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Table1. Demographics and Clinical Characteristics of Subjects with myopic NTG and control group
SE=spherical equivalent; MD=mean deviation; PSD=pattern standard deviation; ONH=optic nerve head;
DPE=deepest point of the eye.
Data are mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise indicated. Factors with statistical significance are shown in bold.
*Student’s t test.
†Chi-square test
Variables Non-
Glaucomatous Glaucomatous
myopia
PPatients (no.) 90 113
Age (yrs) 42.97 ± 12.74 45.59 ± 11.34 0.125
Sex (male/female) 39/51 35/78 0.421†
SE refractive error (diopters) -4.26 ± 3.13 -4.90 ± 3.56 0.182
Axial length (mm) 26.30 ± 1.25 26.63 ± 1.30 0.103
Anterior chamber depth (mm) 3.23 ± 0.63 3.10 ± 0.73 0.152 Central corneal thickness (μm) 535.07 ± 48.64 524.98 ± 47.88 0.142 Visual field MD (dB) -1.49 ± 1.75 -6.20 ± 5.28 <0.001 Visual field PSD (dB) 1.88 ± 0.91 6.65 ± 4.39 <0.001 RNFL thickness (μm)
Average 94.31 ± 12.97 74.67 ± 12.99 <0.001
Center 90.48 ± 16.78 76.31 ± 18.93 <0.001
Superotemporal 129.68 ± 25.88 101.02 ± 31.59 <0.001
Superonasal 97.29 ± 30.84 86.66 ± 26.12 0.009
Inferotemporal 142.33 ± 25.83 75.61 ± 35.70 <0.001
Inferonasal 103.43 ± 25.05 80.48 ± 23.49 <0.001
Nasal 63.31 ± 17.07 58.42 ± 16.92 0.042
ONH characteristics
Disc torsion (°) 14.73 ± 25.22 9.17 ± 29.10 0.138
Horizontal tilt (°) 12.21 ± 7.97 17.13 ± 7.96 <0.001
Vertical tilt (°) 5.54 ± 9.25 8.83 ± 11.71 0.031
Disc-foveal angle (°) 7.29 ± 3.25 7.54 ± 4.10 0.629 Posterior sclera characteristics
Disc-DPE distance (mm) 4.12 ± 1.02 4.48 ± 0.83 0.006
Disc-DPE depth (mm) 0.16 ± 0.15 0.20 ± 0.16 0.037
Disc-DPE angle (°) 23.57 ± 24.08 18.66 ± 19.20 0.106 Posterior sclera-ONH Alignment
Misalignment, no. (%) 20 (22.22) 60 (53.09) <0.001†
Misaligned angle (°) 2.10 ± 17.31 5.37 ± 25.28 0.298
Absolute misaligned angle (°) 9.63 ± 13.38 19.46 ± 16.39 <0.001
Table 2. Statistical Distribution of Non-Glaucomatous Myopia and Glaucomatous Myopia
Variables Non-Glaucomatous Myopia Glaucomatous Myopia
Range IQR SD Range IQR SD
ONH characteristics
Disc torsion (°) -30.00-92.00 24.25 25.218 -80.00-90.00 32.00 29.103
Horizontal tilt (°) 0.00-35.00 12.00 7.966 0.00-35.00 9.00 7.963
Vertical tilt (°) 0.00-45.00 8.00 9.249 0.00-45.00 15.00 11.714
Disc-foveal angle (°) 0.00-20.20 4.20 3.277 -1.00-14.40 5.50 3.744
Posterior sclera characteristics
Disc-DPE distance (mm) 1.54-6.71 1.32 1.023 2.52-6.35 1.07 0.831
Disc-DPE depth (mm) -0.11-0.69 0.20 0.151 -0.17-0.77 0.21 0.161
Disc-DPE angle (°) -42.90-92.60 26.85 24.076 -33.80-73.20 19.10 19.198
IQR=interquartile range; SD=standard deviation; ONH=optic nerve head; DPE=deepest point of the eye
Table 3. Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves of Glaucoma Diagnosis
ONH=optic nerve head; DPE=deepest point of the eye; AUROC=area under the receiver operating characteristic curve
Factors with statistical significance are shown in bold.
Variables AUROC P Value†
ONH characteristics
Disc torsion (°) 0.437 (0.358-0.517) 0.124
Horizontal tilt (°) 0.682 (0.607-0.756) <0.001
Vertical tilt (°) 0.590 (0.511-0.668) 0.028
Disc-foveal angle (°) 0.512 (0.432-0.593) 0.760
Posterior sclera characteristics
Disc-DPE distance (mm) 0.602 (0.524-0.680) 0.012
Disc-DPE depth (mm) 0.606 (0.528-0.684) 0.009
Disc-DPE angle (°) 0.434 (0.354-0.513) 0.104
Posterior pole-ONH Alignment
Misaligned angle (°) 0.536 (0.455-0.617) 0.381
Absolute misaligned angle (°) 0.696 (0.616-0.761) <0.001 Comparison of AUROC
Absolute misaligned angle vs. Disc torsion 0.046
Absolute misaligned angle vs. Misaligned angle 0.017 Absolute misaligned angle vs. Disc-DPE angle 0.007
Horizontal tilt vs. Vertical tilt 0.048
Horizontal tilt vs. Disc-DPE distance 0.161
Horizontal tilt vs. Disc-DPE depth 0.178
Misaligned absolute angle vs. Horizontal tilt 0.670
Table 4. Factors Associated with Glaucomatous Myopia.
Variables Univariate Analyses Multiple Regression Analyses
OR (95% CI) P Values OR (95% CI) VIF P Values
Absolute misalignment angle (°) 1.037 (1.016-1.058) <0.001 1.045 (1.023-1.068) 1.000 <0.001
Disc-DPE distance, per 1 mm larger 1.518 (1.117-2.062) 0.245 1.094
Disc-DPE depth, per 1 mm larger 6.598 (1.095-39.778) 0.040 1.036
Disc-DPE angle, per 1° larger 0.989 (0.976-1.002) 0.108 1.010
Disc Torsion, per 1° larger 0.992 (0.982-1.003 0.141 1.018
Horizontal tilt, per 1° larger 1.080 (1.040-1.121) <0.001 1.061 (1.015-1.109) 1.000 0.009
Vertical tilt, per 1° larger 1.030 (1.002-1.058) 0.034 1.230
OR=odds ratio; CI=confidence interval; DPE=deepest point of the eyeball; VIF=variance inflation factor.
Variables with a value of p<0.10 by univariate analysis was included for multivariate analysis. Factors with statistical significance are shown in bold.
Table 5. Comparison of Eyes with Superotmeporal RNFL defect and Inferotemporal eyes According to the Direction of Misalignment Angle
Variables Superotemporal
RNFL Defect Inferotemporal
RNFL Defect P Values*
Patient (no.) 27 57
Age (yrs) 46.64 ± 14.53 45.55 ± 11.62 0.765
Axial length (mm) 25.96 ± 1.44 26.58 ± 1.25 0.114
Anterior chamber depth (mm) 3.01 ± 0.59 3.16 ± 0.72 0.492
Central corneal thickness (μm) 527.21 ± 48.62 523.53 ± 51.46 0.810
Visual field MD (dB) -3.48 ± 3.81 -5.28 ± 3.82 0.119
Visual field PSD (dB) 4.73 ± 2.53 6.24 ± 4.42 0.225
Average RNFL thickness (µm) 83.00 ± 10.14 78.08 ± 10.31 0.113 ONH characteristics
Horizontal tilt (°) 16.64 ± 8.97 16.39 ± 8.47 0.923
Vertical tilt (°) 6.28 ± 9.28 10.25 ± 12.45 0.267
Disc torsion (°) -0.85 ± 16.71 12.44 ± 32.27 0.037
Disc-foveal angle (°) 7.21 ± 3.72 7.76 ± 4.36 0.631
Posterior sclera characteristics
Disc-DPE distance (mm) 4.03 ± 0.78 4.58 ± 0.83 0.030
Disc-DPE depth (mm) 0.08 ± 0.12 0.23 ± 0.17 0.001
Disc-DPE angle (°) 14.86 ± 23.81 20.00 ± 20.25 0.466
Posterior sclera-ONH Alignment
Absolute misalignment angle (°) 23.24 ± 14.28 19.36 ± 18.11 0.458
Misalignment angle (°) 13.21 ± 24.45 2.98 ± 26.46 0.192
Superior misalignment, no. (%) 22 (81.48) 22 (38.60) 0.009†
Inferior misalignment, no. (%) 5 (18.52) 35 (61.40) 0.009†
MD=mean deviation; PSD=pattern standard deviation; ONH=optic nerve head; DPE=deepest point of the eye.
Data are mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise indicated. Factors with statistical significance are shown in bold.
*Student’s t test.
†Chi-square test.
