1
LEARNING SPEAKING BY COMBINING
TEAMS GAME TOURNAMENT (TGT) AND INQUIRY STRATEGIES
Oleh:IRMA *)
**) Dona Alicia, Pembimbing atau Pengajar Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat
ABSTRAK
Makalah ini ditulis bertujuan untuk membantu mengatasi permasalahan siswa dalam pengajaran berbicara. Selain itu, makalah ini juga bertujuan sebagai masukan bagi guru-guru bahasa inggris dalam melaksanakan pengajaran speaking sehingga siswa tertarik dan termotivasi untuk belajar berbicara. Dalam makalah ini penulis membahas dua strategi yang dikombinasikan untuk membantu siswa berbicara yaitu strategi TGT dengan strategi Inquiry. Strategi ini mempunyai langkah-langkah yang sistematis dalam penerapannya. Di mulai dengan guru menyiapkan materi yang menarik dan sesuai topik, agar mempermudah siswa untuk menyampaikan topik tersebut kepada tim mereka dan tim lainnya. Setelah itu siswa bekerja sama dalam mengolah soal yang diberikan oleh guru dengan tim mereka. Lalu guru memberikan permainan kepada siswa sebelum mereka menyampaikan kepada tim yang lainnya tentang apa yang telah tim mereka diskusikan. Nantinya siapa diantara tim mereka yang bagus dalam penyampaiannya dan sesuai dengan topik yang telah diberikan maka tim tersebutlah yang menjadi pemenang. Adapun kelebihan penggabungan strategi ini adalah siswa akan memiliki kemampuan untuk bertanggung jawab dengan diri mereka sendiri maupun tim mereka. Karena dalam strategi ini mereka bersaing. Dan dari topik yang diberikan oleh guru, siswa dapat mengetahui dan menambah kosakata Bahasa Inggris mereka dari yang mereka lihat dilingkungan sekitar mereka, jadi siswa tidak takut atau malu lagi mengucapkannya.
Key Word: Learning, Speaking, Teams Game Tournament (TGT) strategy, Inquiry strategy.
* Penulis
* *Pembimbing
Introduction
Speaking has an important role in the process of communication. It is because without having good speaking ability, the process of oral communication cannot run well. In the speaking learning process the student should have good pronunciation, vocabulary, and know the meaning of context. Speaking is a skill that should be learned by learners in learning English where learners are asked to practice to speak in English in their daily life, especially in classroom. Speaking will help learners to get habitual and fluency, so they can improve their speaking ability because learning by doing will give big contribution toward improvement of learners’ ability in speaking.
In speaking process, there are interactions between teachers and learners such as the learners respond the teacher’s
questions in learning activity and learners to learners. It is done to make the teaching learning process run well. This process is happened in each level of class and activity. On the other hand, in applying the learning speaking process, there might be some problems that always happened between teachers and learners.
Based on the writer experience at SMP N 1 Enam Lingkung, the writer try to apply TGT and Inquiry strategy. And the result, student attractive to follow this strategy. So students’ ability in speaking skill more increase. Between teacher and learners get good interaction each other and the speaking activity become more interesting. There are many strategies in speaking skill such as Cubing strategy, Peer Tutoring, Team work, Role Play, TGT (Teams Game Tournament) and Inquiry. But Teams Game Tournament
2 (TGT) strategy combined with Inquiry strategies can help their pronounce in speaking with game in groups or themselves.
Review of Related Literature
Learning very important for human, started from the human was born until die. Because with learning, the human get many things like a knowledge, etc.
According to Gagne (1997), Learning is change in human disposition or capacitive, which persists over a period time, and which is not simply available to process a growth. In other word, to process a growth the human experience in their life. And belong that, human needs a learning from their environment.
Furthermore, Hintzman (2001) adds, Learning is a change that occurs within the organism, human or animal, is caused by the experience that can influence the behavior of the organism. It means learning is a change by human or animal caused the experience of them while their life.
Last, According to Arno (2005:4) The formal definition of learning describes the process as a relatively permanent change in behavior based on an individual's interactional experience with its environment. As such, learning is an important form of personal adaptation and describes the process of individual’s interactional experience with their environment.
In summary, learning is the human’s experience with their environment. It can like a knowledge, science, etc. With learning, human can do anything with using their brain. Started from the children, good learning really important to continue their life. Because when they growth, good learning come from their environment expecially their family.
From those statements, it concludes that speaking is process of communication or expressing to communicate opinions for understand to interactive process with other.
Furthermore, with speaking the learners can express their ideas, opinions and
feelings. And the communication can be good between speakers with other people.
Speaking is to express or communicate opinions, feelings, and ideas.
According to Hornby (1995:826), speaking is making use words in an ordinary voice, uttering words, knowing and being able to use language; expressing oneself in words;
making speech. While skill is the ability to do something well. Therefore, we can infer that speaking is the ability to make use of words or language to express oneself in an ordinary voice. In short, the speaking skill is the ability to perform the linguistics knowledge in actual communication. The ability functions to express our ideas, feeling, thoughts, and need orally. It means that speaking use to express our ideas, feeling, thoughts, and need orally to making speech.
Furthermore, Mary (1999:1) states speaking is an interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producing, receiving and processing information. In other words speaking used to interactive with other people and students can know what the meaning from producing, receiving and processing information of word.
Furthermore, Azvi (2005:92), speaking is a process of communication by using audible and visible symbols to communicate. Audible symbol is someone speak about something or what she/he want says. It means that, with speaking we can communication with other by using audible and visible symbol.
In learning speaking the teacher can use TGT strategy to attract students’
interest and spirit. They can practice together by groups. According to Mahony (2006:2), TGT strategy where students work together in groups and are responsible for their teammates learning as well as their own and compete in tournaments against other teams to test for learning. It means that students can work together and they are responsible with their teammates as they can share everything together in their group.
3 Furthermore, Milati (2009:4) stated Teams Games Tournament is the way to get the common goal by learning together.
Students have to work together to get success and responsible for the success of individual in their group. So, this purpose to learning together but they must responsible with their group by themselves.
In addition, Slavin (2010:13) adds that TGT is one of the learning strategies designed by Robert Slavin for review and mastery learning of material. Slavin has found that TGT increased basic skills, students’ achievement, positive interactions between students, acceptance of mainstreamed classmates and self- esteem. This sentence means with this strategy the students can positive interactios between their friend not only their group but also with other group.
From the definition above, the writer conclude that TGT is an appropriate strategy that can develope students’
creative in speaking activity. In this case, the students can learn by group. They can explore and develope what they want to say in the conversation. And they can responsible with their group, so this strategy can get positive caracteristic from student not only for their self but also for their group.
Many strategies that can be used in learning speaking skill, but strategies are easier to combine with TGT (Teams Game Tournament) is Inquiry. Because Inquiry provides lesson to students that they can take from their envirounment or their lives.
The National Research Council (1996:1) defines inquiry as: The diverse ways in which scientist study the natural world and propose explanations based on the evidence derived from their work.
Scientific inquiry also refers to the activities through which students develop knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas, as well as an understanding of how scientists study the natural world. It can be said that inquiry is one strategy to make students can learn like natural and can develop their knowledge and make Scientifics ideas based on their knowledge or real life.
According to Kuhlthau (2004:7), inquiry is the way of learning new skills and broadening our knowledge for understanding and creating in the midst of rapid technological change and inquiry is the foundation of the information age school.
And the last, Friesen (2006) said Inquiry is the cornerstone of instruction in multilevel classrooms. Inquiry is a manner of learning where students learn to become problem solvers while investigating real- life situations.
Related from the explanation above, inquiry is a strategy that can be used by the teacher to let the students learn by their self as natural. They can explore the scientific ideas as natural in solving the problem in speaking activity. Its not only for their self but with their friend and achievement.
Discussion
In this chapter, the writer would like to discuss some points related to the learning process and the writer discusses about some materials in learning speaking by combining TGT ( Teams Game Tournaments) and Inquiry Strategies. By using this strategy students will be able to improve their speaking skill for themselves and each other. And make them motivated and attractive for the future.
In learning speaking, the strategy should be an interesting strategy that will make them excited in learning. Before coming into the class to start the lesson, the teachers needs to do some preparations. To apply this strategies the writer will describe all preparations as follow:
A. Preparation of Learning
Before learning process begin, the teacher have to prepare everything to make learning and learning process run well. There are some preparations that should be prepared by the teacher such as :
1) Learning goal
In learning goal, the teacher has to state learning goal before coming to the class. They are useful to measure what should be taught and
4 what should be reached by the students.
2) Selecting and choosing material.
The teacher should select the topic is suitable for the students level.
The material topic should be appropriate with the students and involve in standard syllabus. TGT (Teams Game Tournaments) strategy and Inquiry strategy can be used in speaking material. So the writer use material about procedure text from this strategy.
3) Time allocation.
The teacher also needs to consider about time management for one meeting. It takes 2 x 45 minutes for one meeting. So the teacher has to allocate the time. The teacher use 15 minutes for pre-learning activity, 60 minutes for whilst learning activity and 15 minutes for post learning activity.
4) Media
Media can help the students to be more interested in learning. The teacher selects the media before coming into the class in order the students are easier to understanding the topic. Many media can be used in this strategy, such as; text, pictures and games.
To apply TGT and Inquiry strategy in learning speaking, the teacher will use pictures and games as media in learning and learning process in order to stimulate students.
B. Procedure of Learning
In this stage, some activities should be done during learning process. The teacher comes to the class prepare of material and consist of learning process. It has functions to stimulate’ the students’
background knowledge, gives new information about the topic, and increases the students’ concentration to start their study. To create a good environment in the class, both the teacher and the students should follow several procedures. The procedure are:
1) Teacher present material
In this stage, teacher provide the material about the topic that teacher used to the student.
Teacher prepared the material can used media such as pictures, video, audio or question appropriate with the topic. So, student can catch before the lesson. The creativity’s teacher very important to make the student more antushiasm, interesting and active when learning process. Teacher also give to the student about the material appropriate with the student’s environment.
2) Remember – give concept and ideas to the students
Teacher provides the opportunity for students to present their ideas as an example from the topic. And teacher must be prepared the topic appropriate their environment’s knowledge. From the material, student can get the idea from their environment, so when they do communication with other.
Although the topic make student confused, but from the concept or idea of the lesson from environment. The student can remember that and speak well word by word or sentence by sentence.
3) Understand
It involves : grasping the meaning of material including interpreting, exemplifying : give the example, classifying : part of them, summarizing, inferring, comparing and explaining. It means the teacher explained the meaning of material and give understanding to the student such as give example, part of the topic, and give the summarizing. The teacher’s explanation give more understanding to the student about the topic of learning process. So student get the point of the topic.
4) Apply - carrying out or using a procedure in a given situation or transferring selected information to a new task
5 To increase students' understanding, the teacher gives a new task for them related to the topic. The new task answered by the students and last teacher help them to give the correct answer from the question. This task helps student to get the best answer for next question because they must relation each other.
5) Students work in teams of 4-5 to prepare team members for a quiz.
students divide in team about 4-5 before the teacher give a task.
All of the students in the class divide 4 until 5 teams, teacher divide them can from their absent or other. And teacher take 1 leader for their team member. And then give them a new quiz appropriate the topic, so they work in teams and themselves too. To make interesting teams, student can give their teams a name to easily for the teacher and student remember that.
6) Tournaments are held usually at the end of the week where content- relevant games are played at a table (3 students) with one member from different teams. From their teams, every week when learning process tournament are held usually with one member from different member. It means everyweeks the teams must be performance from their teams from their leader but their exercise must be from their cooperative.
7) Analyse
Breaking material into constituent parts and determining how parts relate to one another and to an overall structure or purpose, including differentiating, organizing and attributing. The teacher asks the students to analyze from their understanding of the tasks that have been given by the teacher, and they do it with their groups. It can like using a card or game.
8) Evaluate
Making judgments based on criteria and standards, involving appraisal, checking and critiquing.
Teacher asks to the students for check together with a game, and the game from the teacher to the student. Sometimes the game make someone exspecially the students more understand about the meaning of something. Example : in learning process, game can easily the teacher to give the topic of the lesson. The game come from the creativity’s of the teacher when prepared the material before.
9) Create
Putting elements together to form a coherent or functional whole;
reorganizing elements into a new pattern or structure, involving generating, planning and producing. Many ways from the teacher to give the score of student.
But in this case, teacher uses scoring rubric for the students’
score. Because teacher get two scores, there are individually score and team’s score.
10) Teams are recognized for highest score
From the scoring rubric above, teacher gets students’ score, there are team score and themselves score. And for the winner, it’s for the highest score team. From that, student feels proud of with their team’s occasion. And the learning process more colourfull.
Conlusion and Suggestion
In this chapter, the writer would like to give a conclusion and suggestion from previous chapter discussing about learning speaking by combining TGT (Teams Game Tournament) and Inquiry strategies for students in Learning Speaking.
A. Conclusions
Speaking is a skill that should be learned by students in Learning English, with speaking students can explored their knowledge and they can practice to speak in English in their daily life, especially in classroom.
6 There are many text that can be used in speaking form, but in this paper. This strategy can uses to all of grade’s student like Junior High School, Senior High School or University.
Therefore, to help the students to get habitual and fluency, the teacher has to use good strategy and teacher can combine two strategies to be applied in learning or learning process. In this paper, the writer uses combination strategy in learning speaking. The strategy is TGT (Teams Game Tournaments) and Inquiry strategy to improve the students’ ability in speaking. By using TGT strategy, the student not only focused to study but they also uses game to get their lesson.
So, the teacher more easily to give the lesson to the student and the learning process more attractive and interesting.
Then, by using Inquiry strategy, student can develope their knowledge appropriate with their environment and they can speak word by word, sentence by sentence, etc with their friend or each other using English. As the result, the teacher become easy to give the lesson and the speaking activity can be effective.
B. Suggestions
In this paper, the writer gives suggestions in learning speaking especially for English teacher. The teacher should use an appropriate strategy to increase their student’s interest learning speaking. The writer suggests the teacher to use TGT and Inquiry strategy in learning speaking.
First, the teacher should have an interesting model in learning learning process to make the students and the learning activity more enjoyable, so student get the lesson and it can help the teacher more easily. Teacher must be prepare the material and media to uses the strategy. Second, the teacher should give motivation to the students in learning speaking English. for the future they do not shy or nervous to speak English with their friend or each other. And the last, the writer hopes the
combination strategy of TGT and Inquiry will be improving and increasing students’ ability in speaking.
References
Arno, F. 2005. Psychology of Learning.
Copyright Amdon Consulting.
Hintzman. 2001. The Psychology of Learning and Memory. Higher Education
