizers, simplifying and speeding up the file research process.
From the results of the author's observations while in the field, it can be seen that the existing facilities and infrastructure at the KPU Semarang City office are already available, such as computers/laptops, scanners.
As well as in operating the SIAKBA application the team has been running according to the division of their respective tasks,
3. Disposition
Diposition referred to here is a desire, willingness and tendency of policy actors to implement and realize the policy seriously. The character and characteristics possessed by the implementer, such as commitment, honesty, democratic nature. If the implementor has a good disposition, then the implementor can
carry out the policy properly as desired by the policy makers, then the policy implementation process will also be ineffective.
Regarding this matter, the researcher interviewed the Head of the Legal and HR Sub- Division, saying that:
"The willingness and commitment of the KPU of Semarang City can be seen from the readiness in carrying out the task, namely the process of registering PPK members, carrying out the recruitment timeline with honesty, prudence, thoroughness and administrative responsibility for all things done related to the recruitment process. In carrying out this task, the Head of the Legal and HR Subdivision has the obligation to provide a report on the stages of the recruitment in writing to Semarang City KPU Members.
This is the same as what was conveyed by the Legal and HR Staff as SIAKBA Operators, saying that:
"The readiness of human resources as SIAKBA operators, starting from receiving files, researching to always participating to help agree on every decision taken. As an organizer, especially in the HR department, I welcome the implementation of the policy on using SIAKBA in the PPK recruitment process for the 2024 election. Because the files from the applicants are also stored securely in the database, although currently the hardcopy files are still being submitted to the KPU but at least the SIAKBA operator can quickly obtain information related to the output produced (Number of Applicants in each sub-district)”.
From the interview results above, it can be seen that policy implementers and applicants with the implementation of the SIAKBA application, this policy facilitates administrative processes such as filing applicant documents, recapitulating applicant data and is more effective and efficient because it saves time.
The character and characteristics or attitudes possessed by the implementer such as commitment, honesty, democratic nature. If the implementor has a good disposition, then he will be able to carry out the policy as well as what the policy makers want. When the implementor has different characteristics or perspectives from the policy makers, the policy implementation process also becomes ineffective
.
4. Bureaucratic Structure
Discussing the implementation of a policy cannot be separated from the bureaucratic structure. The bureaucratic structure is the characteristics, norms, and patterns of relationships that occur repeatedly in executive bodies, in this case the KPU, which have both potential and real relations with what they have in carrying out policies.
Regarding this matter, the researcher interviewed the Head of the Legal and HR Subdivision, saying that:
“Each organizer of the recruitment process, from the helpdesk level, operators, admins, in implementing policies, has their respective roles. This has also been regulated in the PKPU and KPU RI Decrees regarding the recruitment of ad hoc bodies in the 2024 elections. We work according to our respective duties, and everything goes according to what has been stipulated in the regulations."
Likewise, what was conveyed by the SIAKBA Operator, said that:
"I as an operator in carrying out my duties and performance greatly affect the results of the administrative selection. Therefore I work honestly and conscientiously. As is known, in the recruitment stage, Semarang City Election Commission has implemented the SOP properly. Starting from receiving files, checking up to verifying documents. We have been assisted by the SIAKBA application in terms of electronic file archiving, it is more efficient, effective, fast in obtaining applicant recap output and this is an innovation from the KPU.
From the results of observations and interviews that the bureaucratic structure at the Election Commission in Semarang City is running well according to the existing stages or procedures. Existing facility support makes each team work in accordance with established rules and norms.
CONCLUSION
Whereas the implementation of the SIAKBA Application for the Recruitment of Adhoc Boards at the PPK level at the Semarang City KPU for the 2024 Election in terms of the communications made by the Semarang City KPU is quite good, followed by supporting facilities and infrastructure. The implementation of the SIAKBA application in the context of existing resources at the Semarang City KPU is quite capable and if it is
further improved, of course the Semarang City KPU will get maximum results. Disposition, in this case the Semarang City Election Commission has prepared the ad hoc agency recruitment process at the PPK level through SIAKBA which has shown good sincerity in implementing each stage of the process, even though some community members have not used SIAKBA optimally. The bureaucratic structure, from the elements of the Semarang City KPU bureaucratic structure, is fulfilled because of the SOP which details the duties and responsibilities in guiding applicants during the registration process for prospective PPK members.
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