This study showed two different patterns of the commodity chains of eel seed from both Sukabumi Regency and Bengkulu Province to the eel farms in Java Island. We find 41 particles of microplastic in the form of granules (35 particles) and fiber (6 particles). The problems with classification criteria are discussed later. 2,679 million) and accounted for 54% of the total sales of anguillid eel in Sukabumi Regency in 2014.
Monthly unit price trends of anguilidal at each stage in 2014 are also calculated based on both monthly catch and monthly transaction at each stage (Figure 5). Monthly trends of the unit prices of anguilid eel at each stage in Sukabumi Regency in 2014 derived from the catch statistics and the transaction of eel shown in Table 1, Fig. We had assumed the average weight of “Glasal” from certain eel farmers in West Java to be 0.17g as a result of the adoption of glass eel in 2014 (anonymous, personal communication).
As a result of the assessment, 11,485 thousand specimens of glass eel were caught in the Sukabumi region in 2014. The time lag of catch peaks appears to be between "glass eel" and "elver". In the second option, when 1.0 g was adopted, the estimated number of catches of "Elver" (9,801 thousand specimens) reached 85% of the number of catches of "Glass eel".
Eel harvest statistical information obtained from eel harvesters will assist in the process of confirming the seasonal trend of the anguillid eel fishery by checking official catch statistics.
NEW RECORD OF PARASESARMA RAOULI RAHAYU AND NG, 2009 (CRUSTASEA: BRACHYURA: SESARMIDAE) FROM THE RIAU
ARCHIPELAGO, INDONESIA
Abdomen of male moderately wide (Figure 2C); somite 6 with lateral margin slightly convex, almost twice as long as wide, telson semicircular, evenly rounded. G1 (Figure 3) relatively thin, straight; apical process bent to form an angle of 45%, corneous part long, conical, ending in truncate tip ( Figure 3C ); setae long, simple, originating at base of apical process. Distribution: Parasesarma raouli was described from Sungei Melayu, Straits of Johor, Johor, Peninsular Malaysia; and is now recorded from Pulau Berang, Lingga, Riau Archipelago, Indonesia.
The specimen from Pulau Berang agrees well with the description and figure of the holotype of P. There are small differences in the number of pectinate ridges and the relative proportion of merus in the third ambulatory legs. These differences are probably related to size, as the specimen from Berang is smaller than the holotype.
The specimen was found crawling on the base of a mangrove tree in an environment dominated by Sonneratia alba on a sandy substrate. Anna Manuputty as coordinator of the coral reef monitoring project in Lingga, Riau Archipelago, and all staff involved in helping to collect the sample. A new species of the genus Parasesarma (Crustacea: Brachyura: . Sesarmidae) from Taiwan and the Philippines, and redescription of P .
Mokõi especie pyahu género Haberma & Parasesarma (Crustáceo: Decapoda: Brachyura: . Sesarmidae) rehegua, oúva Papúa, Indonesia-gui.
EFFECT OF VARIOUS DIETARY SEAWEEDS ON THE GROWTH OF GOLD-MOUTH TURBAN (Turbo chrysostomus L., 1758)
AT LOMBOK, INDONESIA
So far, a study on the use of seaweed to feed marine snail, especially for a golden beaked turban, has rarely been conducted. Preliminary observation showed that golden-billed turban Gracilaria sp. consumed, and general preference for turban shells indicated that turbo could eat Rhodopyhta, Chlorophyta or Phaeophyta (Foster and Hodgson, 1998). Therefore, this study is intended to investigate the effect of different dietary seaweeds or algae (Gracilaria sp., Ulva spp. and Kappaphycus alvarezii) on the growth of golden-billed turban.
Golden-lipped turban fry were fed algae every two days at 40% of total body weight for six weeks after the feeding trial. 270 six-month-old hatchery-reared golden-lipped turban (Turbo chrysostomus) chicks were used in this study. These fry were produced in the hatchery of Mataram Marine Bioindustry Technical Implementation Unit, Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI).
Two-inch PVC pipe cut to length, placed in the bottom of the tanks, provided shelter for the snails. The growth data of golden-billed turban (T. . chrysostomus) fed different seaweed diets are presented in Table 2. Final weight, final shell length, weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR) and food intake of snails fed Gracilaria sp.
The maximum food intake was achieved in snails fed with Gracilaria sp. were fed, while food intake of Ulva spp., and K. Although the nutritional content of the seaweed was not analyzed in the present study, the protein content of Gracilaria sp. However, the percentage of the final weight of golden-billed turban with Ulva spp. was twice as high as snail fed K. 1999) found that enzyme activity of structural polysaccharide carrageenan was low in the digestive gland of marine gastropod T. sarmaticus fed red, green and brown algae. alvarezii may be related to carrageenan content and low enzyme activity.
They showed that digestive enzyme activity in the digestive gland of storage polysaccharide glycogen and amylose was 180.8 and 147.9 (μg-1 ml-1 h-1) mg-1 protein, respectively. This study was funded by the Government of Indonesia through Mataram Marine Bio Industry Technical Implementation Unit, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) fiscal year 2014 under project title "Golden beaked turban (Turbo chrysostomus) culture". Growth rate and carrageenan analyzes in four strains of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) farmed in the subtropical waters of São Paulo State, Brazil.
MICROPLASTIC IN THE DEEP-SEA SEDIMENT OF SOUTHWESTERN SUMATERA WATERS
In addition to being a mechanically degraded plastic, microplastics in the environment can also originate from microbeads in cosmetics and fabrics (Browne et al., 2011; Fendall & Sewell, 2009). The consumption of plastic would irritate the digestive system (Betts, 2008) and could also cause other serious problems, as the plastics consumed can also adsorb organic pollutants (Teuten et al., 2009). The consumption of microplastics by marine organisms could happen because the organisms wrongly identify the microplastic as edible food (Van Cauwenberghe et al., 2012).
Microplastic extraction was performed by a modified flotation method using concentrated saline at 1.18 g/l (Claessens et al., 2011; Mohamed Nor & Obbard, 2014; Thompson et al., 2004) and double-distilled deionized water. Therefore, our study supports other works showing that areas near the port or adjacent to shipping traffic have a high content of microplastics (Claessens et al., 2011). This suggests that plastics produced since 1910 (with mass production since 1950) have permeated marine environments even in pristine areas (Van Cauwenberghe et al., 2013).
Plastics can reach the seabed at depths of >2000m within a few days or a year, depending on ocean currents (Van Cauwenberghe. et al., 2013). And as suggested by some studies, marine snow can also become a vector for downward microplastics (Goldberg, 1997; Van Cauwenberghe et al., 2013). Since plastic can adsorb organic pollution (Teuten et al., 2009), it is possible that other non-polluting organic materials can also bind to plastic.
TEP itself attracts other materials, such as fecal pellets, phytodetritus from planktonic organisms and even dead materials, so that they can aggregate into larger sizes (M. Graham et al., 1999; Turner, 2015). Within this zone, marine snow can be broken down by microbes (Sanders et al., 2014), but the process may not affect the non-degradable microplastics. Subsequently, the microplastics would accumulate at a depth of less than 1000 meters with freshly produced particulate matter (Liu et al., 2007), the process being influenced by the partial pressure of CO2 and the particle size (Passow et al., 2014).
Marine organisms could be primarily affected by plastic entanglement, plastic entanglement and plastic consumption (Gregory, 2009; Thompson, Moore et al., 2009; Van Franeker et al., 2011). Many marine organisms have been observed to accumulate microplastics in their bodies, including crustaceans (Farrell & Nelson, 2013), copepods (Cole et al., 2013), blue mussels (Browne et al., 2008). Microplastics ingested by marine organisms can disrupt the functioning of the digestive tract (Cole et al., 2013) and become carriers of other organic pollutants adsorbed on microplastics, such as brominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls (Teuten et al., 2009).
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ELECTRONIC LOGGING INSTRUMENT TO HELP SCIENTIFIC DIVER IN CORAL REEF
MONITORING
The instrument consists of a computer so that data obtained in the field can be automatically processed when entered into the computer. The instrument should also function as an underwater e-log by helping scientific divers record coral data, measure water quality data and store both information in a micro SD card. This electronic logging instrument which we call 'Coral Input Data Instrument' has a dimension of 200mm x 150mm x 75mm (Figure 1).
If no micro SD card is detected, the instrument will not proceed to the next command and the LCD will display “Init failed!” displayed. instead of. This option would be used for naming files stored on the micro SD card. The depth value is displayed on the LCD screen and also stored on the micro SD card.
And when the user presses '#', the microcontroller will take the data and store it along with the depth, transition distance, shape and genus codes entered earlier in the micro SD card. Simulation in Proteus is used to see Coral Input Data Instrument performance from firmware compiled by Arduino IDE by inserting coral data using LIT and PIT simulated in this software. In LIT simulation, Coral Input Data Instrument succeeded in retrieving temperature, depth and visibility data (Figure 4), while the user inputs coral data manually as shown in Figure 5.
The PIT coral input data is also saved on virtual SD card and opened using WinImage as a text file. Text file containing sensor data and coral input using the LIT method stored on virtual SD card. Text file containing sensor data and coral input using the PIT method stored on virtual SD card.
Divers using Coral Input Data Instrument to record coral life form and genera types using LIT and PIT methods. Field observation and testing were conducted on Pramuka Island to assess the instrument's performance in the field. The Coral Input Data Instrument succeeded during the field test (Figure 10), in both LIT and PIT methods.
The Coral Input Data Instrument is an innovation that can help scientific divers record coral reef data using LIT and PIT methods. Comparison of coral life form and genus data retrieval times between manually entered versus using the tool /.
