Myodocopid Ostracoda from Anchialine Caves: A Smithsonian Study

One specimen of the lava tube cladocopid Polycopiella is left in the open nomenclature as Polycopiella species A. 34; blue holes. These blue holes can occur on islands (also called inland blue holes) or in shallow waters of the. of the more notable blue holes in the Exumas is Norman's Pond Cave, located near the northern end of Norman's Pond Cay (Figure 1).* The entrance to this fault cave is a sinkhole 2 m wide and 8 m long, located just above the high tide.

The entrance to the cave is located on a hill, about 1 km from the southern tip of the island. The first underwater chamber of the cave is well decorated with large stalagmites up to a depth of 9 meters. MEXICO. – Mexican ostracods were collected from anchialine caves along the eastern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula in the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico (Map 2; Appendix).

FIGURE 1.—Profile view of Norman's Pond Cave, Norman's Pond Cay, Exuma Cays. Maximum water depth in the cave is 86 m.

QUINTANA ROO

Spelaeoecia capax Group (tip of posterior branch of copulatory organ broad (Figure 3a) or of intermediate

Boomerang-like clasper (right limb only) (Figure 3b): S

Spelaeoecia bermudensis Group (tip of posterior branch of copulatory organ narrow) (Figure 3a*)

Each lamella offiirca with 5 claws S. cubensis Each lamella of furca with more than 5 claws 2

The shape, ornaments, folds and glands are similar to those of the adult female (surface striations not shown in Fig. 1 lc). DESCRIPTION OF A - 1 MALE (INSTAR VI?) (Figures I5a~g, 16).—The armor is similar in shape and decoration to that of the adult female (Figure 15a). Mandible: Not examined in detail, but generally similar to adult (2 long basal basal setae, coiled around each other as in adult).

Fifth and sixth limbs: not examined in detail, but generally similar to those of adult females. Ganglion: Amber-colored ganglion proximal to the first antenna, similar to that of adult males. Except that the tip of the straight clamp is more rounded on USNM 194260, the endopodite of the right limb is similar to that of the types (Figure 18a);

Mandible: Proximal to distal tooth set with 6 instead of 7 cusps, otherwise coxal endite similar to type (Figure 18c). Basal: right limb of USNM 194260 similar to that of the type (Figure 18/); the left limb differs in having a total of 6 instead of 7 terminal cusps and in not having a lateral tooth near the distal edge (Figure 18o»).

Spelaeoecia capax Kornicker in Kornicker et al., 1990:23, fig. 14.

Adult carapace longer than 2.5 mm 2 Adult carapace shorter than 2.5 mm 3

Anterior margin of carapace with unbranched bristles; width of distal end of 3rd joint of 1st antenna about '/4 length of dorsal margin of joint; terminal joint of 5th leg with 4 setae D. Width of distal end of 3rd joint of 1st antenna 3 8% of length of dorsal margin of joint;. The carapace is oval in lateral view, except for a straight dorsal margin and a slightly concave anterior margin (Figs. 37,3$a,b).

Infolded (Figure 3$e,h): Broad infolded along the anterior, ventral and posterior margins, narrowest opposite anterior concavity, widest at the anteroventral corner. First antenna (Figures 3Si-k, q, 41a): 1st joint with terminal ventral spinular lobe overlapping the proximal ventral corner of the 2nd joint. 3rd joint elongate (width of distal margin 26% length of dorsal margin), with distal ventral setae with few spines, and spines along the ventral margin, on the medial surface near the ventral margin, and proximally along the dorsal margin (Figure 3Si- k).

5th joint short with long ventral terminal filament with minute widely separated minute marginal spines with terminal papilla. 7th joint with short distal lateral a bristles (with short spines) near dorsal margin, long medial ventral filamentous b bristles and longer lateral ventral c bristles (both b and c bristles with widely spaced minute marginal spines and with terminal papilla ), both longer than the hairs of the 5th joint; c brush almost twice length of b brush, proximally surrounded, filamentous. 8th joint with terminal d, e, f and g hairs (d brush reaching tip of hairs of 5th joint, filamentous, with widely spaced small marginal spines and terminal papilla; e brush same length as c - hairs, proximally surrounded, filamentous distally, with rather stout marginal spines and terminal papillae; f - bristles at slight ventral angle, shorter than d - bristles, filamentous, with widely spaced small marginal spines and terminal papillae; g - brush hair about xli length of e-hairs, filamentous, with widely spaced marginal spines and terminal papilla (Figure 38a).

Endopodite (Figure 38m,/?): 1st joint with a-bristles approx. V2 length of b brush, both with short marginal ridges. 2nd and 3rd joints fused; 2nd joint with long f- and g-brushes with marginal spines and terminal papilla (f-brush filament-like and about V2 length of g-brush; g-brush ringed proximally and filamentous distally). 3rd joint small with filament-like h-, i- and j-bristles (with very small marginal spines and terminal papilla) shorter than f-bristles.

Endopodite (Fig. 39/): 1st joint with 8 spinous setae (1 anterior, 2 posterior, 6 medial); 2nd articular with indistinct medial spines, 1 spinous posterior seta with base on medial side and 3 spinous terminal dorsal setae (1 clawed on articular margin and with distal rings, 1 medially ringed, 1 laterally ringed); 3rd joint medially and along the anterior margin of the piece, with 4 medial spinous setae forming a row and 3 stout terminal setae, all with short marginal spines.

FIGURE 37.—Deeveya exleyi. new species, holotype, USNM 194269, right valve, ov, anterior to right, length 1.83 mm.

Figure 60b,c): 1st joint bare; 2nd joint with long terminal filament-like bristle; 3rd joint with 3 bristles

8th joint: d- and e-bristles well developed in instar I; f-bristle appears first on instar III as short transparent bristle, and longer

ONTOGENESIS AND SEXUAL DIMORPHISM (Table 9).—The shells of all stages are similar in the distribution of processes and ornamentation. Article 6 with bristles first appears on stage III; anlage of the 6th arm was not observed in stage II. First antenna: Lateral bristle of 1st joint, observed only in adults but may be obscured in late instars; dorsal seta of 1st articular first appears on stage II.

Ventral seta of 5th articular first appears as a small unringed seta on stage I; seta only slightly longer on instar II and very long on later instars, while adult female has 1 long ventral filiform seta, adult male bears 3. Joint 8: d- and e-setae well developed in instar I; The f-bristle first appears in stage III as a short transparent bristle, and the longer one first appears in stage III as a short transparent bristle and longer in later instars and adults. Endopodite: 1st joint without dorsal seta on stages I, with 1 dorsal seta on stages II, III and IV, and 2 dorsal setae on adults.

2nd joint with 1 long filament-like hair in instars I and II, 1 long hair and 1 short hair in instar III, 2 long hairs and 1 short hair in instar III ?female, 2 long hairs and 1 minute in the adult female and 4 long hairs and 1 short hair in the adult male. Third joint with 3 hairs of different lengths in instars I, II and III, 2 short hairs in instar IV ?female, 1 short hair in adult female and long slender clasper in adult male. Fifth limb: 3rd exopodial joint with 1 long hair in instar I, 1 long hair and 1 short hair in instar II, and 1 long hair and 2 short in later instar and adults.

Endopodite: 1st joint without bristles; 2nd joint with 1 dorsal brush; 3rd joint with 4 bristles (1 very long, 3 short). Fifth limb: Exopodite (Figure 61/w): 1st joint with long dorsal bristles and 2 shorter ventral bristles; 2nd joint with short ventral setae. COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION. The Polycopinae include 14 genera of which Micropolycope Chavtur, 1981, and Polycopissa Chavtur, 1981, were reported from Bermuda caves (Kornicker and Iliffe, 1989c), Pontopolycope Chavtur, 1981, was reported from a Jamaican cave. Kornicker and Iliffe, 1992), and Eupolycope Chavtur, 1981, were reported in a lava tube in Lanzarote, Canary Islands (Kornicker and Iliffe, 1995).

DISCUSSION - The specimens were shown to two mollusk specialists, Thomas Waller (S.I.) and Robert Hershler (S.I.), neither of whom thought they were clams.

FIGURE 59.—Danielopolina exuma, new species, paratype, USNM 194421, Instar II (A-3) (sex unknown): a, complete specimen from right side showing 3 of the many surface reticulations, length with anterior process 0.37 mm, ov; b,c, right (mv) and left (Iv) of

Appendix

Station Data for Collected Specimens

4 May 1993, Norman's Pond Cave, Norman's Pond Cay, Exuma Cays, Bahamas; salinity 36 ppt; collected
8 May 1993, Oven Rock Cave, Great Guana Cay, Exuma Cays, Bahamas; salinity 35 ppt; collected with
1 Jul 1993, Temple of Doom Cenote, Tulum, Quintana Roo, Mexico; salinity 35 ppt; plankton net from
3 Jul 1993, Maya Blue Cenote, Tulum, Quintana Roo, Mexico; salinity 35 ppt; collected with plankton net
4 Jul 1993, Maya Blue Cenote, Tulum, Quintana Roo, Mexico; salinity 35 ppt; collected with plankton net
May 1994, Oven Rock Cave, Great Guana Cay, Exumas Cays, Bahamas; salinity 35 ppt; collected with
Aug 1994, Maya Blue Cenote, Tulum, Quintana Roo, Mexico; salinity 35 ppt; collected with plankton net
6 Jun 1994, upper and lower levels, Atlantida Tunnel lava tube, Lanzarote, Canary Islands; salinity 35 ppt;
9 Jun 1994, Cueva de Los Lagos volcanic cave, Atlantida Tunnel lava tube, Lanzarote, Canary Islands;
ppt; collected with plankton net from water column in 0-1 m depths
18 May 1995, Angelfish Cave, Stocking Island, Exuma Cays, Bahamas; salinity 35 ppt; collected with
18 May 1995, Crab Cay Crevasse, Crab Cay, Exuma Cays, Bahamas; salinity 35 ppt; collected with 93
May 1995, Oven Rock Cave, Great Guana Cay, Exuma Cays, Bahamas; salinity 35 ppt; collected with 93

Sta May 1994, Norman's Pond Cave, Norman'sPond Cay, Exuma Cays, Bahamas; salinity 35 ppt; collected Pond Cay, Exuma Cays, Bahamas; salinity 35 ppt; collected with plankton net from the water column and mud fires at 10-18 m depth in the first chamber. Sta May 1995, Angelfish Cave, Stocking Island, Exuma Cays, Bahamas; salinity 35 ppt; collected at Exuma Cays, Bahamas; salinity 35 ppt; collected with a feeding bottle from a sandy edge near the cave entrance at a water depth of 9 m. Stand May 1995, Norman's Pond Cave, Norman'sPond Cay, Exuma Cays, Bahamas; salinity 36 ppt; collected Pond Cay, Exuma Cays, Bahamas; salinity 36 ppt; collected with a rock feeding bottle just inside the cave entrance at 4 m depth.

Literature Cited

Adult male of the Troglobitic Ostracod Spelaeocia bermudensis Angel and Iliffe, 1989, from an Anchialine Cave in Bermuda (Crustacea: Ostracoda: Halocypridoidea). New Ostracoda (Halocyprida: Thaumatocyprididae and Halocyprididae) from Anchialine Caves in the Bahamas, Palau and Mexico. Ueber Cubanische Crustaceen nach den Sammlungen Dr. Wilkens, Horst, Jakob Parzefall, and Thomas M. Origin and Age of the Marine Stygofauna of Lanzarote, Canary Islands.

Mitteilungen aus dent Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut figure 1-3. Crustacea: Remipedia) from To Anchialine Cenotes in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Manuscripts intended for serial publication receive thorough review (conducted by their original Smithsonian museums or offices) and are submitted to the Smithsonian Institution Press on Form SI-36, which must show approval by the appropriate authority designated by the sponsoring organizational unit. Requests for special treatment - use of color, fold-outs, case-bound covers, etc. - require, on the same form, an added approval from the sponsoring authority.

Review of manuscripts and art by the press for series format and style requirements, completeness and clarity of copy, and arrangement of all material, as described below, will govern, at the discretion of the press, acceptance or rejection of manuscripts and art . The first page of the text should have the title and author at the top of the page; The second page should have only the author's name and professional mailing address, to be used as an unnumbered footnote on the first page of the printed text. Synonymy in zoology should use the short form (taxon, author, annual page), with the full reference at the end of the paper under.

Extensive notes should be collected and placed at the end of the text in a notes section. For book and article titles, sentence style capitalizes according to the rules of the language used (exception: capitalize all main words in English). Legends for illustrations should be submitted at the end of the manuscript, with as many legends typed, double-spaced, on a page as is convenient.

The use of the metric system of measurement is preferred; where use of the English system is unavoidable, indicate metric equivalents in brackets.