INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW ... - Ejournal2 Undiksha

(1)

27 Available online at https://ejournal2.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/IJLTC/issue/archive

EFFICIENCY OF ANTI-CORRUPTION EDUCATION IN REDUCING HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS

Kadek Duwi Suryantini

Fakultas Hukum dan Ilmu Sosial, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Email:[email protected]

Info Artikel Abstract Masuk:1Desember2022

Diterima:23Januari2022 Terbit: 1 Februari2022 Keywords:

Corruption, Anti- Corruption Education, Human Right

Corresponding Author:

Kadek Duwi Suryantini, email:Duwi.suryantini@undi ksha.ac.id

This paper motivated by the problem of corruption which is difficult to eradicate. Cases of corruption themselves have a great impact on the economy, one of which is causing misery, low quality of education, and resulting in poor public service sector. Cases of criminal acts of corruption can be said to be contrary to human rights, namely when acts of corruption have a bad influence on social and economic rights in society. The presence of anti- corruption education in Indonesia brings the role of education in it.

The essence of anti-corruption education is actually not just a way out of early deterrence of corruption cases, but anti-corruption education is considered efficient in preventing acts of violation of human rights (HAM).

Introduction

Along with the times, the problem of corruption is increasingly rampant, it is heard in the ears of the Indonesian people. Corruption is an attitude or behavior of a person that is carried out to enrich oneself or gain benefits that are contrary to their duties. In this case, the development of cases that occur is increasing every year, both from the number of cases and the losses caused. Corruption is no

(2)

longer a foreign thing in Indonesia, but a case that often occurs, especially among government officials or employees. In addition, corruption does not occur in a short time, but has been happening for a long time. This starts with corruptors who only commit small lies, for example the corruption of time. And finally over time did a more serious thing that was the corruption of money that did not belong to them.

Those who commit acts of corruption are not merely ignorant people, but people who are smart and astute in using office for their personal gain. Various motives and reasons why someone commits corruption. The main factor is the existence of power that gives rise to opportunities and intentions to commit acts of corruption. In the end, the position also causes a change in a person's nature from being initially good and honest can change to a dishonest or even arbitrary nature.

The Indonesian state is often dubbed as the most corrupt country. However, in reality Indonesia has its own institutions in handling existing corruption cases. The relationship between human rights and corruption does not seem to be discussed in academics or practitioners, and there is not even any reading material or literature related to it. This is because the essence of corruption cases indirectly discusses the more detailed relationship between corruption and human rights. Meanwhile, the relationship is already very visible because almost all acts of corruption that occur, will immediately be accompanied by human rights violations. Corruption cases themselves have a huge impact on the economy, one of which results in misery, low quality of education, and results in the poor public service sector. This will certainly have an impact on the suffering of the community, especially the lower middle class who are still below the poverty line. The development of corruption cases that are increasingly occurring in the Indonesian state also urges the eradication and prevention of corruption in the Indonesian state. Meanwhile, until now, in an effort to eradicate corruption, which has not found any clues in this problem. Although it will not guarantee that corruption cases will decrease, it needs to be implemented in order to make a comprehensive improvement to the Law on the Eradication of Corruption.

The presence of anti-corruption education in Indonesia which brings the role of education in it.

The enforcement of corruption with educational facilities was responded to by giving birth to the Permenristekdikti policy No. 33 of 2019 concerning the Obligations of Anti-Corruption Education Providers (PAK) at the Higher Education level. In addition, the essence of anti-corruption education is actually not just a solution in early prevention of corruption cases, but anti-corruption education is

(3)

considered effective in preventing human rights violations. This Anti-Corruption Education is very important in today's developments. A systematic and directed education pattern makes students more familiar with corruption and the sanctions obtained as a result of committing corruption crimes. In addition, education on corruption is also an action to direct and can reduce actions that lead to acts of corruption. Therefore, that committing a crime of corruption is tantamount to carrying out an act of violation of human rights.

Research Methods

This study uses the literature method, which in this study seeks and examines information from journals, books, theses, scientific articles and information from the internet about corruption crimes and the efficiency of anti-corruption education in reducing violations of human rights.

Discussion

Corruption in Law and Human Rights Studies

Corruption is very interesting to discuss because this problem is related to people's finances or property. Corruption crime cases are very crucial actions that must be eradicated in earnest as well, through special courts, strict judges and with the sanctions given must be more deserved. Corruption comes from the word corruptus which means a change in behavior from initially good to bad. In general, corruption is an act carried out for the purpose of making a profit that is not proportional to the official responsibilities or rights of others. ¹ In addition, corruption can also be said to be a disease of society and if left unchecked, it will destroy a country. Because as a disease, therefore it needs a solution that not only punishes the perpetrators, but also by restoring the ills of society that trigger acts of corruption in the Indonesian state. After this corruption crime is destroyed by the correct and firm law enforcement officers, then the next task of a state and society is to grow through formal education, namely by providing knowledge about anti-corruption in the school environment, community education, and family education, which is the first step to prevent further corruption. According to Oemar Seno Adji, he argued that literally the word corruption is "rottenness, depravity, dishonesty, bribery, unethical, abuse of chastity, and reproachful words or utterances". ² So, that the topic of corruption is an act of misappropriation of the beliefs of the people for its own sake. Guarantees related

1 Kaaba, Rifyal. "Corruption in Indonesia." Journal of Law & Development 37.1 (2007): 77-89.

2Oemar Seno Aji, Corruption and the Burden of Proof, Oemar seno Adji & Partners, Jakaarta, 2006.

(4)

to the protection of human rights in society which are regulated in the 1945 NRI Constitution. ³ Human rights are still contained in the Basic Law because basically the Indonesian state as a forum for sovereignty often leads to abuse this sovereignty, therefore with a guarantee against the protection of human rights, therefore in the 1945 NRI Constitution it always lists the power of the issue. The purpose is to separate powers from being used at will, so a constitution is made. That way the regulation that regulates human rights is always equated with the entities contained in a law.

Human Rights is known as a principle of political ethics with a basic view that "there are hidden ethical provisions that are firm in keeping a person or group that is not strong from their solid conduct at will" whether in status, age, position, or even gender. Talking about corruption and Violations in Human Rights is an abuse related to the fulfillment of economic, cultural or social rights. There is a duty to the fulfillment of these rights which is followed by the method of state responsibility for the realization of a refinement and protection of rights contained in economic, cultural or social rights.

Basically, human rights are fundamental or fundamental. In this case the meaning of "right" is very coherent with "obligation", because a person has rights as well as obligations. ⁴ Which means that if we talk about rights we cannot separate ourselves from responsibility as well, because it is a provision. Usually people forget that they are screaming for the fulfillment of their rights, yet he forgets that he is also violating in the rights of others for which he is responsible. The problem of corruption that often exists in Indonesia is a very critical problem, because corruption crimes pose a threat to national development, stability, security of the Indonesian state, economy, and morals to the Indonesian nation. In this case, it is contained in Law Number 30 of 2002 which contains the Corruption Eradication Commission giving the task to the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) to conduct investigations, investigations and designations in corruption crimes. There are other obligations of the KPK, namely coordinating with authorities in eradicating corruption, supervising authorities in eradicating corruption, carrying out efforts to prevent corruption, and exercising control over government arrangements in the state. The existence of corruption and human rights violations cannot

3 Ryana, Pricilia, and Aisy Idzati. "Corruption in the Study of Law and Human Rights." Lex Scientia Law Review 2.2 (2018):

177-188.

4 Lawalatta, Oktovianus. 2013 "Corruption and Human Rights Violations"

https://fh.unpatti.ac.id/korupsi-dan-pelanggaran-hak-asasi-manusia/ accessed December 17, 2022.

(5)

be separated from the existence of power that may be out of control or misappropriation of power. The interest in regulating the authority to be able to respond to the problems of corruption and human rights violations is a strong society, a proportional press and universities that have a high quality of education.

CORRUPTION AS A FORM OF HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATION

The impact caused by the problem of corruption is not only related to financial losses to the state but, this also results in losses to ethics and morals and justice in the state. In addition, corruption crimes also have a complex impact on a country, therefore, this is a big problem that must be of concern to the government and all Indonesians. Legally, according to the considerations in Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning Amendments to Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crimes, that it is described about corruption crimes that arise in a creeping manner, this can not only destroy state finances, but has also become a problem about social and economic rights in the community widely or propagatively. To the perpetrator, corruption may actually be an act that includes violating one's own human rights, namely the right to have life, to be a dignified human being, to practice love, and to obtain autonomous justice. In addition to the whole people, all forms of behavior that enrich oneself by abusing the state budget can be said to be a violation of the right of citizens to responsible government. Although it is said to be a state finance which is considered no man, in the rights of citizens who rely on each rupiah can be misused. Thus, these rights are certainly difficult to form as long as the state government is trusted to be able to prioritize existing human rights. The control of the fundamental rights of citizens over the main public service sector by the organizers and officials of state government due to corruptive actions is not without consequences. All communities must be able to realize that corruption is a human rights issue. Each amount of money corrupted by state officials, even if done alone or together, is a reflection of the deeds for the second precept of Pancasila, which is in accordance with a Just and Civilized Humanity. This can be described as an act of corruption that is unfair to society. No matter how much money value is corrupted and however simple it may seem, it is an insult to human dignity as well as a violation of human rights. In this regard, the problem of corruption can be mentioned as violating human rights, namely when the criminal act of corruption has an ugly influence on social and economic rights on society. There are cases of corruption, economic and social rights in the community have been violated. Where economic and social rights in society are clearly rights that exist in human rights. In general, as is the case contained

(6)

in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), which human rights have been derived into two types of agreements. Not only that, the regulation on human rights in Indonesia has specifically been prepared in Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights. As well as the rights contained in Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning human rights are components that are included in the rights contained in various international human rights instruments, the International Convention on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the International Convention on Civil and Political Rights (SIPOL). The problem of corruption has violated the social and economic rights of the people. This can be said to be a violation of social and economic rights in society that arises due to corruption problems which are the benchmark for violated rights.

Anti-Corruption Education in Reducing Human Rights Violations

The movement against corruption must be jointly eradicated by the government and the people.

The severity of the KPK's current task to fight corruption cases that are increasingly spreading in Indonesia, so with this, a system is needed that can make all Indonesian citizens aware of eradicating corruption together. One of the more successful ways to eradicate corruption is through educational media. Through education all processes of attitudinal change can be measurable and educated.

Strategies of resistance to corruption can start from primary education, secondary education, to college.

This problem also makes the younger generation to improve behavior in strictly counteracting actions that plunge into corruption. In this case, anti-corruption karaktek will be more feasible if we as the younger generation consciously cultivate the ability of the generations to recognize the various weaknesses of the value system they inherit. Here are some benefits of the importance of anti- corruption education, namely:

1. Have effectiveness about corruption and awareness about the dangers of corruption. With anti-corruption education, the public can have correct information about corruption.

2. There is sensitivity and can detect early about corruption, be it forms, dangers, regulatory processes and others.

3. Can prevent yourself and others from committing acts of corruption, because acts of corruption will harm many parties.

4. Report to the authorities if there are or are known indications of corruption.

5. Can grow and develop an anti-corruption attitude in daily activities.

(7)

Knowledge in this case must be put to good use, as in the case of corruption crimes that not only study how to solve but with book education can be used as a guide in fighting existing corruption crimes. In addition, formal and informal education is able to teach anti-corruption education. However, as we see anti-corruption education is more effective when implemented and applied in formal education and schools because it is considered more positive and effective in preparing the younger generation with anti-corruption behavior. Generally, the education provided in schools focuses more on intellectual education because this is because education can fill the child's brain with various kinds of knowledge provided. Education in values which is included in anti-corruption training. Anti- corruption education is an element of the Education Unit Level Curriculum (KTSP) which has been ratified by permendiknas No. 22 of 2006. There are learning methods that can be applied by teachers to the learning process of Anti-Corruption Civic Education, namely at the initial level the teachers provide material on anti-corruption knowledge, this method is useful so that teachers can explore the information owned by students, and furthermore by providing concept-based learning. With the quality of quality education, today's younger generation who are educated become more moral and ethical individuals. On the other hand, if the quality of education is not of high quality or the quality of education is low, it tends to encourage more corrupt practices in the future. The anti-corruption education provided can provide a better understanding of knowledge about all types of corruption. The existence of anti-corruption education can also reduce violations of human rights, because anti- corruption education can develop and educate the morale of the younger generation not to fall into actions that indicate corruption, this can reduce anti-corruption actions that harm state finances widely.

In addition, with the existence of anti-corruption education, the next generation of the nation will understand earlier about the problem of corruption and not be reluctant to do this unfortunate act as was done in the previous generation. In this case, anti-corruption education not only provides knowledge, but also improves the mindset about models, as well as student behavior in practicing good life principles.

Conclusion

Corruption is a behavior carried out in order to enrich oneself or get results that are contrary to their duties. Various motives and reasons why someone commits corruption. The main factor is the existence of power that gives rise to opportunities and intentions to commit acts of corruption. In the

(8)

end, the position also causes a change in a person's nature from being initially good and honest can change to a dishonest or even arbitrary nature. With the existence of corruption acts, there is Law Number 30 of 2002 which contains the Corruption Eradication Commission giving the task to the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) to investigate, investigate and designate corruption crimes.

Corruption can be interpreted as violating human rights, namely when the problem of corruption crimes has a heinous influence on social and economic rights on the nation. Where economic and social rights in society are clearly rights that enter into human rights. In this case, the existence of this act of corruption by law enforcement must be more strict in following up on the case. Not only the role of law enforcement in this corruption problem, there is a more effective way to eradicate corruption, namely through educational media. Through education all processes of attitudinal change can be measurable and educated. Strategies of resistance to corruption can start from primary education, secondary education, to college. The existence of anti-corruption education can also reduce violations of human rights, because anti-corruption education can develop and educate the morale of the younger generation not to fall into actions that indicate corruption

Advice

In the problem of corruption, it is necessary to have the role of all parties, both from educational institutions, government, law enforcement, and from themselves. Attitudes in avoiding corruption problems must be fostered from an early age through anti-corruption education taught from the family or school environment. With the cultivation of anti-corruption characters in oneself from an early age, it is hoped that it will make the nation's generations a better generation and better know the dangers of corruption for the country.

Daftar Pustaka

Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2002 tentang Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi.

Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi.

Kristhy, M. E., Hakim, A. L., Widyawan, E., Claudia, C., Limbong, M. R., Sarvon, W., ... &

Mahendra, W. (2021). MENINGKATKAN KESADARAN MASYARAKAT UNTUK MEMATUHI PROTOKOL KESEHATAN DI ERA PPKM DENGAN MEDIA POSTER MELALUI WAGRAM (WHATSAPP, INSTAGRAM DAN YOUTUBE). J-ABDI: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, 1(4), 601-610.

Hartana, H. (2020). Existence And Development Group Companies In The Mining Sector (PT.

Bumi Resources Tbk). Ganesha Law Review, 2(1), 54-69.

(9)

Hartana, H. (2019). Initial Public Offering (Ipo) Of Capital Market And Capital Market Companies In Indonesia. Ganesha Law Review, 1(1), 41-54.

Hartana, H. (2016). Hukum Perjanjian (Dalam Perspektif Perjanjian Karya Pengusahaan Pertambangan Batubara). Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum (JKH), 2(2).

Hartana, H. (2017). Hukum Pertambangan (Kepastian Hukum Terhadap Investasi Sektor Pertambangan Batubara di Daerah). Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum (JKH), 3(1), 50-81

Kristhy, M. E., & Aprilla, A. P. (2022). Hak Atas Satuan Rumah Susun Bagi Warga Negara Asing Berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 18 Tahun 2021. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan, 7(2), 498-506.

Kristhy, M. E., Kristanto, K., Siswanto, E., Martono, A. B., & Nababan, R. M. (2022). Legal Politics of Regional Quarantine during the Covid-19 Pandemic with the Approach to Implementing Community Activities Restrictions (PPKM) Level 1-4. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal), 5(3), 18308-18317.

Kristhy, M. E., Afrinna, R., & Taka, P. J. (2022). BIJAK BERINVESTASI DALAM MASA PANDEMIK GLOBAL COVID-19. Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Undiksha, 10(2), 377-382.

Nurhayati, B. R. (2017). Constitutional Basis for the Civil Rights of Illegitimate Children. Pattimura Law Journal, 1(2), 118-130.

Nurhayati, B. R. (2017). Status Anak Luar Kawin dalam Hukum Adat Indonesia. Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum (JKH), 3(2), 92-100.

Nurhayati, B. R., & Purwanto, I. H. (2021). Juridical Study in The Application of the Law About Foster-Child Adoption in Indonesia by Foreign Nationals. Media Komunikasi FPIPS, 20(1), 51-55.

Nurhayati, B. R. (2020). Children Friendly Schooling to Fulfill the Right to Education. Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum (JKH), 6(1), 243-252.

Itasari, E. R. (2021). Kepatuhan Hukum Negara Indonesia Terhadap Icescr. Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Undiksha, 9(2), 414-422.

Itasari, E. R. (2020). Pengelolaan Perbatasan Darat Antara Indonesia Dan Malaysia Dalam Pemenuhan Hak Pendidikan Dalam Konstitusi Republik Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Undiksha, 8(2), 168-176.

Itasari, E. R. (2020). COVID-19 HANDLING IN THE BORDER AREAS OF INDONESIA. Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Undiksha, 8(3), 42-50.

Itasari, E. R. (2021). PROTECTING CITIZENS IN BORDER TERRITORY BASED ON HUMAN RIGHTS. Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Undiksha, 9(1), 27-32.

Itasari, E. R. (2022). KONSEP PENDIDIKAN DASAR DAN MENENGAH MENURUT KETENTUAN THE INTERNASIONAL COVENANT ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL RIGHTS. Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Undiksha, 10(2), 488-503.

Purwendah, E. K., & Wahyono, D. J. (2021). WASTE BANK AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO COMMUNITY BASED WASTE MANAGEMENT. Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Undiksha, 9(3), 930-936.

Purwendah, E. K., Mangku, D. G. S., & Periani, A. (2019, May). Dispute Settlements of Oil Spills in the Sea Towards Sea Environment Pollution. In First International Conference on Progressive Civil Society (ICONPROCS 2019) (pp. 245-248). Atlantis Press.

(10)

Purwendah, E. K., & Periani, A. (2020). FORMULATION OF LOSSES FOR OIL POLLUTION DUE TO TANKER SHIP ACCIDENT IN THE INDONESIAN LEGAL SYSTEM VALUE OF JUSTICE. Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Undiksha, 8(3), 1-9.

Purwendah, E. K. (2020). Persepsi Budaya Hukum dalam Merespon Pencemaran Minyak di Laut Cilacap akibat Kapal Tanker dalam Perspektif Keadilan Ekososial. Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Undiksha, 8(1), 93-105.

Purwendah, E. K., & Wahyono, D. J. (2022). WASTE BANK AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO COMMUNITY-BASED WASTE MANAGEMENT. Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum (JKH), 8(2), 10-17.

Hartana, H. (2018). EKSPANSI PERUSAHAAN GROUP DALAM BIDANG BATUBARA DITINJAU DARI UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 25 TAHUN 2007 TENTANG PENANAMAN MODAL. Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum (JKH), 4(1), 27-45.

Hartana, H. (2019). SEJARAH HUKUM PERTAMBANGAN DI INDONESIA. Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum (JKH), 5(1), 145-154.

Hartana, H. (2022). PENGEMBANGAN UMKM DI MASA PANDEMI MELALUI OPTIMALISASI TEKNOLOGI. Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Media Ganesha FHIS, 3(2), 50-64.

Hartana, H. (2022). IMPLIKASI EKSPANSI PERUSAHAAN GROUP PADA SEKTOR PERTAMBANGAN BATUBARA DI INDONESIA. Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Undiksha, 10(1), 251-260.

Hartana, H. (2021). EKSISTENSI DAN PERKEMBANGAN PERUSAHAAN GROUP DI SEKTOR PERTAMBANGAN. Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Undiksha, 9(3), 669-681.

Anonim, 2020. “Pendidikan Anti Korupsi Sejak Dini”

https://dindik.jatimprov.go.id/pak//blog/3/pendidikan-anti-korupsi-sejak-dini diakses pada tanggal 19 Desember 2022.

Asnawi, Habib Shulton. "Membongkar Paradigma Positivisme Hukum dalam Pemberantasan Korupsi

di Indonesia: Pemenuhan Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Negara Hukum." Supremasi Hukum:

Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum 2.2 (2013).

Cristiana, N. K. M. Y., Yuliartini, N. P. R., & Mangku, D. G. S. (2020). Peran Kepolisian Sebagai Penyidik Dalam Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga Di Kabupaten Karangasem. Jurnal Komunitas Yustisia, 2(2), 78-87.

Dwiyanti, K. B. R., Yuliartini, N. P. R., SH, M., Mangku, D. G. S., & SH, L. M. (2019). Sanksi Pidana Penyalahgunaan Narkotika Dalam Undang-Undang No. 35 Tahun 2009 Tentang Narkotika (Studi Putusan Penyalahgunaan Narkotika Golongan I Oleh Anggota Tni Atas Nama Pratu Ari Risky Utama). Jurnal Komunitas Yustisia, 2(1).

Mangku, D. G. S. (2017). Penerapan Prinsip Persona Non Grata (Hubungan Diplomatik Antara Malaysia dan Korea Utara). Jurnal Advokasi, 7(2), 135-148.

Mangku, D. G. S. (2017). Peran Border Liasion Committee (BLC) Dalam Pengelolaan Perbatasan Antara Indonesia dan Timor Leste. Perspektif, 22(2), 99-114.

Mangku, D. G. S. (2017). The Efforts of Republica Democratica de Timor-Leste (Timor Leste) to be a member of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and take an active role in maintaining and creating the stability of security in Southeast Asia. Southeast Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law, 13(4), 18-24.

(11)

Mangku, D. G. S. (2018). Kepemilikan Wilayah Enclave Oecussi Berdasarkan Prinsip Uti Possidetis Juris. Jurnal Advokasi, 8(2), 150-164.

Hati, A. D. P., Yuliartini, N. P. R., & Mangku, D. G. S. (2020). Tinjauan Yuridis Terkait Permohonan Suntik Mati (Euthanasia) Ditinjau Dari Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana. Jurnal Komunitas Yustisia, 2(2), 134-144.

Parwati, N. P. E., Yuliartini, N. P. R., & Mangku, D. G. S. (2020). Kajian Yuridis Tentang Kewenangan Tembak Di Tempat Oleh Densus 88 Terhadap Tersangka Terorisme Dikaitkan Dengan HAM. Jurnal Komunitas Yustisia, 2(2), 191-200.

Mangku, D. G. S. (2021). Roles and Actions That Should Be Taken by The Parties In The War In Concerning Wound and Sick Or Dead During War or After War Under The Geneva Convention 1949. Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum (JKH), 7(1), 170-178.

Pratiwi, L. P. P. I., Mangku, D. G. S., & Yuliartini, N. P. R. (2020). Pengaturan Terhadap Kedudukan Anak Di Luar Kawin Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010. Jurnal Komunitas Yustisia, 3(1), 13-24.

Prawiradana, I. B. A., Yuliartini, N. P. R., & Windari, R. A. (2020). Peran Kepolisian Dalam Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Tindak Pidana Narkotika Di Kabupaten Buleleng. Jurnal Komunitas Yustisia, 1(3), 250-259.

Purwanto, K. A. T., Yuliartini, N. P. R., & Mangku, D. G. S. (2020). Implementasi Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Narapidana Sebagai Saksi Dan Korban Di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas II-B Singaraja. Jurnal Komunitas Yustisia, 2(2), 113-123.

Putra, A. S., Yuliartini, N. P. R., SH, M., Mangku, D. G. S., & SH, L. M. (2019). Sistem Pembinaan Terhadap Narapida Narkotika Di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas IIB Singaraja. Jurnal Komunitas Yustisia, 2(1).

Putra, I. P. S. W., Yuliartini, N. P. R., & Mangku, D. G. S. (2020). Kebijakan Hukum Tentang Pengaturan Santet Dalam Hukum Pidana Indonesia. Jurnal Komunitas Yustisia, 3(1), 69-78.

Sanjaya, P. A. H., Mangku, D. G. S., & Yuliartini, N. P. R. (2020). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Gedung Perwakilan Diplomatik Dalam Perspektif Konvensi Wina 1961 (Studi Kasus Ledakan Bom Pada Kedutaan Besar Republik Indonesia (KBRI) Yang Dilakukan Oleh Arab Saudi Di Yaman). Jurnal Komunitas Yustisia, 2(1), 22-33.

Sant, G. A. N., Yuliartini, N. P. R., & Mangku, D. G. S. (2020). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Korban Tindak Pidana Penyalahgunaan Narkotika di Kabupaten Buleleng. Jurnal Komunitas Yustisia, 2(3), 71-80.

Yuliartini, N. P. R. (2016). Eksistensi Pidana Pengganti Denda Untuk Korporasi Dalam Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana Indonesia. Jurnal IKA, 14(1).

Mangku, D. G. S., & Yuliartini, N. P. R. (2021). Fulfillment of Labor Rights for Persons with Disabilities in Indonesia. International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, 10, 272-280.

Mangku, D. G. S., Triatmodjo, M., & Purwanto, H. (2018). Pengelolaan Perbatasan Darat Antara Indonesia Dan Timor Leste Di Wilayah Enclave Oecussi (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Gadjah Mada).

Mangku, D. G. S., Yuliartini, N. P. R., Suastika, I. N., & Wirawan, I. G. M. A. S. (2021). The Personal Data Protection of Internet Users in Indonesia. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 56(1).

Yuliartini, N. P. R. (2019). Kenakalan Anak dalam Fenomena Balapan Liar di Kota Singaraja Dalam Kajian Kriminologi. Jurnal Advokasi, 9(1), 31-43.

(12)

Yuliartini, N. P. R. (2019). Legal Protection For Victims Of Criminal Violations (Case Study Of Violence Against Children In Buleleng District). Veteran Law Review, 2(2), 30-41.

Dewantara, Jagad Aditya, et al. "Efektivitas Pendidikan Anti Korupsi Untuk Meminimalisir Tindak Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia." Jurnal Kewarganegaraan 6.2 (2022): 2727-2739.

Ka'bah, Rifyal. "Korupsi di Indonesia." Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan 37.1 (2007): 77-89.

Lawalatta, Oktovianus. 2013 “Korupsi dan Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia”

https://fh.unpatti.ac.id/korupsi-dan-pelanggaran-hak-asasi-manusia/ dikutip pada tanggal 17 Desember 2022.

Meirizka, Farah. 2021 “Pentingnya Pendidikan Anti Korupsi Sejak Dini”

https://www.suaraekonomi.com/pentingnya-pendidikan-antikorupsi-sejak-dini/ diakses pada tanggal 19 Desember 2022.

Oemar Seno Aji, Korupsi dan Beban Pembuktian, Oemar seno Adji & Rekan, Jakaarta, 2006.

Ryana, Pricilia, and Aisy Idzati. "Korupsi dalam Kajian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia." Lex Scientia

Law Review 2.2 (2018): 177-188.

Mangku, D. G. S. (2021). Pemenuhan Hak Asasi Manusia kepada Etnis Rohingya di Myanmar. Perspektif Hukum, 21(1), 1-15.

Mangku, D. G. S., & Itasari, E. R. (2015). Travel Warning in International Law Perspective. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 6(4).

Simarmata, Hengki Mangiring Parulian, et al. Pengantar Pendidikan Anti Korupsi. Yayasan Kita Menulis, 2020.