COMPARATIVE DEGREE &
SUPERLATIVE DEGREE
Supporting Lecturer: Imelda Sabrina Sibarani, S.Pd., M.Hum.
Group: 8
1. Paulus Sitinjak 190101045
2. Christian Stevani Sihaloho 2101010198
3. Siska A. Hutasoit 2101010206
4. Astri Octavianti 2101010207
5. Agustina Olopatris Saragih 2101010245 6. Reni Tio Fransiska Samosir 2101010260
Elementary School Education Program Faculty of Teacher Training and
Education
ABSTRAC
The title of this paper is “Comparative and Superlative Comparison of Adjectives in English (An Analysis of Contrastive Linguistics)”. This paper contained of problems about the degree of comparison of adjectives in English as the most popular foreign language used in Indonesia and Indonesian Language itself. Problems analyzed in this paper is the morphological process of the adjectives which shows the degree of comparative and superlative in English and Indonesian language. It is also discussed the difference of the morphological process in degree of comparison of adjectives: comparative and superlative in English and Indonesian language.
The result shows that in English, the morphological process used to build the comparative and superlative adjective is defined by the number of the syllables and the last sound of the words in the words contained by two syllables. In Indonesian language, the comparative and superlative adjective is defined by the adverbial phrase followed by the adjectives.
Key Words: Comparative, Superlative, Adjective, Syllable, Adverbial Phrase
I. INTRODUCTION
Comparative degree is used to compare two objects in one sentence. The objects being compared usually have different qualities or characteristics, where one of the objects has more quality than the other objects.
With comparative comparison you can show which object is bigger or smaller, smarter, prettier, uglier, faster, stronger, shorter and many more!
II. METHOD 2.1 Data
This data is taken from articles written in Blog, Database academy English, Databese Academia in a free online database so that everyone can continue to see updated Information.
2.2 Analysis
2.2.1 Comparative Degree
Comparative degree is used to compare two objects in one sentence. The objects being compared usually have different qualities or characteristics, where one of the objects has more quality than the other objects.
With comparative comparison you can show which object is bigger or smaller, smarter, prettier, uglier, faster, stronger, shorter and many more!
Formula;
• Subject + to be + adjective + -er + than + object
• Subject + to be + more + adjective + than + object
Comparative degrees are formed by adding -er, 'more', or less to adjectives, then followed by 'than: Here are the rules for adding -er, more, and less to comparative degrees.
1. If the adjective only consists of one syllable, then add the ending -er Example:
High → Higher
Low → Lower
Clean → Cleaner
Tall → Taller
Small → Smaller
2. If an adjective consists of two syllables, but ends in -y, replace -y with -i and then add -er Example:
Busy → Busier
Happy → Happier
Ugly → Uglier
Pretty → Prettier
Noisy → Noisier
3. If the adjective consists of two syllables or more, then add more in front of it Example:
Beautiful → More beautiful
Comfortable → More comfortable
Perfect → More perfect
Glamorous → More glamorous
Careful → More careful
Examples of using comparative degree in sentences;
Learning English is easier than math.
(Belajar bahasa inggris lebih mudah daripada matematika)
My tree will be taller than this house.
(Pohonku akan jadi lebih tinggi daripada rumah ini.)
I ran faster than you did (Saya berlari lebih cepat dari kamu.)
I know you better than he does.
(Aku mengenalmu lebih baik daripada dia)
She is smarter than her sister
(Dia lebih pintar dari saddara perempuannya.)
That boy is more diligent than anybody else.
(Anak laki-laki itu lebih rajin daripada orang lain)
Petrol is becoming more expensive.
(Bensin semakin mahal.)
You are more polite than Andy.
(Kamu lebih sopan dari Andy.)
So, in English comparative comparison rate can be expressed in two forms, viz adding the word more before adjective or affixation process with adding the -er suffix.
.
2.2.2 Superlative Degree
Superlative adjectives are a form adjectives take when comparing three or more things, such as
“the tallest student in class” or “the most popular game” and orthers. Generally, superlatives are used to show something is in the top of its category, with no others having more of that adjective’s trait.
You can make any adjective into a superlative. For short adjectives, simply add the suffix –est at the end of the word. For long adjectives, add the adverb most before the word.
Just be careful of an adjective’s meaning because some words can’t be compared; for example, something cannot be the most unique because all unique things are equally unique.
Formula ;
Subject + tobe + the adjective + est Subject + tobe + the most adjective
5 spelling rules for forming superlative adjectives;
One-syllable adjectives
If an adjective has only one syllable, most of the time you can simply add the suffix –est to the end of the word without changing the spelling.
cool -> coolest small -> smallest
Be careful with one-syllable adjectives that end in –e or a consonant-vowel-consonant. They have slightly different spelling requirements.
One-syllable adjectives ending in –e
You don’t need to add another e if a one-syllable adjective already ends in -e. Just add –st to the end.
cute -> cutest free -> freest
One-syllable adjectives ending in consonant-vowel-consonant
If the last three letters of a one-syllable adjective follow a consonant-vowel-consonant format, like big or thin, you have to double the last consonant and then add –est.
thin -> thinnest
One- or two-syllable adjectives ending in –y
Adjectives with either one or two syllables have special spelling rules if they end in -y. To make the superlative, first change the y into an i and then add –est.
dry -> driest likely -> likeliest
Two-syllable adjectives ending in –er, –ow, or –le
Two-syllable adjectives that end in -er, -ow, or -le don’t use the adverb most like other long superlative adjectives. Instead, if an adjective with two syllables ends in –er (like bitter) or – ow (like narrow), add –est at the end without changing the spelling (bitterest or narrowest).
Two-syllable adjectives that end in –le just take –st; you don’t need a second e.
clever -> cleverest shallow -> shallowest simple -> simplest
Example superlative in sentense ;
This room is the coolest one at my home.
(Ruangan ini adalah salah satu ruangan yang paling dingin dirumahku)
This ruler is the longest one In my bag
(penggaris ini salah satu yang paling panjang di tas saya)
I have never seen you before, are you the eldest son of Mr. Lee?
(Aku tidak pernah melihatmu sebelumnya, apakah kamu anak yang paling tua dari Pak Lee?)
I think that Mark is the most discipline student in our class (Aku rasa Miranda adalah siswa yang paling disiplin di kelas kita)
You have to take the most accurate choice for this problem
(Kamu harus mengambil pilihan yang paling akurat untuk masalah ini ‘)
I am still shock after knowing that the most dangerous when we passed the Emen bridge
(Aku masih syok setelah mengetahui bahwa yang paling berbahaya ketika kita melewati jembatan Emen)
III. CONCLUSION
The definition of comparative and superlative degree is vocabulary or words that are used to compare one thing with another, be it animate or inanimate objects. It can be said that comparative and superlative degrees are adjectives that are often used to compare one thing with another by expressing the original properties of the thing itself.
Comparative and superlative are sentence forms used to compare things. These two tenses have specific differences. Generally comparative is used to compare between two things. While the superlative compares one object from many objects.
IV. REFFERENCE
https://www-albert-io.translate.goog/blog/comparatives-and-superlatives/?
_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=id&_x_tr_pto=tc
https://englishvit.com/artikel/comparative-dan-superlative-degree-di-kalimat-bahasa-inggris- 4678#:~:text=Perbandingan%20superlative%20digunakan%20untuk%20mendeskripsikan,'the
%20most'%20sebelum%20adjective.
https://www.detik.com/edu/detikpedia/d-5845135/comparative-degree-pengertian-fungsi-pola- dan-contoh-kalimatnya#:~:text=Pola%20dan%20Contoh%20Kalimat%20Comparative
%20Degree%3A&text=Dalam%20membandingkan%20dua%20hal%2C%20tidak,sifatnya
%20ditambahkan%20dengan%20%22est%22.
https://www.studybahasainggris.com/pengertian-fungsi-rumus-superlative-degree-beserta- contoh/
https://www.grammarly.com/blog/superlative-adjectives/
https://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-contoh-kalimat-superlative-degreeV
