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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW, TOURSIM, AND CULTURE

Published Law Departement, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha Bali Indonesia Volume 1 Issue 2, November 2022 | P-ISSN : 2830-6546

77

PREVENTIVE EFFORTS TO PREVENT CORRUPTION THROUGH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ANTI-CORRUPTION VALUES FOR STUDENTS

Ketut Putrini

Fakultas Hukum dan Ilmu Sosial, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Email: putrini@undiksha.ac.id

Info Artikel Abstract

Masuk: 1 September 2022 Diterima: 23Oktober 2022 Terbit: 1 November 2022 Keywords:

Anti-Corruption, Preventive Efforts, Students.

Corresponding Author:

Ketut Putrini, email:

putrini@undiksha.ac.id

This study aims to understand (1) the form of efforts to prevent corruption for students as one of the stakeholders in society and to (2) find out the role and involvement of students in fighting corruption in Indonesia. Furthermore, normative juridical research is the type of research used in this study. The conceptual approach, also known as the contextual approach and the statute approach or furthermore, the approach used by the author in the study of scientific papers, the statutory approach is the approach used in this study. The legal materials used in this study are Primary Legal Materials, Secondary Legal Materials and Tertiary Legal Materials. The technique of collecting legal materials in this research is by means of library research. The method of analysis through descriptive path is the method used in this research and this research uses qualitative research. As for the research results obtained, namely (1) Preventive efforts are a form of prevention before something unwanted occurs. Regarding the handling of criminal acts of corruption for students, forms of anti-corruption practice can be carried out by conducting campaigns, seminars, outreach or included in compulsory courses. The long-term impact is to form a habit that becomes a hereditary culture that is anti- corruption. (2) Regarding the role of students in handling rampant

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78 corruption, the form of involvement is to become agents of change.

Starting from students who change to stop following the culture of corruption. Furthermore, students also act as role models for the generations below them, such as elementary, junior high and high schools so that they are able to implement an anti-corruption culture. High idealism and a critical mindset can be a weapon for a society where students are like the spearhead and front guard in responding to government actions or policies that smell of corruption.

Introduction

Basically, corruption is likened to a social parasite that destroys the state of government, as well as being the main obstacle to the implementation of existing government and development. In the field, corruption is a challenge because it is difficult to eradicate because it requires providing exact evidence. In addition, it is not easy to find out by applying the existing legal norms. However, the path of corruption is a dangerous threat that must be considered jointly by stakeholders, both the community, law enforcement and the government by synergizing.

Of the approximately 133 countries in the world, Indonesia is the most corrupt country ranked no. 6. This is certainly not an award that a country can be proud of. The reform movement in order to eradicate corruption in the view of Novel Ali (2005) has not been successful. Not a few people think, in the post-reform era because there are other parties who are trying to change the goals and direction of the corruption reform movement in Indonesia which makes corruption increasingly rampant.

The bad view of Indonesia, which is one of the most corrupt countries in the world, has an impact on the community's lack of trust in the government. Now the public has judged the credibility and accountability of the government to be fragile and faded. This is equivalent to the collapse of the belief of the government and foreign people in the state and nation of Indonesia. (Novel, 2005).

In response to rampant corruption, it takes an effort and effort to respond to this. One form of business that must be applied in eradicating corruption is to optimize anti-corruption actions. This action is not only a formality, but a political will of the government supported by maturity and readiness of the

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79 existing law. Furthermore, an important thing that needs to be addressed besides that is the support from the community. Therefore, the exact initial effort can be a priority, namely strengthening legal codification (normative) which is at least able to make a person a kapok trying corruption. The provision of severe sanctions and punishments for someone who tries corruption crimes is very important also to carry out (Novel, 2005).

Regarding the problem of preventing corruption, it can not only be carried out by law enforcement such as policies, judges, and prosecutors, but also all fields, one of which is the field of education. The hope in preventing corruption from the beginning is in the field of education. Education is a place that creates the next generation of the nation as a powerful forum in the prevention of corruption. The eradication of corruption cannot only be given punishment and advice or anti- corruption socialization alone. So that in Indonesia corruption is not carried out alternately, it is to be eradicated to the source of the problem. Protection for the next generation of the nation from the increasing acts of corruption carried out with irresponsible individuals is the impact obtained through anti-corruption education.

Education is believed to be the answer to the future for a bright nation and the cultivation of anti-corruption values is a lifelong learning that is very important to provide from an early age. The main weapon of nation-building is the quality of human resources themselves. The first step or the first step in realizing the development of human resources or human resources which is expected to run successfully if the mambu state forms an anti-corruption company. To form this character, it can start from the place where a person gets an education, one of which is college. To create a generation at the elementary, middle, and high school levels that are anti-corruption, the one who must be a role model, role model or role model is the student himself.

Through anti-corruption learning or education, it is hoped that the new generation of the nation's successors will know the corruption problems experienced by Indonesia today and not carry out these corruption acts as done by irresponsible officials. Anti-corruption education is not just a science, but to shape one's maindset, paradigm, and actions to live a right and better foundation.

Based on the current situation as described above, it can be understood that an effort is needed through the application of anti-corruption values in universities considering that the campus is the place where the highest education printer to produce a dignified generation so it is necessary to discuss how to apply the anti-corruption value and the role of students in responding to rampant corruption in Indonesia by

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80 raising the title " Preventive Efforts to Prevent Corruption in Higher Education through the Implementation of Anti-Corruption Values".

Research Methods

The normative juridical type of research is a type of research that is stated in conducting research on the assessment of existing legal issues. Studies that are focused and focused on assessing the implementation of positive rules and laws in the form of applicable norms are the meaning and meaning of normative juridical research (Soenjono, 2001: 3). The conceptual approach or known as the conceptual approach and the statute approach is the approach used in this study. The conceptual approach or known as the conceptual approach is carried out when the author does not move from the prevailing norms (Marzuki, 2016: 177). Furthermore, the statute approach is an approach that is applied by examining all statutory norms related to legal issues or problems in society that exist where in this case it is corruption that plagues lela in Indonesia.

Tertiary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and primary legal materials are legal materials used in the preparation of this scientific work that is part of the Secondary Data. Tertiary legal materials are auxiliary legal materials supporting primary and secondary legal materials such as the KBBI, furthermore, secondary legal materials are studying literature such as journals, expert opinions, etc. and finally are primary legal materials, namely all rules and norms related to corruption crimes. The method of collecting legal materials in writing this scientific paper is by studying

literature. This study applies analytical techniques through qualitative descriptive paths. Primary Legal Materials can be presented or described in a quality and precise manner and in the form of literature, coherent, logical, effective, and inequality sentences.

Discussion Corruption

Corruption can be interpreted as the misuse or misappropriation of money that does not belong to him for the benefit of oneself or others. This is in accordance with the statement in the KBBI. The understanding of corruption according to this dictionary is unjust, immoral, and bribery. Corruption has a meaning as a behavior that is carried out with the aim of obtaining profits that collide with its duties. Furthermore, in article 435 of the Criminal Code, corruption has a foul meaning, can be shunned, likes to be bribed, bad, and depraved (Hartanti, 2005: 7).

In addition, according to experts, namely Eko Handoyo (2009) revealed that corruption is a person's actions caused by pressure or coercion in the social environment. Speculation or other views

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81 that explain the causes of the misuse of state money among the public is the speculation / theory of Social Solidarity proposed by Emile Durkheim which considers that human character should be passive in spirit and controlled by society. It is society that shapes his personality according to the views of Emile Durkheim (Nader, 2002: 5). Every human being or person who wants to enrich himself or his class or others which of course can harm the state and even everyone whose impact has an impact on the people's economy is the meaning of corruption contained in Article 2 of Law No. 31 of 1999 (Soeryodibroto, 2006: 2).

Crimes whose impact is detrimental to many people are classified as extraordinary crimes so corruption is considered an extra ordinary crime. Therefore, to fight and eradicate corruption, more efforts are needed than usual.

The Concept of Anti-Corruption Education

The connectedness of students to efforts to prevent corruption is certainly not in the effort to crack down which is the duty and obligation of law enforcement officers. The active efforts of students focus on the problem of preventing the misuse of state money by creating a culture that is anti- corruption in the community. The frontline that can serve as a changemaker and trigger an anti- corruption movement in society is a mandate for students. In order to actively contribute, students want to be given an understanding of the origins of corruption and its eradication.

The concept of education and the application of values to students can be carried out with various efforts, including seminars, campaigns, socialization, or lectures. An education that is anti- misuse of state money or corruption for students has the aim of passing on a sufficient understanding of the origins of corruption and its eradication and fostering anti-corruption values. The long-term form is to cultivate a culture that is anti-misuse of state money in the university environment and encourages students to actively contribute to the problem of eradicating corruption in Indonesia.

Regarding the principles of anti-misuse of state money or corruption, among others, namely accountability. Accountability has the meaning of harmony between rules and work practices. All institutions or institutions must be accountable for their performance either between internal din between individuals and indivi9su or at the level of other institutions. This is a manifestation of the rules of the game at the de facto or convention and de jure levels. Public accountability can simply be interpreted as a means implemented to monitor and direct administrative actions by handing over the necessity in order to provide an answer to non-internal institutions. Together with that referring to the ability to answer to someone regarding performance is the most fundamental meaning of public

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82 accountability. The ability to carry out performance maintenance is a skill that must be possessed by a person Someone who is given this answer. (Prasojo:2005: 15).

In addition to accountability, another principle is openness or transparency. Transparency is the openness of information to the public so that everyone can know information without anything being covered up. The form of transparency isa reflection of upholding honesty. Students must have openness as the main weapon in carrying out their obligations and duties in society (Suryani, 2013: 317).

Efforts to Prevent Corruption and the Role of Students

All strategies and strategies are pursued to eradicate corruption as proposed by the United Nations known as the Global Program Against Corruption and formed in an institution called the United Nations Anti-Corruption Toolkit. Not only that, there are institutions that are fighting in the misuse of state finances created by this. In 1809 the Institution was formed by the Swedish Parliament for the first time under the name Justitieombudsmannen. Reporting from UNODC (2004), Ombusman is an institution formed in Indonesia to protect the right of the public to obtain information and the existence of true facts from government treatment (Suryani, 2013: 318).

Reporting on assets owned by public officials is an effort by the government to anticipate the misappropriation of state finances so it can also be said that this effort is classified as a preventive effort. In addition, facilitating access to information to the public is a right that must be obtained by the community to implement openness and transparency. It is not enough to get there, as for other important things, there are legal norms or instruments that favor the people in fighting and eradicating corruption in Indonesia. Law is a form of government protection to the people and therefore the law regarding corruption must be emphasized. Finally, there is supervision or monitoring of the performance of each institution to anticipate unwanted actions.

Corruption is an extra ordinary crime or simply an extraordinary crime that has a very dangerous impact and threat to the economy of a country. In essence, corruption indicates an unfavorable impact on all aspects of human life. The main reason for the non-realization of a nation's justice and prosperity for the existing society is one reason for the existence of corruption itself. Corruption also has an unfavorable impact on the economic system, political system, democratic system, government system, legal system, and social order of society. The dignity or position of the state and people's trust in the government will be very low.

Because the impact is very dangerous and a threat to the country, to fight or eradicate corruption requires extraordinary efforts as well. Eradicating corruption is not a job done and can be done easily.

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83 Fundamentally, handling criminal cases such as kotupsi is the task of law enforcement officials, be it the police, prosecutors, judiciary, KPK, or others. However, this is not enough considering that corruption handlers need more effort so that synergy and an active role with the community are needed, one of which is students.

There needs to be awareness as a key to success in carrying out the anti-corruption movement.

To realize this awareness, it is necessary to repeat habits continuously until it becomes an ingrained culture about the movement not to commit acts of corruption. To do this, it does take a short time so it is necessary to build a strong foundation from now on. This culture needs to involve various parties or all stakeholders in this case students as representatives of the community who prioritize the rights of the community.

Regarding the role of students in responding to rampant corruption crimes, the form of involvement is to become an agent of change. Starting from the students who changed to stop following the culture of corruption. Furthermore, students also serve as role models for the lower generations such as elementary, middle, and high schools to be able to implement an anti-corruption culture. High idealism and critical patterns can be a weapon for society where students are like the spearhead and frontline to respond to government actions or policies that smell of corruption.

Characteristics such as intellectuality, youth, and idealism make students unable to escape their involvement in responding to rampant corruption in Indonesia. This has proven in the history of this nation's journey that students have always taken a very important position and contribution. Students contribute very importantly and actively as agents of change when seen as backwards from some major events of the Indonesian nation's journey

Students must begin to understand their role from the smallest things, namely around them. It takes courage to supervise the finances of higher education so that there is no abuse of power and state finances in universities. In addition, students must also implement a culture that is anti-corruption in their organizations. Furthermore, if there are indeed public issues related to the rights of the people who are deprived, especially the existence of government actions that smell of corruption, it is necessary to have the role of students to dare to speak out and speak out to criticize and respond to what happened.

Conclusion

The conclusions obtained from the research results that have been previously described are as follows.

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84 1. Preventive efforts are a form of preventive efforts before something untoward happens.

Regarding the handling of corruption crimes for students, the form of anti-corruption practice can be done by conducting campaigns, seminars, socialization or contained in compulsory courses. The long-term impact is to form a habit that becomes a hereditary culture that is anti- corruption.

2. Regarding the role of students in responding to rampant corruption crimes, the form of involvement is to become an agent of change. Starting from the students who changed to stop following the culture of corruption. Furthermore, students also serve as role models for the lower generations such as elementary, middle, and high schools to be able to implement an anti- corruption culture. High idealism and critical patterns can be a weapon for society where students are like the spearhead and frontline to respond to government actions or policies that smell of corruption.

Advice

The advice that the author can give in relation to this research, namely regarding corruption that exists as a legal issue in Indonesia is as follows:

1. For the government to be an example in the future that can be a role model for the community. Despicable acts committed by some individuals in the government such as corruption have made people's trust in the government decrease drastically so that in the future it will block the course of government without active participation from the people.

2. For law enforcement to instill an intregrity personality. This is so that all law enforcement agencies are not easily bribed to realize fair justice. This is because currently there are not a few law enforcement that are easy to bribe so that corruption perpetrators can easily get out of the punishment and rules that apply

3. For students to take an active role to set an example for the next successor to implement anti- corruption values and be active in criticizing government policies and law enforcement that are deviating and violating.

4. For the public to actively participate in monitoring the running of the government by demanding public information disclosure to prevent things hidden by the government Daftar Pustaka

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