Oops that the bat, as an emblem of the repulsive, is kept in letters and the arts. Auditory bullae (viz. the circular appendage of the external meatus) very large.. men magnum large, sul>oval, somewhat depressed. The first and second teeth have two Y-shaped notches on the articulating surface of the crown—the anterior border .. of each cusp is more prominent than the posterior.
The bones of the limbs are covered on either side by a duplication of skin, forming a framework on both sides.
XX IXTRODUCTIOX
The entrance of a bat, with its precious burden, into the open window of a farmhouse is the solution to the frequently asked question of the distraught housewife: "Where can the insects come from?". 34; In June 1823, the son of Mr. Gillespie, the guardian of the town square, a young red bat {L. noveboracensis), which he took home with him. Both were brought to the museum - the young clings to his mother's teat.
This faithful creature lived in the museum for two days and then died from injuries sustained by her captor.
ARTIFICIAL KEY TO THE GENERA
ISTIOPHORA
Gymnorhina
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MACROTUS
The chin plates are less sharply defined; the inner edge of the tragus is much thickened, and the twisted part at the base of the outer edge is slightly swollen.
NYCTINOMUS
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NYCTINOMUS. 9 animal, but a glance at a figure of another species of the same
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Skull. - Between that of Scotophilus and that of Lasiurus, flat, but not to the extent as in the former; skull.
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It is thus observed that the general expression is that of the Scotophilus, but differs from that genus in the black tint of the ear-threads and outer skin, and in the smallness of the former. The fur is rather scanty, except for a small patch at the base of the interfemoral membrane; front and back there are no hairs on the membranes. That of the back is dark fur, the upper part, the lower half a lighter shade bordering on 0!i.
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The rear surface of the ear is covered with hairs up to half its length, which extend to the front notch of the outer border. A hair of the same general shade extends from the body on the alar membranes to the bottom of the third annulus on either side, and merges with that on the anterior surface of the intcfemoral membrane about the region of the tibio-femoral articulation. The posterior surface of the alar membranes is less lined along the brachial and digital regions than the anterior surface, being here almost entirely confined to longitudinal bands extending from the neck down across the interbrachial.
The dorsum of the fifth finger is covered for about a third of its length with fine scattered hair, to which some individuals are not restricted.
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The inner rim is markedly convex: some specimens have a slight ridge at the tip - the outer rim is thinner than the internal, less convex and somewhat irregular in outline. The basal external lobe is very conspicuous and abrupt, with blunt apex, and ends on a line with the posterior angle of the eye. The tragus is broad, inner border straight; tip obtuse, bent inwards; outer border longer than inner, convex, upper two-thirds convex the lower.
The ears are black on the border, with broad hair without, to a lesser extent inside - the extreme border is bare.
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The first premolar is very small, wedged between the eye and the second premolar, which is large and pointed. Molars as usual, the first smaller than the second, not inclined so far forward as in the preceding rows.
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Ears high, elliptical, pointed and almost naked - strongly convex on their inner edge, almost straight on their outer edge - the lobe at the base of the outer edge well developed.
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The description in this forgotten brochure does not correspond very well with that of Scotophilas: for the number. But this objection does not hold water; importance that it seems to have at first glance, since the small incisor, which is close to the canine, is very often observed ('a])cs ... it is almost completely hidden in the growth of the adjacent one. This small omission does not, in my opinion, at present affect the diagnosis, any more than the fact that the long neglect of naturalists in noticing the minute premolar behind the canine of the maxilla of L. cinereus and noveboracensis does not affect the identity of would affect those species.
Tenmiinck's species, V. ursinus and V. j^^^^^iops of Rafinesque, I believe to be the same as the one under consideration. It would be strange for these two forms to be combined, . when the two-colored hair of the former, as described by Temminck, would be immediately distinguished from the one-colored fur of the latter.^. Major Leconte did separate them; but in the individuals he marked, now before me, I failed to observe any such difference as is above mentioned.
I have therefore assumed that V. iirsi Jiun is a true synonym of S. fuscus, and that the form that HJ Temminck calls V.phaiops, Raf. is a species that has not been observed in North America and remains so. Major Leconte has made a commendable attempt to identify the species, the result of the work of European authors, and thus relieve this subject of its complicated synonomy. So, inside. speaking of the shape of the outer edge of the ear, he says: .. 34; In the fuscus the ear is somewhat triangular, very concave at the outer edge, and ends at the tip. .. 34;The u7-t;i7ius ear oval, whole; that is, not flared at all, the orillon acinaciform and obtuse. The ear of the haiops is slightly triangular, serpentine or double flared on the outer edge, orillon-elongated, blunt.
34; CaroU has an egg-shaped ear, enlarged at the back almost from the tip to the bottom, and an orillon lanceolate, blunt, rounded at the tip, slightly curved at the rear edge.".
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The shapes of the ear and tragus, the color of the membranes, the powdered coat and the hairy interfemoral membrane are the same for both; butin S. I have never seen specimens that were "entirely black," a peculiarity of color which, according to Major Leconte, sometimes occurs. Most of the coat is a dark color, with the colors mentioned above only making up the tips.
The incisors and canines are not special; the premolars are two in number: the first is small and unicuspid, the second larger with an indistinct basal cusp.
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However, it belongs to the group characterized by the small and equal superior incisors, of which ;S. georgianus and S. liesperus are the representatives. Indeed, the dentition throughout is similar to that seen in ^5. . Georgian; and the epitome of the beast indicates that it .. has a near refinement to the former than to the latter of these species. The head is flat and broad; lipslightlytumid; nostrils opening sublaterally, placed near the lip; the snout rather thick, and scarcely if at all protuberant; auricles of a pale brown color, not quite as long as the head, subulate, slightly turned outwards, internal basal margin not obtuse and rounded as in other species of Scotophilus, but markedly and sharply produced, as in Ves- 2) ertilio.
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Refinery types, it is impossible to determine the following; but there is good reason to doubt whether they differ from others which are well known:V.
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The basal third of the tooth is covered with hairs at the base: a tuft of hairs is visible at the base of the interfemoral membrane behind. In two specimens, the fur had a darker shade, the tips at the back were dark olive brown, and the lower part was black.
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The base of the hair behind is of a dark vertical color, the tips olive-brown; the base in front is of the same shade and blends into a whitish-yellow tip. The color is subject to little variation; the olive brown on the back is in some specimens of a lighter shade.
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Interfemoral membrane triangular, termination of ealcaneum forming a lobe with the membrane; tail point shown. It is, however, smaller than the first, the membranes more delicate, the leg proportionally larger, the interfemoral membrane smaller; but it agrees with it in the sul)ulate tragus and in the teeth. It was sent to the Institution, from Fort Yuma, with the original type of Macrotus califot-nic us, by Major (now Major-General) George H.
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This author says: "Hair colored light brown, tip darker, paler beneath." The yellowish brown color can be described as follows: Hair al) Light brown at the bottom, darker at the tips;.
APPENDIX
72 APPENDIX
T4 APPENDIX
Earzoid, mucli higher than tip of vertex, on posterior border vertical, and slightly emarginate at apex; tragus long, lanceolate, but slightly revolute near apex; the coat is hairy at the base of the outer part; big toe, armed with a very curved nail; tail long, without point; interfemoral membrane marked below with parallel lines; claws are very long, strong and curved. Ears as long as the head, elongated and hairy half the length of the outer part of the ears. Furbicolor throughout; upper part tawny brown, but base hairy black; below a yolk, the base of the hair is brown.
Length, 4 inches, 4 lines or 5 inches - the tail is 2 inches; expanse of wing membrane, 12 to 13 inches; antibrachium, 1in.
16 APPEXDIX
APPENDIX. 1
78 APPENDIX
Two false molars on either side of the two jaws; the ears are obtuse, the tragus is lanceolate. All the superior parts of the body of a brown chestnut-grey, and the superior parts whitish; furat its base is darker tinted than its tips. All the upper parts of the body are colored by a mixture of black and whitish yellow; the black for the most part, inasmuch as the tips of the hair are whitish, they re-.
The lower parts of the body are clear whitish gray, slightly wavy with brown, the upper parts are whitish yellow; the hairs of the upper parts are black at the base, whitish along the greater part of their length, and brownish at the tips; the underparts are black on the basal parts and whitish yellow on the outer part.
80 APPENDIX
81Description.—Anterior upper anterior teeth bicuspid; to lie short; Description of nose.—Anterior upper teeth bicuspid; to lie short; the nose. The back is root-stone black at the extremities, where it is so lightly interlaced with light brown as to give a dark yellowish brown appearance. California bat - with long silky hairs; tragus more than half length of ear; color light yellowish brown.
Colour. Pelage, which is unusually long for the size of the body, and very soft and glossy, is dark leaden above from the base, and broadly tipped with light yellowish brown; at the bottom the color is slightly darker, as the outer tips of the hairs are more narrowly fringed with the predominant color on the back, revealing the darker shades below.
82 APPENDIX
