Locations of Deforestation

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1 Annex 7. Location of deforestation, institutional arrangement, level of contribution to deforestation and potential influences and Capacitities

Locations of Deforestation

Stakeholders Regulators

and Executors

Level of contributions to

Deforestation

Potential influences and capacities

Land users

Level of contributions

to Deforestation

Potenetial influences

and capacities

NGO / Donor Programs

Potenetial influences and

capacities

Palm Oil - District Plantation Agency - District Environm ental Agency - Provincial

and district agrarian agencies

Weight: 2 Contribution to deforestation is unintentional.

Despite the depedence on plantation sub- sepctor in the GDP, Provincial agencies are paying attention to sustainable planttation mechanism.

Weak technical support and enforcement of the mechanism contributes to the deforestation due to the presence of unsustainable practices.

These stakeholders influence policies on land acquisition, licenses issuance (HGU), and plantation activities at sub- national level (province and district). Their mandate is aligned with the development plan stated in the RPJMD (i.e., target for plantation production). As outlined in the SRAP REDD+ and RAD-GRK, their mandate includes preventing deforestation from risk of fire (sustainable plantation and discouraging non- burning methods).

Plantattion agency may also be mandated to

“educate” smallholder farmers on sustainable plantation mechanism

▪ Plantation companies

▪ Serikat Petani Indonesia (Indonesian Farmers Union)

▪ Orang Rimba Customary Group

▪ Smallholder farmers

Weight 4-5 (Except for Orang Rimba)

Most Plantation companies and small holder planters employ burning methods for preparing the plantation land.

Serikat Petani Indonesia encourage s

encroachm ent on forest and conservati on areas for plantation

Large companies (e.g., Asian Agri) comply with RSPO principles. However, small holder farmers (majority of palm oil plantation operators in Jambi) are not familiar with RSPO or sustainable plantation designs.

- KKI Warsi - Walhi Jambi - Setara

Jambi - Inisiatif

Dagang Hijua (IDH)

Weight 1:

NGOs and donor program are working towards halting deforestation by

introducing / supporting international mechanisms such as RSPO and ISPO.

These stakeholders have experience in advocating small holder farmers, and providing training on sustainable palm oil (e.g., ISPO). Despite the lack of autority in creating policies, they are providing advocacy to policy makers (regulators and executors)

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2

Deforestation

Potential influences and

capacities Land users

capacities

IUPHHK-HTI - Provincial Forestry Agency - Provincial

Environm ental Agency - Forest

Managem ent Unit

Despite the dependence on forestry sub- sector in the GDP, Provincial agencies are paying attention to sustainable forest

management and moratorium.

Weak technical support and resources among FMUs indirectly contributes to the deforestation

These stakeholders are involved in providing recommendation to national government (i.e., Ministry of Environment and Forestry) on IUPHHK- HTI licenses (as well as moratorium)

Their mandate is aligned with the development plan stated in the RPJMD (i.e., target for GDP from forestry sub-sector). As outlined in the SRAP REDD+ and RAD-GRK, their mandate includes implementing sustainable forest management and preventing deforestation from encroachment.

FMUs in Jambi lack the capacity to prevent and reduce encroachment within Production Forest areas

Forestry companies

Weight 3:

All concession holders have established business plans that include sustainability practices. There are cases where forestry companies encourage indigenous communities to conduct illegal logging (E.g., in Tebo District / Bukit 30 NP)

Upon receiving concessin licenses (IUPPHHK- HTI), forestry companies are required to develop annual plan (Rencana Kerja Tahunan – RKT). Most of the forestry companies have the capacity to develop this document.

However, They lack the capacity to prevent and reduce encroachment within their concessions

- KKI Warsi - Walhi

Jambi - CAPPA - Perhimpun

an Hijau

Weight 1:

NGOs work to halt deforestation from

IUPHHK- HTI, and promotes involvement of local communities in community forestry schemes

These stakeholders have the

technical capacity and experince to implement social forestry strategies (HKm, HD, HTR, and HA) in production forest (as well as protected forest).

Additionally, these stakeholders have donor supports to implement the strategy, and link it with carbon markets such as voluntary carbon market (e.g., Plan Vivio in Merangin and Bungo districts), and other REDD+

initiative (e.g., Forest Programme II)

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3

Deforestation

capacities

Transmigratio

n - District

and provincial transmigr ation agencies - District

and Provincial Environm ent Agency - District

and Provincial Public Works and Housing Agencies - District’s

Civil Registry Office (Dukcapil)

Transmigration involves land clearing (up to 2 ha per household) for agriculture practices.

Transmigration is also linked with palm oil plantation (e.g., Tebo and Sarolangun districts).

Influx of migrants for

encroachments in Merangin occurs beyond the desginated transmigration areas, and needs to be regulated through the Civil’s registry office

These stakeholder have mandate to ensure that the transmigration process as mandated in

Regulation of Ministry of Village, underdeveloped region and Transmigration No. 20/2016 regarding delegation and

assignments of ministrial scope to the provincial government.

Preparation of transmigration area is done by proper feasibility study and environmental impact assessment.

No capacity for reducing/halting

deforestation is observed in this stakeholder group

Mining - Provincial Energy and Mineral

Weight 1:

These agencies regulate mining activities and enforce

These stakeholders have the capacity to influence the policy, as well as providing recommendation on issuance of mining

▪ Mining companies

▪ Artisanal miners

Weight: 4-5 Major

contributors to the

deforestation

Activities done by these stakeholders are almost always

Jambi

Weight 1:

NGOs work to halt deforestation from mining

These

organisations are capable of conducting campaign and

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4

Deforestation

capacities

Resources Agency - Provincial

and District Environm ental Agency - Governor’

s office

environmental safeguards (e.g., AMDAL) for mining sectors

licenses. Environmental agency is in charge for reviewing and monitoring the environmental impacts due ot mining activities.

Halting and preventing deforestation are not explicitly mandated.

These stakeholders are involved (authorised) to hold the issuance of (and revoke) mining licenses

from mining sectors. All mining acitivities in Jambi (e.g., Sarolangun, Tebo, Muaro Jambi districts) involve land conversion in APL/ other use area). Artisanal mining

contributes to deforestation (e.g., Muara Bungo and Merangin districts) in forest and conservation areas

associated with deforestation and

environmental degradation (land clearing and mining effluent).. There is a lack of capacity for preventing and halting deforestation and

degradation

sector through advocacy, campaigns, and community empowerme nt

advocacy for reducing

deforestation and degradation from minng industry and artisanal mining (Merangin and Bungo districts)

APL - District

and provincial plantation agencies - District

and provincial Agricultur e and

Despite the efforts for ensuring energy and food independence, Jambi Province is

These stakeholders focus mainly on community welfare (according to the targets laid out in the Medium term Development Plan – RPJMD). Potential support towards reducing deforestation and degradation may be

▪ Private companies (plantation and mining)

Weight 4-5 Most companies and small holder planters employ burning methods for preparing the plantation land.

Serikat Petani Indonesia

Private companies operating in the APL have obtained HGU (plantation).

Some companies (e.g., Asian Agri) comply

Jambi - Mitra Aksi - Gita Buana - JMGJ - Walestra

Weight 1:

NGOs work to halt deforestation in APL through advocacy, campaigns, and community

These

organisations are capable of conducting campaign and advocacy for reducing

deforestation and degradation in APL (advocacy

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5

Deforestation

capacities

Horticultu re Agencies - District

and Provincial Public Works and Housing Agencies - District

and Provincial Environm ent Agencies - Provincial

and district agrarian agencies - Village

governme nts

paying attention to sustainable plantation and agriculture. Weak technical capacity and enforcement of the mechanism contributes to the deforestation due to the presence of unsustainable practices.

gained from application of sustainable agriculture.

These stakeholders are involved and are authorised in creating policies to encourage sustainable agriculture and plantation.

Sustainable agriculture has been introduced in Jambi Province, However, stakeholders at village and sub-district level may be lacking capacities for implementing sustainable agriculture and plantation.

encourages encroachment on forest and conservation areas for plantation

with RSPO principles.

Indonesian farmers union supports agrarian reform, and has the capacity to bring in migrant farmers to Jambi province

empowerme nt

through village governments)

Production forest

- Provincial Forestry Agency - Forest

Managem ent Units

Despite the dependence on

These stakeholders are involved in providing recommendation to national government (i.e., Ministry of Environment and Forestry) on IUPHHK-

▪ Forestry companies

▪ Social forestry groups

Weight 4:

All concession holders have established business plans that include

Upon receiving concessin licenses, forestry companies are required to

Jambi - Amphal

Weight 1:

NGOs work to halt

deforstation in production forest through advocacy,

technical capacity and experience to implement social

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6

Deforestation

capacities

- Productio n Forest Managem ent Authority (BPHP) – Jambi

forestry sub- sector in the GDP, Provincial agencies are paying attention to sustainable forest

management and moratorium.

Weak technical support and resources among FMUs indirectly contributes to the deforestation

HTI licenses (as well as moratorium)

Their mandate is aligned with the development plan stated in the RPJMD (i.e., target for GDP from forestry sub-sector). As outlined in the SRAP REDD+ and RAD-GRK, their mandate includes implementing sustainable forest management and preventing deforestation from encroachment.

BPHP validates production forest boundaries

▪ Coffee farmers

▪ (Frankfurt Zoological Society) FZS Indonesia Program

sustainability practices. There are cases where forestry companies encourage indigenous communities to conduct illegal logging (E.g., in Tebo District / Bukit 30 NP) Coffee farmers / migrants enter Merangin District to establish coffee plantation in production forest (FMU Merangin) FZS is conducting orangutan and elephant conservation programs in Tebo District

develop annual plan (Rencana Kerja Tahunan – RKT). Most of the forestry companies have the capacity to develop this document.

However, They lack the capacity to prevent and reduce encroachment within their concessions FZS has the capacity on conservation of biodiversity (elephant monitoring and orangutan re- introduction) in Tebo District.

- Forest Programme II (KfW)

campaigns, and social foresty (including Voluntary Carbon Standard – VCS)

forestry strategies (HKm, HD, HTR, and HA) in production forest (as well as protected forest).

Additionally, these stakeholders have donor supports to implement the strategy, and link it with carbon markets such as voluntary carbon market (e.g., Plan Vivio in Merangin and Bungo districts), and other REDD+

initiative (e.g., Forest Programme II)

National Park - MoEF (Directora te General

Weight: 2 Contribution to deforestation is

Mandate and the

resources available within these stakeholders are

▪ Coffee farmers

Weight 4-5 Indonesian farmers union supports

Jambi

Weight 1:

NGOs work to halt

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7

Deforestation

capacities

of Conservat ion of Natural Resource and Ecosyste m) - Kerinci

Seblat NP - Berbak-

Sembilang NP - Bukit

Tigapuluh NP - Bukit

Duabelas NP

unintentional.

Despite the mandate for preserving biodiversity, weak technical support and resources among NPs indirectly contributes to the deforestation

focused on conserving biodiversity, and maintaining forest ecosystem. These stakeholders employ forest rangers, ecosystem technician, and facilitators that enable them to protect the forest, conduct studies, as well as work with local people. There is a lack of resources (numbers of forest rangers) available to effectively protect the forest from encroachment (driver of deforestation)

▪ Serampas Customary Group (Kerinci Seblat NP)

▪ Talang Mamak Customary Group (Bukit Tigapuluh NP)

▪ Nature tourists (public)

▪ Hydropower plants

▪ Geothermal companies

▪ Academics/re searchers

▪ Orang Rimba customary group (Bukit Duabelas NP)

(Except for customary groups) Many farmers (migrant) encroach Kerinci Seblat National Park fro coffee plantation.

Serikat Petani Indonesia encourages encroachment on forest and conservation areas for plantation.

There are customary claims within the national parks, but these have not resulted in deforestation

agrarian reform, and has the capacity to bring in migrant farmers to Jambi province to start coffee plantation in the conservatioin area

(encorachment in merangin District / Kerinci Seblat NP).

Geothermal companies (Pertamina and Supreme Energy) has the capacity to conduct exploratory operations in the national park. These companies have

collaborations with the national park to conduct

- Lahar - Gita Buana - Walestra - Pundi

Sumatera - WWF

Indonesia - ZSL

Indonesia Program - FZS - FFI

Indonesia - Forest

Programme II (KfW)

deforestation in

conservation areas through advocacy, campaigns, rehabilitation (ecosystem recovery), and social foresty

technical capacity and experience to support

biodiversity conservatioin (elephant and tiger

conservation), as well as to gather support from donor / funding support. These stakeholders have experience with other REDD+

initiatives

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8

Deforestation

capacities

ecosystem restoration.

Protected forest/peatla nd

- Dinas Kehutana n Provinsi - Forest

Managem ent Unit - Watershe

d &

Protected Forest Authority (BPDASHL ) - Peatland

Restoratio n Agency (Badan Restorasi Gambut)

Weight: 1 Contribution to deforestation is not observed.

Mandate for forest management includes mandate for preventing deforestation and forest fire

Mandate and the

resources available within these stakeholders are focused on conserving peatland ecosystem.

These stakeholders aim to protect and rehabilitate forest and peatland ecosystem in Jambi. Their goal is to protect the forest from encroachment and fire (driver of

deforestation)

▪ Coffee farmers (Liberica)

▪ Private companies (forest concessions)

Weight 4-5 Most companies and small holder coffee farmers employ non-sustainabel methods for preparing the plantation land.

Upon receiving concessin licenses, forestry companies are required to develop annual plan (Rencana Kerja Tahunan – RKT). Most of the forestry companies have the capacity to develop this document.

However, They lack the capacity to prevent and reduce encroachment within their concessions

- KKI Warsi - JMGJ - Gita Buana - Walestra - Forest

Programme II (KfW)

Weight 1:

NGOs work to halt deforestation in protected forest/peatla nd areas through advocacy, campaigns, rehabilitation (ecosystem recovery), and social foresty

technical capacity and experience in implementing conservation program in protected forest/peatland.

Additionally, these stakeholders have donor supports to implement the strategy. These stakeholders are also familiar with other REDD+

initiative

Grand Forest Park

- Dinas Kehutana n Provinsi - Provincial

Agency

Mandate for

Mandate and the

resources available within these stakeholders are focused on conserving Grand Forest Park

Nature Tourists (public)

Weight 2:

No significant contribution to the deforestation by visitors.

General public has some degree of awareness on the importance of forest

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9

Deforestation

capacities

for Grand Forest Park

forest management includes mandate for preventing deforestation and forest fire

(Taman Hutan Raya – TAHURA). These stakeholders aim to protect and rehabilitate part of forest and peatland ecosystem in Jambi (e.g., Tahura Bukit Raya, and Orangkayo Hitam). Their goal is to protect the forest from encroachment and fire (driver of

deforestation)

However Grand Forest Park Orang Kayo Hitam suffered from fire (human activities) and lost 80% of its forest

ecosystem. Most do not have capacity to halt and/or prevent deforestation and degradation.

However, actions of responsible nature tourists may influece the behaviour of general public.

Nature Reserves

- MoEF (DG Conservat ion of Natural Resources and Ecosystem )

- Conservat ion of Natural Resource Agency (BKSDA – Jambi)

Mandate for forest management includes mandate for preventing deforestation and forest fire in nature reserves

Mandate and the resources available within these stakeholders are focused on conserving biodiversity, and maintaining forest

ecosystem. These

stakeholders employ forest rangers, ecosystem technician, and facilitators that enable them to protect the forest, conduct studies, as well as work with local people. There is a lack of resources (numbers of forest rangers) available to effectively protect the forest from encroachment (driver of deforestation)

Academics / researchers

Weight 1:

No significant contribution to the deforestation by Academic communities and researchers

Academics and researchers have high degree of awareness on the importance of forest ecosystem. They have the capacity to explore new methods for halting and/or preventing deforestation and degradation.

Results from the researches and studies may be used to improve forest

management and reduce the

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10

Deforestation

capacities rate of

deforestation