Membrane Technology

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9/9/2019 Membrane Technology

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Membrane Technology

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H Index Subject Area and

Category Agricultural and Biological Sciences Food Science

Chemistry

Chemistry (miscellaneous) Energy

Energy Engineering and Power Technology Engineering

Electrical and Electronic Engineering Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Environmental Science

Environmental Science (miscellaneous) Materials Science

Materials Science (miscellaneous) Publisher Elsevier BV

Publication type Journals ISSN 09582118 Coverage 1991-ongoing

Scope Membrane Technology brings you everything you need to keep up-to-date with what is happening in the international membrane industry, highlighting emerging markets,

summarising important industry news and identifying new business opportunities for your company. Each issue includes: • Technology news - all the latest developments including processes projects, contracts, systems, new products, testing facilities, etc. • Business news - key information on your competitors movements in the market • Feature articles - experts share the secrets of their own success • Patents - the latest new patents from around the world • Research trends - highlights of recently published research work

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Quartiles

The set of journals have been ranked according to their SJR and divided into four equal groups, four quartiles. Q1 (green) comprises the quarter of the journals with the highest values, Q2 (yellow) the second highest values, Q3 (orange) the third highest values and Q4 (red) the lowest values.

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Category Year Quartile

Category Year Quartile

Chemistry (miscellaneous) 1999 Q4

Ch i t ( i ll ) 2002 Q3

SJR

The SJR is a size-independent prestige indicator that ranks journals by their 'average prestige per article'. It is based on the idea that 'all citations are not created equal'. SJR is a measure of scienti c in uence of journals that accounts for both the number of citations received by a journal and the importance or prestige of the journals where such citations come from It measures the scienti c in uence of the average article in a journal it expresses how central to the global

Citations per document

This indicator counts the number of citations received by documents from a journal and divides them by the total number of documents published in that journal. The chart shows the evolution of the average number of times documents published in a journal in the past two, three and four years have been cited in the current year.

The two years line is equivalent to journal impact factor

™ (Thomson Reuters) metric.

Cites per document Year Value Cites / Doc. (4 years) 1999 0.028 Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2000 0.107 Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2001 0.123 Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2002 0.233 Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2003 0.256 Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2004 0.207 Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2005 0.287 Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2006 0.148 Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2007 0.096 Cites / Doc. (4 years) 2008 0.175 Total Cites Self-Cites

Evolution of the total number of citations and journal's self-citations received by a journal's published documents during the three previous years.

Journal Self-citation is de ned as the number of citation from a journal citing article to articles published by the same journal.

Cites Year Value

S lf Cit 1999 1

External Cites per Doc Cites per Doc Evolution of the number of total citation per document and external citation per document (i.e. journal self- citations removed) received by a journal's published documents during the three previous years. External citations are calculated by subtracting the number of self-citations from the total number of citations received by the journal’s documents.

Cit Y V l

% International Collaboration

International Collaboration accounts for the articles that have been produced by researchers from several countries. The chart shows the ratio of a journal's documents signed by researchers from more than one country; that is including more than one country address.

Year International Collaboration 1999 5.00

Citable documents Non-citable documents Not every article in a journal is considered primary research and therefore "citable", this chart shows the ratio of a journal's articles including substantial research (research articles, conference papers and reviews) in three year windows vs. those documents other than research articles, reviews and conference papers.

Documents Year Value

N it bl d t 1999 6

Cited documents Uncited documents Ratio of a journal's items, grouped in three years windows, that have been cited at least once vs. those not cited during the following year.

Documents Year Value

Uncited documents 1999 41 Uncited documents 2000 44 Uncited documents 2001 52 Uncited documents 2002 57

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Chemistry (miscellaneous) Electrical and Electronic Engineering Energy Engineering and Power Technology Environmental Science (miscellaneous)

1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 0.1

0.2 0.3

Cites / Doc. (4 years) Cites / Doc. (3 years) Cites / Doc. (2 years)

1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 0

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 0

25 50

1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 0

2 4

1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 0

20 40

1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 0

200 400

1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 0

200 400

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9/9/2019 Aims & scope - Membrane Technology | ScienceDirect.com

https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/membrane-technology/about/aims-and-scope 1/2

Membrane Technology

Latest issue All issues

Journal info

Aims and scope Editorial board

Membrane Technology brings you everything you need to keep up-to-date with what is happening in the international membrane industry, highlighting emerging markets, summarising important industry news and identifying new business opportunities for your company.

Each issue includes:

• Technology news - all the latest developments including processes projects, contracts, systems, new products, testing facilities, etc.

• Business news - key information on your competitors' movements in the market

• Feature articles - experts share the secrets of their own success

• Patents - the latest new patents from around the world

• Research trends - highlights of recently published research work

• Events' calendar - comprehensive listing of all the international conferences and exhibitions

Membrane Technology covers the following areas: chemicals, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, food and beverage, Brewing and wine, drinking water treatment, desalination, sewage treatment, oil and gas, mineral extraction, power generation, pulp and paper, and electronics.

ISSN: 0958-2118

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9/9/2019 Aims & scope - Membrane Technology | ScienceDirect.com

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trademark of Elsevier B.V.

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June 2020 Membrane Technology 7

FEATURE

In this study interlayer-free pectin template silica membranes were successfully fabricated using the sol-gel method, and dip-coating and calcination processes, with tetraethyl ortho- silicate (TEOS) as the precursor. These membranes were carbonised using pectin templated into silica matrices and calcined in air using the rapid thermal processing (RTP) technique at temperatures of 300°C and 400°C.

This research aims to improve the mechanical stability of silica-based membranes by tem- plating carbon groups extracted from pectin (0 wt%; 0.1 wt%; 0.5 wt% and 2.5 wt%) into silica matrices. The resulting membranes were then employed in experiments that involved the desalination of artificial brackish water (0.3 wt% NaCl) using pervaporation.

The results show that the water flux of pure silica membranes, calcined at 300°C and 400°C, is low (1.11 kgm^-2 h^-1 and 1.27 kg m^-2 h^-1). In addition, 0.5 wt% pectin template membranes have the highest water flux (9.92 kg m^-2 h^-1 and 13.21 kg m^-2 h^-1) amongst other pectin concen- trations (0.1 wt% and 2.5 wt%) for membranes calcined at 300°C and 400°C, respectively.

However, the water flux drops sharply (49%) when the concentration of pectin template is increased (2.5 wt%). It can be concluded that the concentration of 0.5 wt% pectin templated into silica membranes is more robust compared with a concentration of pectin template of 0.1 wt% and 2.5 wt%.

Global water crisis

The global water crisis is an issue that needs to be resolved urgently. The increasing demand for water continues to deplete fresh water resources.

The desalination of brackish water is one potential way of expanding conventional water supplies to mitigate water shortages. However, membrane technologies such as reverse osmosis (RO) are not environment-friendly. RO, for example, produces a concentrate, or brine, during the desalination of water.^[1]

Pervaporation is an alternative desalination technology. Compared with RO, it promises to produce fresh water whilst consuming less energy.^[1–3] This process can operate at high temperatures and offers a high water flux.^{[4, 5]}

An inorganic membrane, based on silica, has attracted researchers’ attention because of the advantages it offers. It is capable of serving as a good molecular sieve, and is stable and robust compared with zeolite and organic membranes.^[6–8]

Silica membrane

A silica membrane is produced using the sol–

gel method.^[9] The sol–gel process forms the siloxane group (Si–O–Si) and silanol group (Si–OH) which play a critical role in the production of the silica matrix.^[10]

However, the silanol number may affect the hydro-stability of the silica matrix, causing it to

collapse when it is brought into contact water molecules.^[11]

Researchers Duke et al.^[12] have reported studies that aim to increase the hydro-stability of silica membranes. This has been achieved by carbon templated into silica matrix, which causes the silica matrix to become more stable in water.

In addition, the carbon material is capable of building a more robust silica matrix by con- necting the carbon chains in silica matrices.

This results in an increase in the performance of the membrane.^[13]

Pectin

Pectin is a complex polysaccharide compound containing sugar neutral chains that have carbon content.^[14]

Using pectin as carbon source has many advantages. For instance, it is relatively inex- pensive, and easy to obtain as it is available from fruit peel or the waste industries.^[15]

The content of pectin in apple pomace ranges from 3.5 wt% to14.3 wt%, and serves as means of creating a material with a high active surface area and pore distribution.^{[16, 17]} Therefore, pectin has great potential as carbon material for use in the fabrication of silica membranes.

In practical terms, membranes are coated on a microporous alumina substrate using a process with a slow calcination rate called conventional thermal processing (CTP).^[18] However, during fabrication it requires a longer processing period because of the longer ramping rate and dwelling time.

In order to reduce costs and production time, membranes have been fabricated without an interlayer Elma et al.^[19] These are referred to as interlayer-free membranes.

Materials can be directly calcined by using RTP, which is faster than fabrication methods that use CTP. The RTP technique does not

Performance of interlayer-free pectin template silica

membranes for brackish water desalination

Aulia Rahma, Muthia Elma, Amalia E. Pratiwi and Erdina L.A. Rampun,

Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty – and Materials and

Membranes Research Group (M

²

ReG) – University of Lambung Mangkurat,

Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia; Mahmud, Environmental Engineering

Department, University of Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan,

Indonesia; and Rahmi Fauzia, Psychology Study Program, Medical Faculty,

Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia

This article provides details of a study that fabricated interlayer-free pectin tem-

plate silica membranes and then employed them in a series of experiments for the

desalination of brackish water using pervaporation. The main objective of this

research is to investigate the performance of the membranes in the desalination

application and to look at ways of improving their mechanical stability.

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5 %

SIMILARITY INDEX

3 %

INTERNET SOURCES

4 %

PUBLICATIONS

3 %

STUDENT PAPERS

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10.1016_S0958-21182030108-7_2.pdf

ORIGINALITY REPORT

MATCH ALL SOURCES (ONLY SELECTED SOURCE PRINTED)

2%

Swellam W. Sharshir, Almoataz M. Algazzar, K.A.

Elmaadawy, A.W. Kandeal, M.R. Elkadeem, T.

Arunkumar, Jianfeng Zang, Nuo Yang. "New hydrogel materials for improving solar water evaporation,

desalination and wastewater treatment: A review", Desalination, 2020

Publication

Membrane Technology

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Membrane Technology

Each issue includes:

• Research trends - highlights of recently published research work

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Global water crisis

Silica membrane

Pectin

Performance of interlayer-free pectin template silica

Department, University of Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan,

desalination of brackish water using pervaporation. The main objective of this

ORIGINALITY REPORT

Swellam W. Sharshir, Almoataz M. Algazzar, K.A.