117 Daftar Pustaka
Buku dan Jurnal
Amanda, N. M. R. (2021). Disrupsi Politik dan Ruang Publik Digital. Dalam Demokrasi tanpa Demos: Refleksi 100 Ilmuwan Sosial Politik tentang Kemunduran Demokrasi di Indonesia. Jakarta: LP3ES.
Aspinall, E. & Mietzner, M. (2019). Indonesia’s Democratic Paradox:
Competitive Elections Amidst Rising Illiberalism. AUS: Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 55 (3): 295-317.
Balabanian, N. (1980). Misinformation and Democracy. Journal of Technology and Society. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
June.
Burns, R. B. (1997) Introduction to Research Methods. 3rd Edition. Australia:
Addison Wesley Longman Ltd.
Cela, E. (2015). Social Media as a New Form of Public Sphere. European Journal of Social Science, Education, and Research. Vol. 2. No. 3.
Creswell, J. W. (2016). Research Design; Pendekatan Metode Kualitatif, Kuantitatif, dan Campuran. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Diamond, L. & Plattner, M.F. (2012). Liberation Technology: Social Media and the Struggle for Democracy. Maryland: John Hopkins University Press
& The National Endowment for Democracy.
Dahl, R. A. (1998). On Democracy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Dewing, M. (2010). Social Media: An Introduction. Canada: Library of Parliament. Canada Government. Publication No. 2010-03-E.
Earl, J, & Kimport, K. (2011). Digitally Enabled Social Change: Activism in the Internet Age. Massachusetts: MIT Press.
118
Fernback, J. (1997). The individual within the collective: virtual ideologyand the realization of collective principles, in Virtual culture: identity and communication in cybersociety. London: Sage, pp. 35–54.
Flynn, D. N. & Reifler, J. (2017). The Nature and Origins of Misperceptions:
Understanding False and Unsupported Beliefs about Politics. Political Psychology, 38 (S1), 127–150.
Garcia-Guadilla, M & Mallen, A. (2018) Polarization, Participatory Democracy, and Democratic Erosion in Venezuela’s Twenty-First Century Socialism.
American Academy of Political and Social Science 681 (1).
Gilardi, F. (2016). Digital Democracy: How Digital Technology Is Channging Democracy and Its Study. Zurich: UZH Journal.
Glenski, M., et al. (2020) User Engagement with Digital Deception. Dalam Kai Shu et al. Disinformation, Misinformation, and Fake News in Social Media. Emerging Research Challenges and Opportunities. USA:
Springer.
Green, L. (2002). Technoculture: From Alphabet to Cybersex. NSW, Australia:
Allen & Unwin.
Guess, A., & Lyons, B. (2020). Misinformation, Disinformation, and Online Propaganda. Dalam Persily, Natahaniel., & Tucker, Joshua. Social Media and Democracy: The State of the Field, Prospects for Reform.
UK: Cambridge University Press.
Habermas, J., Lennox, S., & Lennox, F. (1964). The Public Sphere: An Encyclopedia Article. New German Critique, No. 3. (Autumn, 1974), pp.
49-55
Habermas, J. (2006). Political Communication in Media Society: Does Democracy Still Enjoy an Epistemic Dimension? The Impact of Normative Theory on Empirical Research. Communication Theory.
119
Hadiz, Vedi R. (2010). Localising Power in Post-Authoritarian Indonesia a Southeast Asia Perspective. USA: Standford University Press.
Hauser, P. M. & Duncan, O. D. (1959). “The Study of Population”: An Inventory and Appraisal. Pp. xvi, 864. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Hine, C. (2008). How can qualitative internet researchers define the boundaries of their projects? dalam A. Markham & N. Baym (Eds.), Internet inquiry: Conversations about method. Hal 1–32. California: Sage.
Huntington, S. P., et al. (1977). No Easy Choice: Political Participation in Developing Countries. MA: Harvard University Press.
Jalli, Nuurrianti. (2021). TikTok: Consumption of information among Gen-Z in Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines. Tech Camp Report 2021. U.S.
Department of State.
Kumar, R. (2011). Research Methodology: A Step-by-step Guide for Beginners.
UK: Sage.
Kruse, L. M., et al. (2017). Social Media as a Public Sphere? Politics on Social Media. USA: Routledge.
Lee, E. (2008). Digital Infrastructure for The Community, By the Community Source: Race, Poverty & the Environment. Spring 2008, Vol. 15, No. 1, Who Owns Our Cities? pp. 56-57
Manin, B. (1997). The principles of representative government. New York:
Cambridge University Press.
Marta, A., L. Agustino, & Wicaksono. (2019). Democracy in Crisis: Civic Freedom in contemporary Indonesia. Dalam Proceedings of The International Conference of Democratisation in Southeast Asia, Advance in Social Science, Education, and Humanities Research. Vol. 367, 255.
Atlantic Press.
120
Matthews, B., et al. (2010). Research Methods: Practical Guide for the Social Science. UK: Pearson Education Limited.
McDougall, J. (2019) Digital Literacy, Fake News and Education. Journal of Culture and Education. UK: Routledge.
Mahardika, S. V., Ma’una, I. I., Islamiyah, Z. & Nurjannah I, N. (2021). Faktor- Faktor Penyebab Tingginya Minat Generasi Post-Millenial Indonesia Terhadap Penggunaan Aplikasi Tik-Tok. Jurnal Social Science Educational Research. 2 (1): 40-53.
Mearsheimer, J. (2011). Why Leaders Lie: The Truth about Lying in International Politics. UK: Oxford University Press.
Mietzner, M., et al. (2018) Enrepreneurs of Grievance: Drivers and effects of Indonesia’s Islamist Mobilization. Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde 174 (2-3): 159-87.
Nothhaft, H. (2016). The Dream of Enlightment Within Digital Reach? Concepts of Modern Democracy. Dalam W. Timothy Coombs, et al. Strategic Communcation, Social Media, and Democarcy: The Challenge of the Digital Naturals. London & New York: Routledge.
Olaniran, B, & Williams, I. (2020). Social Media Effects: Hijacking Democracy and Civility in Civic Engagement. Platforms, Protests, and the Challenge of Networked Democracy. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Pavlíček, A. (2005). Anonimity on The Internet and Its Influence on The Communication Process. Disertasi pada Faculty of Social Science, Institute of Communication and Jurnalism. Charles University.
Portmess, L. (2018) Post-Truth: Mercuse and New Forms of Social Control.
Portmess. Dalam America's Post-Truth Phenomenon: When Feelings and Opinions Trump Facts and Evidence. Hal. 59-71. US-Santa Barbara:
Praeger.
121
Poespowardjojo, S. & Alexander S. (2016). Diskursus Teori-teori Kritis. Jakarta:
Kompas Media Nusantara.
Power, T. P. (2018) Jokowi’s Authoritarian Turn and Indonesia’s Democratic Decline. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 54 (3): 307-38.
Saraswati, M. S, (2020). The Political Campaign Industry and The Rise of Disinformation in Indonesia. Dalam Simpeng, Aim., & Tapsell, Ross.
From Grassroots Activism to Disinformation: Social Media in Southeast Asia. Singapore: ISEAS Yusof Ishak Institute.
Sudibyo, A. (2016). Histeria di Media Sosial. (Jakarta: Harian Kompas 28 November, 2016) Hal 7.
Sudibyo, A. (2019). Jagat Digital: Pembebasan dan Penguasaan. Jakarta: KPG.
Sunstein C, & Vermeule A. (2009). Conspiracy Theories: Causes and cures.
Journal of Political Philosophy, 17(2): 202–227.
Tucker, J. A., Guess, A., Barberá, P. et al. (2018). Social Media, Political Polarization, and Political Disinformation: A Review of the Scientific Literature. Hewlett Foundation Report.
Vilmer, J. (2018). Information Manipulation: A Challenge for Our Democracies.
Report of The Policy Planning Staff (CAPS) of the Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs. France: IRSEM.
Institute for Strategic Research (IRSEM) of the Ministry for the Armed Forces, Paris, August 2018.
Vivian, B. (2018). On the Erosion of Democracy by Truth. US: Philosophy &
Rhetoric, Volume 51. No. 4.
Verba. S. et al. (1995). Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Pp. xix, 640.
122 Sumber Daring
Aptika. (2022). Tim Keamanan Siber Kominfo Pantai Konten Negatif Pemilu.
Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika. Situs:
https://aptika.kominfo.go.id/2022/07/tim-keamanan-siber-kominfo- pantau-konten-negatif-pemilu/. Diakses 30 Oktober 2022.
BeritaSatu. (2022). M. Qodari: Bahaya Politik Identitas di Pilpres 2024. Situs:
https://www.beritasatu.com/news/944107/m-qodari-peringatkan- bahaya-politik-identitas-di-pilpres. Diakses pada 14 September 2022.
BeritaSatu. (2018). Perludem: Menguatnya Politik Identitas Jadi Tantangan.
Situs: https://www.beritasatu.com/news/467546/perludem-menguatnya- politik-identitas-jadi-tantangan. Diakses pada 13 September 2022.
Detik. (2022). Novel Baswedan: Tidak Ada Bukti Ganjar Terlibat Kasus e-KTP.
Detik News. Situs: https://news.detik.com/berita/d-6357467/novel- baswedan-tidak-ada-bukti-ganjar-terlibat-kasus-e-ktp. Diakses 30 Oktober 2022.
ECPS. (2021). Electoral Democracy. European Center for Populism Studies.
Situs: https://www.populismstudies.org/Vocabulary/electoral- democracy/. Diakses 17 September 2022.
Guallar, J. (2020). Misinformation, Hoaxes, Curation and Verification: Review of Studies in Iberoamerica 2017-2020. Jurnal Telos. Telos, vol. 22, núm. 3, pp. 595-613, 2020. Universidad Privada. Situs:
https://www.redalyc.org/journal/993/99364425011/html/. Diakses pada 13 September 2022.
Kemp, S. (2022). Digital 2022: Indonesia. Data Reportal. We Are Social. Situs:
https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2022-indonesia. Diakses pada 12 April 2022.
Kominfo. Aptika (2021). Warganet Meningkat, Indonesia Perlu Tingkatkan Nilai Budaya di Internet. Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika RI.
123
Situs: https://aptika.kominfo.go.id/2021/09/warganet-meningkat- indonesia-perlu-tingkatkan-nilai-budaya-di-
internet/#:~:text=Jakarta%2C%20Ditjen%20Aptika%20%E2%80%93
%20Tahun%202021,di%20ruang%20digital%20yang%20baik. Diakses pada 12 April 2022.
Kompas. (2022). TikTok Diprediksi Jadi Medsos Terbesar Ketiga pada 2022.
Situs: https://tekno.kompas.com/read/2022/01/03/08070077/tiktok- diprediksi-jadi-medsos-terbesar-ketiga-pada-2022?page=all. Diakses pada 30 Oktober 2022,
Kompas. (2022). Survei Reuters: 68 Persen Masyarakat Indonesia Mengakses Berita dari Medsos. Situs:
https://www.kompas.com/cekfakta/read/2022/06/17/153126682/survei reuters-68-persen-masyarakat-indonesia-mengakses-berita-
dari?page=all. Diakses 20 Juni 2022.
Manville, B. (2019). Will Tecnology Kill Democracy—Or Reinvent It? Forbes.
Situs: https://www.forbes.com/sites/brookmanville/2019/09/08/will- technology-kill-democracyor--reinvent-it/?sh=449a8ca56a1b. Diakses 12 April 2022.
Repucci, S., & Slipowitz, A. (2021). Democracy under Siege. Freedom on the Net 2021. Freedom House. Situs:
https://freedomhouse.org/country/indonesia/freedom-net/2021. Diakses 5 April 2022.
Tapsell, Ross. (2018). Disinformation and Democracy in Indonesia. New Mandala. Situs: https://www.newmandala.org/disinformation- democracy-indonesia/. Diakses pada 25 September 2022.
Wigmore, I. (2020). Deepfake AI (Deep Fake). TechTarget. Situs:
https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/deepfake#:~:text=Deep%
20fake%20(also%20spelled%20deepfake,of%20deep%20learning%20a nd%20fake. Diakses 30 Oktober 2022.
124
