INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW ... - Ejournal2 Undiksha

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FOSTERING ANTI-CORRUPTION SPIRIT IN THE YOUNGER GENERATION THROUGH MORAL EDUCATION

Kadek Ita Lestari

Fakultas Hukum dan Ilmu Sosial, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Email: [email protected]

Info Artikel Abstract

Masuk:1September2022 Diterima:23September 2022

Terbit: 1November 2022 Keywords:

Anti-Corruption Education, Young Generation, Moral Education

Corresponding Author:

Kadek Ita Lestari, email:

[email protected]

Corruption is the most important matter that must be fought by the nation and state of Indonesia today. We as Indonesians see and hear information about corruption almost every day on social media and electronic media. Anticipating the fact that corruption is increasingly popular and complex so that it can revitalize with the increase of young corruptors, it is necessary to foster an anti- corruption spirit in the younger generation through moral education. According to Law no. 20 of 2003 concerning the Indonesian National Education System, it is stated that moral development such as having faith, having faith, having good character, being creative, independent and forming democratic and responsible citizens are functions and objectives that must be obtained in the education process in schools. With the existence of a strong intention that education in schools is able to provide an output role for the younger generation who have high unity so that they can become anti-corruption activators in society.

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Introduction

Indonesia is a country that holds a fairly large level of corruption in the world. This is what fosters a bad impression and loss for the country in the economic field. Incidents such as the provision of money to corner someone and the misappropriation of social assistance funds, which amount to hundreds of millions of rupiah, can emphasize that corruption has soared in the midst of indonesian people's lives. The Indonesian government has been trying to establish a Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) that has existed since 2002 by referring to Law No. 30 of 2002 which is given full authority to eradicate corruption in the country. Corruption is considered an extra ordinary crime so it takes extraordinary efforts to eradicate it. Efforts to eradicate corruption in society can be carried out by fighting the growth of intellectual corruption in the younger generation through education. The education referred to here is a process of assessment that is carried out gradually so that human potential can develop so that it is able to have skills, noble ethics, and important skills in society. The development of the country is strongly influenced by the supremacy of knowledge.

Therefore, knowledge is used as a medium in educating and has quite important obligations in social life. Education also participates in the development of classy human resources (HR), through an index of capable, expert, creative and innovative skills and has good attitudes and behaviors. The introductory instruction of the 1945 Constitution and the vision of national education sets out on a basic footing contained in article 31 paragraph 1 of the 1945 Constitution which is in the same direction as the Human Right to practice. It states that illegally the knowledge system rests on a principle of deep education that accepts exclusive differences in oneself. This can be interpreted to mean that plurality, position, and progress of values in the progress of children in Indonesia indicatively provide opportunities to create creative principles of search and inclination in all their growth and development.

The purpose of Anti-Corruption Knowledge for the younger generation is to reduce in-depth education about the complications of corruption and its eradication and practice anti-corruption designs in everyday life. Another goal is to promote an anti-corruption culture within the younger generation and bring the younger generation to play a role in the crackdown on corruption in the country. Through anti-corruption knowledge, the younger generation will know corruption cases earlier and there is no desire to be involved in these actions like what previous generations did.

Research Methods

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The research method used in this article is a descriptive method through qualitative research.

In this case, researchers examine how to foster the spirit of anti-corruption in the younger generation through moral education. The method used in this data collection is with secondary data of a

documentation study nature that contains information related to this article. The analysis technique of this data consists of delivering, as well as adding proof of data. All of these problems will be resolved through the basic logic of the hypothesis through the collection of legal data.

Discussion

Understanding the Spirit of Anti-Corruption¹

According to the opinion of Islam regarding corruption in the opening of the pocketbook is written where the terminology of corruption comes from the Latin "coruptio" or "corruptus" which means depravity or ugliness. In other countries, the term corruption such as "gin moung" (muangthai) which means to pollute citizens, "tanwu" (china) which means covetousness is smeared and "oshoku"

in Japan which means celemotan work. So the meaning of corruption is crime, savagery, cruelty, depravity, malfeasance, embezzlement, fraud, bribery, and as contained the value of insults and cursing. There are several terms of corruption contained in the Fiqh reference including:

1. Ghulul (misappropriation) 2. Risywah (bribery)

3. Ghashab (foreclosure) 4. Ikhtilas (robbery) 5. Sirqoh (usurpation) 6. Hirabah (theft)

According to the general scientific dictionary the word anti has the meaning of revenge, expelling, refuting and confronting. So anti-corruption is a grudge, denying and confronting corruption which means that the younger generation must distance itself from corruption and all things related to corruption. Ethics is a person's charity which is a capacity that can grow and develop as long as the person's heart is sincere, healthy, and not veiled. Morals that grow up in the surrounding environment can be influenced by identity so that these morals can underlie speculation, behavior and human character. The spirit of anti-corruption is an understanding of a person in understanding the meaning

1Badudu, J.S., and Sutan Muhammad Zain, Big Indonesian dictionary, Jakarta: paramadina, 1997 p. 617

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of corruption, the dangers of corruption and that someone tries to stay away from and also refute it. A person will not be encouraged by environmental conditions, because they already have a spirit that they are able to grow through an anti-corruption attitude.

Definition of Moral Education

According to the big indonesian dictionary, morals can be explained as a person's disposition, morals, attitudes and moral personality. While moral means having its own character. As for character, it means the typical and essential personality of the individual who is isolating towards others. Based on Drs. Sunhaji M.Ag.'s lecture, which contains about Educational Strategies on October 9, 2009, there are 3 types of personalities, namely, personality in education, personality in tradition, and personality in extracurricular.

1. Personality in education is a personality mastered by a person where the personality can grow when education begins.

2. A personality in tradition is a personality that is inflamed on the individual through the customs and traditions around him.

3. Personality in extracurriculars is a tradition that is created and grown in individuals with the holding of extra activities.

Based on Law No. 20 of 2003, it is explained that education is a process of rising and directed in fostering the spirit of learning and efforts to guide so that the younger generation actively grows their abilities to have spiritual vitality, self-management, character, ingenuity, disposition, and expertise needed by individuals, communities, nations and states. When examined further, it turns out that the Law has been included in the moral personality. The definition contains a meaning which can be seen at the end of the sentence, namely:

1. Moral education is learning that is integrated with education contained in all subjects.

2. Directed at the validation and advancement of the attitudes of the younger generation as a whole. The assumption is that the younger generation is a living thing that has the talent to grow.

3. Affirmation and improvement of attitudes must be based on individual character values.

So moral education is an effort to give direction to the younger generation to become human beings who have morals in terms of behavior, attitude, spirit, and taste and taste. The younger generation is required to have good morals, such as sincerity, obligation, sincere sincerity, ingeniousness, and sane and imaginative.

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Principles of Identity and Moral Substance of the Younger Generation

Identity is a human gift that has the ability and arises when the human conscience is sincere sincere, healthy, and undisguised. A character that is responsive to the surrounding environment will develop into a personality and that personality will affect human speculation, behavior, and attitudes.

This happens because the obligation of the younger generation is to prepare an environment that can adjust their identity to become a good personality, so the attitude obtained is also good. The personality of the individuals and being the personality of society and the result being the personality of the nation.

In the scheme for the realization of a moral education, the recognition of 18 values rooted in religion, national philosophy, traditions, and forms of national education are such as, religion, honesty, tolerance, discipline, hard work, imaginative, independent, democratization, care for the surroundings and responsibility.

In an effort to advance the Indonesian nation, it requires a personality that is tough, able to compete, virtuous, character, responsibility, helpful, nationalistic, enthusiastic, civilized and leads to science and technology according to pancasila and is infused by strength and humility aimed at God Almighty. This personality is based on the five precepts of pancasila which means that every personality point of view must be based on pancasila values which can be explained as a whole and thoroughly:

1. Almighty godly society

2. A society that upholds a just and civilized humanity 3. A society that prioritizes the unity and unity of the state 4. A society that is populous and upholds law and human rights 5. A society that prioritizes justice and social welfare

Moral Education in Fostering the Progress of the Younger Generation

History leaves behind a very important education in which, disputes, conflicts, and the transition of thought is actually something that brings the individual to the door of sovereignty. By going through many quarrels, induvidu learned a lot about the tolerance and transparency of the republican enforcers in obtaining insights and various kinds of advice. With this change in thinking power, individuals can understand how authentic the determination of community leaders is to be able to unite into one societal personality, so that the disputes that occur do not become complications for the individual concerned. Therefore, moral education needs to be explored from the principle of the idea of pancasila and the principle of the provisions of the 1945 Constitution. In 1928, where history

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shows that the establishment of the "youth oath" justifies the intention to foster a nationalist sense of the nation. They pledged to be social, love for the homeland, and one language, namely Indonesia while independent was established in the form of a unitary state. Both historical events prove that sociological-political necessity can consider the moral existence of the existence of such a pluralistic society.

So that the history and customs can be strengthened again with the meaning of the symbol

"Bhineka Tunggal Ika" which is a symbol of the Indonesian nation. To start education related to the moral values of the nation starting from unofficial (informal) education and collaterally then continuing on official and unofficial education. If it is seen that the current and subsequent obstacles where the younger generation is able to instill moral education as a reference for the spirit of the nation. The strategy and application of morally based education is a very important and essential reference in the scheme of developing this country. That it also requires good assistance from the political, social, and cultural habits of the indonesian people. Moral education in shaping the progress of the nation, is an advantage of the diversity of values and customs of national life. This excellence will come when the younger generation participates in the life of a society that has a diverse foundation.

Thus education is important to be placed in the right position, including when facing disputes involving ethnicity, race, and creed. Moral education is not only used as a discourse, but the basis for its implementation must include²actions that can develop the culture of the Indonesian people. The adjustment of polite and polite behavior is a speculation of the individual's self-desire to be free and remain independent (Muktiono Waspodo).

Moral Education Process to Foster Anti-Corruption Spirit in the Younger Generation

In fostering the spirit of the younger generation who are anti-corruption, it is important to be realized in several ways including:

1. By Example: Being a teacher is very hard because they must always set a good example for their students. In this case, the child's disposition will imitate what the child sees and hears, so that as a teacher, he must always exemplify good things and comply with the existing rules.

The meaning of exemplifying here is not only to describe an example of anti-corruption action,

2Safitri J. (2022). Character Education Papers. Retrieved from Kompas.com: http://amin- x.blogspot.com/2012/07/contoh-makalah-pendidikan-karakter.html [December 20, 2022]

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but the teacher must participate in carrying out what they direct. For example, behaving well and being honest. According to advice from the Father of Indonesian Education, KH Dewantara stated that, schools and teachers who are unable to exemplify good lessons (ing ngarso sung tulodho) then these students will experience danger and defeat (nyaru beboyo and ciloko) later.

2. By Adjustment: Adjustment is an effort applied in guiding students. Through these efforts, the younger generation will be accustomed to carrying out positive things. For example, in fostering the spirit of anti-corruption, namely by not lying, such as holding an honesty in schools, where students are taught to always behave well and honestly and when the student is found to be lying, they will be subject to existing sanctions so that they grow a deterrent effect and the mistakes are not repeated.

3. Through Evaluation: In this case, what is done is to pour the principles of the nation's personality through anti-corruption measures and then poured into students through school evaluations/strategies. The role of a teacher in evaluation or strategy in schools is very influential because in this case through the integrity of the program and the learning implementation plan is able to foster anti-corruption spirit and morals so that individuals are able to become a young generation who has an anti-corruption character that grows in them.

According to Prop. Suyanto Ph.D stated that in his article there are 9 moral foundations contained in systematic noble values, namely, the first moral love of God and all his creation; secondly, independent and liable; third, integrity and politics; fourth, courtesy and courtesy; fifth, love to help and uphold unity; sixth, full of struggles; seventh, the soul of the leader; eighth, be kind; Ninth, moral tolerance and integrity. Of the nine morals, it is instructed in a structured manner in the form of comprehensive education by applying techniques of knowing the good, feeling good and acting well.

The principle of moral education must be practiced from an early age. Through moral education, practice, development, and establishment of the anti-corruption spirit can be implemented in a structured and sustainable manner so that the younger generation becomes smarter. This intelligence is a very important preparation in the future. Where the younger generation is easier and more successful in living all life propositions and propokasi in fighting corruption.

Conclusion

Based on the description above, it can be concluded that the spirit of anti-corruption is an understanding of a person in understanding the meaning of corruption, the dangers of corruption and

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that someone tries to stay away from it and also refute it. Then moral education is an effort to give direction to the younger generation to become human beings who have morals in terms of behavior, attitude, spirit, as well as taste and taste. Moral education in shaping the progress of the nation, is an advantage of the diversity of values and customs of national life. In an effort to advance the Indonesian nation, it requires a personality that is tough, able to compete, virtuous, character, responsibility, helpful, nationalistic, enthusiastic, civilized and leads to science and technology according to pancasila and is infused by strength and humility focused on God Almighty. So that through moral education practice, development, and establishment of the anti-corruption spirit can be implemented in a structured and sustainable manner so that the younger generation becomes smarter.

Advice

The suggestions that need to be considered in fostering the spirit of anti-corruption in the younger generation through moral education include:

1. A person's understanding of corruption must be continuously improved to avoid the dangers of corruption.

2. The younger generation must always be given direction related to moral education in terms of behavior, attitude, spirit, and taste and taste.

3. Through moral education, it is hoped that the younger generation will not only make this a discourse, but the basis for its implementation must include actions that can develop the culture of the Indonesian people.

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