HEALTH, SAFETY, SECURITY IN LOGISTICS
24306_Even Semester 2022/2023
Week 9 – Fire Hazards in Logistics
OUTLINE
▪ Fire – definition and classification
▪ Protections from fire hazards
▪ Case Study
WHY?
Where do you mostly encounter fire?
What you do when the fire endanger your life?
Why should logisticians understand what fire is and how to extinguish it?
Any fire-related accident you know?
REVIEW – FIRE AND HEAT
FIRE - DEFINITION
▪ Fire, or combustion, is a chemical reaction between oxygen and a combustible fuel.
▪ Fire hazards are conditions that favor fire development or growth.
▪ Combustion is the process by which fire converts fuel and oxygen into energy, usually in the form of heat.
▪ Fire is a chain reaction. For combustion to continue, there must be a constant source of fuel, oxygen and heat.
▪ An explosion is a very rapid, contained fire. When the gases produced exceed the pressure capacity of the vessel, a rupture or explosion must result.
FIRE TRIANGLE
▪ The interaction of three elements: Oxygen, Heat, and Fuel, is absolutely needed to create fire.
▪ Heat allows fire to spread by evaporating moisture in fuels, allowing it to ignite and travel more easily.
▪ Fuel provides fire a burneable material, allowing it to advance. The fuel can be in a form of liquid (gasoline,
kerosene, alcohol, etc), gas (natural gas, acetone, hydrogen, etc), or solid (coal, plastic, paper, etc).
▪ Oxygen supports the oxydation process, when more oxygen
exists in a burning system, the bigger the fire will be.
FIRE TRIANGLE
https://youtu.be/AFwkGTEles8 https://youtu.be/RDV2eubmfIE
FIRE - CLASSIFICATION
https://www.nfpa.org/News-and-Research/Publications-and-media/Press-Room/Reporters-Guide-to-Fire-and-NFPA/All-about-fire
Ordinary combustible materials, such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber, and many types of plastic.
The burned and leave ash, got extinguished by cooling the fuel to a temperature (T) that is below the ignition T. Water and other extinguishing agents are effective.
Flammable liquids (burn at room temperature and combustible liquids (require heat to ignite) such as petroleum products, solvents, and flammable gases. High fire hazard and water may not extinguish. Creating a barrier between the fuel and oxygen is the effective method.
Fuels that would be A or B except that they involve energized electrical equipment. Special techniques and agents required to extinguish, most commonly carbon dioxide or dry chemical agents. Use of water is very dangerous because water conducts electricity.
Combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium, lithium and potassium. Most cars contain numerous such metals. Because of extremely high flame temperatures, water can break down into Hydrogen and Oxygen, enhancing burning or exploding. Extinguish with special powders based on sodium chloride or other salts or clean, dry sand.
Fires in cooking appliances that involve combustible cooking media (such as vegetables or animals oils and fats)
FIRE PROTECTION
▪ Fire Detectors and Alarm System
▪ Fire Hydrants
▪ Fire Sprinklers
▪ Fire Evacuation System
▪ Fire Extinguishers
FIRE PROTECTION
https://realpars.com/fire-alarm-system/
FIRE PROTECTION
water hydrant
emergency escape route
water sprinkler
water hose and handheld fire extinguisher
FIRE PROTECTION
▪ Portable or handheld fire extinguishers (Alat Pemadam Api Ringan/APAR in Bahasa Indonesia) is the most common mean of fire protection provided in buildings.
▪ The placement of this extinguishers should be well planned, since it should be easy to spot, easy to reach, and it should be maintained in good condition.
▪ Everyone is expected to have basic knowledge of how to operate the extinguisher correctly without harming themselves.
▪ There are five main fire extinguisher types, categorized based on the material contained inside the canister: water, foam, dry powder, Carbon dioxide (CO2) and wet chemical.
▪ The fire risk from different classes of fire will determine which fire extinguisher type is actually needed.
CASE STUDY – VALUJET CRASH
CASE STUDY – VALUJET CRASH
Work in groups of three and watch the following video on youtube https://youtu.be/tO3keiCVljk
Read the additional article (https://admiralcloudberg.medium.com/value-for-money-the- crash-of-valujet-flight-592-762db479ca7d) to give you clear understanding before answering the following questions:
1. What happened?
2. How did the accident start?
3. What caused the fire?
4. If you are working for an air cargo such as Valujet, as logisticians, what do you think you need to do to avoid the similar accidents? Why?
Write down your answers on a piece of paper and submit today Good luck!
