na-.., ot·T--PbUI Vn1ftNlt.J ln JUU&1 NIU1-I ot '1le ~t,a to• a

A

»1,1 .... ,1 •• , • ...,

., ...

.u,11111,1 ..

of tile

PMIM Gaoal Zeae •

..,,

... ai .. ~.,~

... ^,., . _- .

... !DIii

8"1111\1-4

'°a. ... , ., na-..,

ot·T--PbUI Vn1ftNlt.J ln

JUU&1

^NIU1-I

ot

'1le ~t,a

to•

a. 4._... ^ot

MUnaOPAll!8.

A

Blploallo Rlat.o.,

.,

tu

""'11.•ltJ.oa

., ....

···-··

•a•

^LaDII 8lYl .... - IJl4t ._14 U'nl'-4.•

•

TULi

or aon•n

Ohaf'-

. ., '' .

x.

.,;{,; ^11•MrtH1 ... .

Cll&p'MJI JI.,·~ l•.lt1u11Ul·na,1 .... , of

Sllllaa4 .. Ul•Ua.lt.altatN.

••a.

01-r...._1111. ... . ,..., . ., 18,0~

Aat••

'°8•11111..,.

^{m. ·· a.}

t.Nal.r

^~"•

._ llltl

^.ot

Mopt.loa

^a.

^{01-, ..} •

t

•• .., ... ., ... --- •t·t90t.

,

Gl&apMP _{-Y..uJ.a· ...}

n. ·-. unsw •••••

_{ll'M'I• Oenalr the}

..,4'"'

^hloaMa,

...

_1'

BUl.l..., 111

J

JU.aldltH•l .. USN_.•

OHAPtBR I.

H1•t,•p1eal Baekgroun4 •.

blor \o t.he exped.ltlon et••~

Cwt••• 1t. •• gener&1l7 l>elie'Yed

aa, ••-*•"

a aval\ ex11\ed.• 1eparat,ing t.he n•w1J

u ... ,..

•Nd. l.an4 ...

Th•

a&'t'iga\ON an4 ea,lor•N .,

\ha\ 4aJ had·aa -,,S.• ol1Jeo,1Ye, \he tln41ng

et

' '1•·'

'

t-b!• ,.

^{na~ wa\ena,.} Rown••• lfhen Oer\ee, at-

\er nuawou• expe41\1ona beoaa• 't'll'\uallJ •-~

Uaat. no auoh nt.•N&J u11t.e4 eoueoUitg tibe

,,we

oo•ana• b.e proposed ^\bat. one be oonet.ruet.e4,••the tlr1t, aan \o

•u.u••'

^an

ln\•rooeanie

eanal. ¹

CDs&rl•• Y,

Who•••

^{t,o \he} 8pan.1ah lb.Nile la 15161

b•••• ••'17

aueh lnt.ereatea. 1n \he proJeo\ an4 at

.no•

o$1'94 tJle go.eraora ot hle Aa•Pleu eolon-

t.••

·, ^{'lo h&Y• t.h• en\1N •••• ,} lln• ot the l•thlnl•

ot Pan&111& thorougbl.J a,loN4 ^and. uaa1ne4 nib.

-. •1••

^ot ueena1nin& \he beat,

and••'

^ooaYen•

teal mean• ot .. aneollng \he walen of \he AUu\le

and. Pao1t1o ...

a

BY-,

•1

aa4 rl•••

ao•a

) 1. Stuart, Graham H., Latin

Amer&a lltl.$111 JIIIMA

States. p. 56.

•

'•,'!:.

2 Report of the Is~1;)!J11M •• ,

l!alff&D•

^1899-

1901. p. 22 •

\bat ••ea•d. ln an, n7 t.o etter a abort.-, aoroae t.he

1•1.ba••

waa tueful.17 exaatae4 aa4

at\er·••••r&l aontha ot •ucdl 1nYea\1ga\1on, tov

N>•t••

^were 4tOD8l4fftkl aa praeUoabl•J D&rlan,

Pan•••

t&unt•P"• an4 Bloaragua. 1

Untorttanate17, Charle• ab41oa\e4 t.h• \h.rone ln 1555,

and-·

av.oeee4ed. bJ hl• Ion PhU1p II,

•••• Pol107 re1a,1Ye to t,b.e eanal. proJeo\ ••

•ppo11\e '- tll.at. •t ILS.a talhn. Phll1p helcl

'°

the 14ea tha1. an opening ^thNugb. \he 1•\h•

mu would afford rival nat.lona tavorabl• op- portunl\1•• t.o Y1a1\ 8pan1ab. po•••••lona, gain lntoNa\lon aa the1r reaouro•• an4 ul\1·

aa,e111M4 ^{\o -...} rur\henaore, he b.el4 that.

\he oonat.ru\1on ot an 1•\hm.1an oaaal woulcl 1M 1n 41No\ opp{ll1\1o.~ \he 1'111 •• 004, Who had plaoed.,;th1a battler 1n the wa.7 ot nav1ga1i1on

an4 \bat arr, aat.lon or people Who ahoul.4 atteap\

to reaov• 1, would lnov a1a Dirtn• _...,_, 2 Sueh a pollo7 PNTented ^&n:, tu.rt.her canal oona14•n•

I

,

\ton d.urlng t.he ^Nlgn of PhU1p II, an4 not onlJ was t.tll• \b.e .-1101

or••

go.,...,., 4'lJtlDg

U1 lltet.lae bu\ 1 \ eoa-t1m.t• \o 'b• \he 4ealaaat.

••tort.he \1f0 oent.vt•• f•llowlng hla death.

Howe,..r,

'Ill•

lnt.••••tlng taet.

^t.o

aol• 11

^\he.\

ut onlJ wae an 1nteNoe&n1o oanal look.a upa

tra \he -.r11ea\ till•• •• tea11'ble, "' \he tour

rout••

eoaat4we4 aoat

praot.leable up to ov ••

t.111•

••N' ^aaona

^{t.h• t1ra,}

w

^be

ooaald•.-4•

.. tUP\her 1n\aes, ot an,

ta.pens.a••

waa ,utn 1n the ooll•tnet.lon

ot

an

laWuliaa

oaa&l.

unt.11 VA• be&1na1aa of \he nblet..en\h

••'1117•

8'lr1ng \he ttnt p&I'\ ot that. oen\'UJ7 'the aote4 101ent.1s\, Ale.aaader ••n

._Mldt,

aft.er apedS.ng

••••nl 1••••

¹ⁿ

^Cent.Pal

^{and South .Aa•Plea,}

sa••

t.o \he worl.4 .-, 1ntereat.1ng report.a and 1ur•

·· ••1•,

ln wbioh k• ^s\Nngl.7 actvooate4 \he Oonl\Nt4~

tlon of &a ar\1tlaa1 wat,erwa7 "'""• t ...

oeeana. the t pu.-11•at1on• ot lwl'bel4\ "" ••

t.ena1T•l.J

.

rea4 and 414 aua to nvtY• \h• J.a.t.•za•

••t.

^•t •• •-•ro1&l naUon• 1D ibla

••l>Jeot..

, . .,.

..

., . .,

,·

The Spanlah sov•rn-, •••

at.

^{laat. arou1e4 an4 in}

April

1a1••

\he Cort•• paaaed. a ae&sUN prov141ng tort.he oon1truo\lon ot a oanal \hN,ugh th• 1ath- au.a an4 tor tJi• tol'alat.lon ot a ooap&nJ \o 'W14er-

\Ake \he proJeot. 1 Spaln. b.owe-ver, b.&4 l•l&JM

'°•

^{long an4} her opport.un1,, tor giving t.o t.he wor14 an 1n\eroceaalo oanal ha4 to~ev•~ paaae4, , • .,. a\

t.h,,

^tla.e NY01U\1onar, \NaoN ^11'8J'8 be-

g1nn1ng to be tel\ \hrougltoul b.er Aa•r1•&11 eolonleat, BJ

1a2, ~•

^{last. ot} ll•• 4•pend.ene1•• b.a4 t.hrown ott 111 tore1.p 7ok• an4 ••tabliahed 11• 1nd.epen- denoe.2 Dllr1ng the IIIN• hunclred. JM1"• 1n Wh1oh Bpa1n 4oa1na.t.e4 \he

•••Mai-n

^worl4 no aot.ual prog- r••• waa 11&4• 1n the wa7 ot com1eot.1ng \he wate1"1

of t.b• Atlant11 w1t.h t.he Pao1t10 and she ••tl:red

fPOII

\he•••••

leaY1ng 't.he ta.at tor a grea,er

&n4 aore energet1o nation.

2. Idem.

u

ouna

^II

larlJ Ja\ba1an D1pleUOJ ., Bngl.&114 an4 'I.he Vn1Md St.at.ea.

ft• Ola,ton•Bul.Wff fPe&t.J ot t850.

5

In •Jtd.•P t,o prep•rly appnelat.e t.h• full

•lgnltleanoe ot \he

••••t.•

1"41.ng up \e ^\h• taa- ou Gla7t.on•Bul••• 'll'e&'\J et 1850• \he t,reat.1 be- '"•• the

u.a.

^{an4 Dlglaad. Wh1oh} pro•• a ~1nd.Paaoe

\o 1ib.e oen•\ru•\lon ot an lnterooeanlo 0&11&1, 1\

1•

n•••••&PJ

\hat,•• know ••••thing et ^th• aanner ln wh1oh &NJ&t BP1\a1n eeet.lJ'ed her right ot oon•

IN1

•••r

•••t.1n et,pat,eglo pu-t,a ot Central Aller•

1can ^•011. Th• at.t.•pt,1 ot ^Engl~

.

^t.o obtaln a toot.•ho14 1n Cent.Ml .Aaerlea an\edat.•• the b1!"th or our Aller-loan goTel"nllen\ bJ •••• t.han a oent,t1PJ.

Her olalm• 46\e ae tar baolt aa ^\he 1nen\een\h oentur, and t.o a large ex\ent are ahrou4ed ln ob- aolll"lt.7, yet bf \he a1441• or t,he ninet-.en\h ••n-

t.v,.

relying upon

th•••

onoe vague and ln&left•

ntt,e olal••• ab.e had. ••t.abl1ahed her aovehlgn.'7 owr ^\hP"

••PJ

llaportant. ~• ot Central Aaer1oa, naa•11, Bell••• tJ:t.e B&J Ielan4a and t.he Koaqu1\o Sb.ore. 1

fll4' art.,1.a oeellJt&\lon et ^\b.•1• pl&eN

•• • tU.No\ Nault. ot •• •-NPlng •N 1ll Ille 014 wor14. ft• ooloala1 OOMeNl&l poll., of 8,ala, •1• tePl>a4e \Mb' oelonl•• '"4111&

.... O\b.el' OOIIIIVlN, .. a gN&\

,.,u,1ea

^t.o

tb•

P"P1• .r

o\hel"

oounbl••

lo lb.ar. lft

II••

Pl'ffJ>ePl\J 1'y plNt.lea.1 .. \Ilea. Tb.e GUiio•• of u.e 8paa1ah, eb1pa eout.et.e4 alatl.J la geld. M4

_...,. aa,

^{u t.la• wea\} •n ••1alll'ee 1Moaa•

1 ... fNfl\Mll\, 61oh 1n , ... le4 \he Brlt.la lo aue •et,\1--\e along Ill• oou\.

•

Th4t

anU••'- lMbg

^looa.'94 la ^\be Pleb ^aaboguq 41a\Jt1eu, t1H1'1&M fNII •• .,.,., Nglnnlng

w

eoon. lMoaM NrJ p ... pereua. ftlla p,01,ePlt.,, boWtt••• •• l>ntagh\ \<J &a en4

tor

a

\lme l»J \be Spaalah, who 1n 17)2 at.t.aaed lh• ••'•

u ...

U4 ... la 4r1Y1DS ^&

lus•

^n•NP

ot t,be 1n1Mtb1\.UU fNII lbelr

boll•••

^{Tn•lP U•}

pulaloa •• onlJ \-,ONl.fT tor

t,h.,

^{eooa N\vne4}

aa4 ""

•'bl•

^t.o c\etM\ a.11 funhv .,,_J,>\I •• , aplna\ \l'Mla.

t\ ••'no\ un\11 1T79, lh• ,..,. la

k."7 /

Wh1ob. the 8panlah al.11e4

th•••l•••

^•1th

^\her••-

01utlona17 oolon1•• 1n

•••1••• 'Iha'

tb.•111&4•

ane\her a\t-•p\ t.o 41alodge \he Brltlab, but,,,..•

••uoo•••tul. BJ \he trM\J ot 1783, wh1oh •-'

. \he Allerloan Knolu.tlon, GN&t. Brlt.&ln fflln- · ctulnthed 11bat•••r un1t.oP1al right.a ahe ll&J have

,

tlalae4 ln Oeat.ral. Aaer1ea .. ffie lft611•h 1 ae\t.lera, llon't'e11', ••r• granM& \he p1vUege ot ou\t.lng

•004 tor

4J1n&,

^but. tJlie Plght. •• onlf to 1M •x-

•N1ae4 1n a ^p&rt, ot Honduru, w1tib eer1,&1n •P••

eltl• boun4ar1••• 1'1\hln Wb.1oh \he woo4out.\era,

\hen 1oat.t.•N4 lb.N\16h \he oount.17,,.... NMIU1re4

\o Nt.tff w1a1n elgh\Nn aon\ha.

Bnglau,

tur-

\hU'lloN, agp1ted. \o 0. ... 11• 1be1:r tort.1t1oat.1ona 1f1'111n \he cU.•t.rlot. an4 l&at.l.J Peoogn1ze4 an4

4"l&N4 Spain'• righU\ot ··••Nt.ga\7. 1

1'o\wt.tha'8.ad.1ng \he aolean e\lpul&\lona ot \be \reat,7 et t78J, the Bnt1ah 11&4• no altor\

t.o N\1.re but. rather began 11owl7 t.o ext.ent.the1r

,,

•

8

. 1

lph•N• ot influ•n••• Thie l9 4 t,o ••• coapl1-

e&t.lena

'bet.•••

^{t.he \wo} pOftre·an4 '\ts• n-ae,ta- . U.-.. "11.1$ tolloft4 Oulalnat.-4 1a a IN&\J Which

•• tt.gn-4 &I ?Antlon 1n J"tllJ 1186. BJ ^\hie new

'"4'1

at 41awtot allot.t.e4 ^\o t.h• 1'0Cklftt.\ffa

wu

enlarged. and \hell' pr1'f1legea·n" 1nona.ae4, blil l\ waa on the other ^h&n4 det1n1t.e1J at.1p111at.- .._ 111&1 "&11 '11• net.P1o\1on• apeoltled 1n \be

'1'Mt1 ot

11e,,,

tor \he ert\1re pre1eftat.1on ot

~• rlgh\

or

th• lpanlah aoTerelgnt.7 •••rt.he NltllVJ' ,,.,..

eontlraed~a

Another ai-\1ole ot \b.e t,i-ealJ Nl&t.e4

,u-\1eu1&r1J ^\o \be IIOqulw oounwy, 1n Wh1eb.

8aigland bad. ••Nleed a prot.eo1'ol'&\e •••r \he In•

a.au and ha4 aae111ed t.hn 1n Neiett.ng the au- llloPl\7 ot lpatn 1 ln \hat. .. hie Brltannte JlaJ••t.r

.... eel 'lo pNh1blt, hl• ••bJeot,a

troa

tvn1ah1ng

&Ne or.atl1MPJ aupp1·1•• lo ~•

iauaa.•'

sneNJ.

1•n

lat.ff, 1n 1814₁

a,,._,,

Mt• 'M\ ... n atgl&a4 U4 8paln oontlftl.e4 V,.e t1Nt.

.., t. tip~., ot t.he Ieth. Oa.n. COIIPl•, P• 17. &lao,

Ji&rJ •• Wllllaae, Anglo• Aller. Iat.h. D1pl., p.11.

>

a.

^••P•

or

the Iat.h. Can. Ooara., p. 27.

J. Idea.

/

•

9

antol•

of \he treat.,

of

^tT86• Which :r-et..-N4 t.o t.he ar1,10 ee\\leN on Cenf.Nl Aaertean aou.J .,

'lllua, lt

at,

&nJ' ,,._ 1n th• p&a\ lpanleh

••nntgn-

'1 ^b.a4 'beo ... akened 1\ •• now rn1Ye4 &n4 4et•

ln1t.91J NOoani&N

'bJ

the Br1t1eh goyermuml.

Por

••••ral

^JMN att,er the \Ntat7 of t8t4 1 JGnglUl4 •••• ^{\o b.aTe} aan1teat.e4 11\\le or no lntrtNst. ln It.er ^tON4tJ' Oen\~al .Aaerteaa •pb.•N•

et 1ntl••~••• 1-,

no eoon•r

bad

the

..-S.lh

pro-

n.no•• aoqu1Nd. \bell' 1n4epen4tn" than ^llnglan4 began t.o Uaregard her tnat7 a\lpulattona. the pJIO\M,ehM O'NP 11.h• lloaqu1\o 8hc,re 1f&8 NT1Ye4 an4 ••• hffltol"l&l l'tght.•·we~•

••t

^{Up 1n len\ft.1}

AaeJtiM. the 1aek ot 1n\•N•\

ta

the J)U'\ of Ille

u.

I. ln \he la\hnl a\ lhla 11•••

uA•

th• ,011-, ot upau1on a

•at•

^{on• tor Gnat.}

^an,u.1n

^aa4

'"4u.UJ her 1ntlueno•

taoreaaecl. ²

luat at t.h1s po1n\ I 1ball le&T• ^Jllnglan4 wt\h ^he~ po1107 ot gennal aggNaa1on on Ut• 1•th•

•• ancl \um t.o the ear17 &tt.•pta ot lb.• 0n1, ..

St.at.es in

••flVina

11titua1aa

eon••••lona •

.la e&rlJ •• 1826 t-he Un1\e4 It.at.ea-·

l

tlftf.M!r.

l ... , . •• P•

j-t!:111111 f2.

Rl,Pl,1!1191 • 1815• 1915 • , 2

Bair\

^1[

MIi It\h, qy, 9a•

1599.1901.

··"/

1nY1\e4 t,o ••n4 4•legal•• t,t,t t.h• Pan&aa Con•

are•••

^a oonTen\lon wllloh

na

^ealle4-,

&•-

era.l lol1T&P tor t.he purpeae ot oou14ertng &a_;

lnt.erooea.nJ.o oaaal

acN••

^t.h• Gent.NJ. Aaer1oan ta'1ulua. ¹

to

Ia reaponae

t.

t.hia 1nY1'8.t.1on, Pr•••

l«en\ A4am• appo1nt,ecl •• Aaiera•n and. Kat. B•r- ge&nt t.o repnaent. \he Aa.erioan gnernaent at

\he oo~••• but, onng to a\Hng oppoa1\1on 1n

\he aenat.e \he oont1l'll&\1on ot \he 4elegat.•• ••

ola,e4 and t.he:, •••• no\ ••nt. va\11 lt, •• \oo 1&\e \o part,1e1pat.• 1n \he •••t1ng. 2 .111rho\18ll

t.lle U.1t.e4 8\&"8 pl&Je4 u pan 1n t.he Clollgreaa,

lut.N•'1ona g1nn t.h• NpNtaen\at1••• 11 wor\hJ of aot.e. •• Olar, leoHt.&rJ' of 8\a.t.e,

\lpOll Vi•1r clepart,ve gan lrh• the telloWlftg 1a ..

•INO\lOMJ

•it

t.b.18 ... , obJ••' •hould .,.., N .,.ooapl1abe4, 1\ will 'be 1nM:rea\1ng, 1n a great,-

•• or leas degree ^\o all part,a ot the world., but,

\o \h1a oont,1nen\ wtll probablJ &fffte \he larg•

f Hart., Alb•r\ B.

lit IMEAI ilak&AI•

^{P• ,,.}

a

^{D14. P•} 96.

/ ^\

"

••• aaoWlt. of IMnetit. from it.a ueout.ionJ 11114 t.o Celeabla, Kexlc•, th• Oent.nl All•rtoan: Jlepub-

11•• Pew an4 the Vn1~e4 It.at••• more \ban t.o an, otthei-ot the Aller1eaa natlona •••••

u

^t.h•

^work

shottl4 eye_. 'be exeouled •• as '\o adalt. ot t.he pat••

age of

••a.

^{•••aele} troa ooean t.o oe••• the

ben••

tit of 1t ought not. ^lac, be •xolw11vel7 appnprtat...i f4 anJ' o•• nation, but ahould be ex\-494 '- all part.a ot ti.he &l~N wpcm p&J'llent. ot

a

J••'I ooapea-

••t.S.011 OJ' ••a.•on&bl.•

toll•••• fh•••

1aat.Net.tem

'1ho•

th• at.t.1t.u4e of the Un1t.e4 s-.awe at t.bl•

earl.J 4at.e 111 ~•I'd to an 1at.bm1an oe.nal an4 u.rk t.h• par\1&1 &wakMlng or t.h• Aaerteaa peopl•·lo

1a\ha1an.

attain.

Jn 18'5, the Goagreaa ot 'lib• llepublle

ot Oent.nl Allel'"10& agatn \lame4 1o·t.h• Ull1t.e4 It.at.••

an4 at, th1e till• ettftNd. \o grant

w

^{\he gove-.ent}

\he r1ght. to oonevuot. a

--.1.

^{2 ta ·i-.}

^•

^poaae

^{w .}

t,t,J.• aot.1on the Beat• on Karob

J,

^1835, pa.ea.« the tellonng Nlolu\1on; •baol.,._, that t.he Pret14ent.

tit \he Un1te4 St.at.•• be reapeo"fUllJ Nqtaeat.ed \o

/J

11

•ona1der \he expecU.ene1 ot ep•nlng JUtlOtla\len•

w1\h \he so••ffllll•nts ot o\hw na\10-. ati4 par\1••

\lla.rlJ w1 t,h t.h• goveft11lenta ot Genval Anaer1G& . an4 ,,

••• &ranada, tor the pu.rpoee ot etteo\uall.J PN•

teot.1ng, b7 au.1'8.ble t.N&\7 e\1pulat.1ou wtt.b

'11••

auoh 1n4uatrlala or oompan.1•• ••--, ua4ertake t,o

open auoh a ooaunlea\lon lMt\ween 'lb• AUan\1o·an4 Pao1t1o

•••an:•,

^bJ' the MaetPUOtlon

ot

^{a ah1p tanal}

aoroaa the 1at.hlme Which eonnoots Xorth and Sou.t.ll Ame:rloa, and or ••o~t.ng toreYeJ.ft, b7 auoh at1pula- tlona t.h• tNe and equal rlght, ot navs.&at1ng suc,b, oan&l t.o &11 auoh nat.1oaa1 •• \he Ja,aent. ot auoh reuon&bl•

toll••• aa,

b4a eetabllahed, to

ooapea-

sa.t•

the oap1\a.l.1a\a 11bo-, 9J1gage 1n eu.oll under-

\ald.ng &n4 ooaple\e \be work•. ¹

In o1"4«H• to oarr, out 'tthe wish at th•

Senat.e, 1res1den\ Jaokaon a-ppo1nte4 •• Oharlea B1441• \o ll&lte an lnveattgatton

ot

u-ane1t rou\ea.

Jbt. B144l• t•tle<t ^t.o Oa:t!"l!f •U\ tbe 1na'il'uo\1one glY•

en him 1n t.ha\ he wen\ t,o P&nMA ln•t.ead ot ^H14&- ragu.a an4 theN MO'U.Nd a oonoeae1on Whlob. bad bffn grantM b7 Bollv&r ^t,o another pa.rt.7.2 The Vn1tect

2

IU,

gt

'Al

Illa

Na 11. IIOlbttM&Sh Sill•

^{P• 61 •}

/ '}

'... -~ , ,

---

. '

.,

It.at.••

Gt,...._ent, NpWIS.a..,_ Mr.

^81441•

ant

4••

olat'tt mall an4 'fold. al1 11&&1, >te lla4

«-•

^{0a laa-}

u.a17 9, 18"7, a

••IJM6•

^{as sent, \o} the Bena\e lo t.be etteot, ~t 1 t. hs not upe41en'\ at. t.b.a., Uae lo

cm'i4tr 1n.\o nego\1at.lona Wlih toNlgn goT•l'D'llaaU

"1t-h reference \o:.. traaalathluan wat.ttna1. ¹

Th• tollc,wlng 7e,u,, 1n. Janu.r,

,a,a,

Aana Oluk, u,-r ot

•••

l'••k 1n oom.panJ With an.-- ot pl"Oll~Clt ••• 'loPk: and. 1b.Ua4elpb.1a 01,11.u Pl"ff•I- ... \h• aub.l•o• to

th••--• ^ot

Jlepftaent.at1Y•• la a

••ortal, 1n Wbioh tdt.97 at.t.eap\ed. lo &rouae-.

1•••·

ernunt, t.o th• gpMt,

1-POl'WaO•

et an 1e'illa1aa _; ellllAl _'

1· aa4 NMJo••n4•4 \ha\ z:wgo\1&t.1on• be

a\••••.,_..

With

law O•u.&4&

am.

^Cent.Nl

Amenoa

an4 tile....,._

ut.ie,y ,_.

tk•

P1U"PO•• •t enwi-tng 1a\o aa ...

·• ·..

tor tihe pftl1l0t,1on ot \he oonaV11ot.lon ot a .. ~. 2

1 ~'

;_ Jlptb1ng of 1raport.anoe na\11 W4 lJl thl• ₁ other \ban

''

':

\hat,

Oongreaa nqu•'MA

Vl• PN•l4-\ \o •Pfll er ...

t.lllue cego\1&\ion•

wt'1b.

^{tONlp na,1ou} aeooNlng-..

, ..

~• terms ot the toraeP Sena.\• reaolu\lone. 1

In

1e,9

Pre•lden\ Va.ii Buren an\ 11r. Job.a L. St.•phena to t.he ist.hm.11.e i.o oarry out t.he won : wluotl Mr • .81441• had ta1lod. to do a. tew 7e1.ra be•

ton. B• repor\ed the 11caragua rout.• to be tdl•

aoat favorable one ^~nd tatiaated t.h• conatruo\lon of a oan&l to be neu $25,000,000, but &t the ....

tue he 41tcouraged aach an ud•rkk1ng at

pr•••••

4ue io the unstable cond1i1on ot \he OGW!'lU'J.a th1a Npor\ ••eaed \o h&Ye ~•acl.•ned AaePlean 1nhr-

••t.

¹ⁿ ihe 1sthmtia, tor 1t. n.a not. until a deea&•

la.I.er 'that 1.h• goT&rmaent, took a.noiher 1\ep in

·Ua&I

cUJ-G•tlOl'h

Ho""••• 1n ^{t.he 7MP} 1846, Aaffloa a\ la.I'\

b•o--• tv;J.ly a..rouaed. to the 1raport.anoe of eecnu-1ng tor h•rs~lt an 1st.hm.1aat eonoeulon. Th• Ilngltah ha4 by \'ble \iae l>J t.hetx- &6&1'•••1 ^Te polieJ ••o\lN4 a grip on \he tatmma ot at.tangua an4 nn \houpt. t.o bave 1n 111114 \he u1,1U,• ••lave ot ~. J.t th•

Un1\.ed. St.aft .. Goyernaent. ever upeot,ed ^\o

•••urea

1

la•·qt

^.Yl!

l!\la Ill• Ill•

f899•1901. P•

:,o.

2 l\uart., Grelula H.

fd:M!I. MH1t& - tcbl JlDl)!A l~I•

P• 59.

I ^_I

.,

oanal cono•••loa 1t aua, done at onoe. Du• to t,he tao\ that. th• Jlexioan War had Juat begun 1t ••

deeaed lmd1ploaa\1o to a\\eapt nego\1at1on• tor the Nloarag\1& route, which 1n &ll probabllit.7 woul4 lead

t,o aer1oua voubl• alb. Grea\ Br1\a1n relat1Ye ^\o h•r Moaqu1to cla1ma. Therefore, \he .Aaer1oan gov"

•Pnaen\ turned 1\a a\ten\1on tot-he Pawa rout.e.

Iba\ pa.r~ ot t.he 1at.baua

waa

th•n un4er the

•o••r•lgn•

\7 ot ••• Gra.nacl&, t,he preaen\ Oolwab1a. 'lb.• gov•

el'lllaent ot

•••Gran.ad.a••• glad

to aeoep\ ov•rture•

troa ^t.h• United Sta\ea tor an en\erpr1•• wb.1ob woul.4 r••••tabl11h her proaper1\y and a \r•a\7 wb.1oh woul.4 proteo\ her troa torelgn eno:roachllen\e. '11\h bot.b.

ooun\r1ea anz.1oua tor th• t.reaty nego\1at1ou weN

&\ once begu.n and i-ap14ly aoved torwal'd to a

auoo••••

'.:,!:, - _· ^1'•· tul~i_oullll1nat.1on on June 10, 1848. ¹ Th• ra\1tloat1on

: ,~~~tt/'

·· -1 ot ^\hla ooapaot, ft&l"ked. \he dawn et a new epa 1a ov r•l•t,1ou with Oent,ral .Aaer1ea, in that.•• tort.be

t1rat. tt1m• W •••UNd a tlna too\b.old on \he 11\ba\&1.

A por\1oa of Ar\1ol• 35 of t.b• t.N&t., N&4a

•• tollo••J

•n•

Gov•rnm•nt.

of•••

GP&aa4&

guarant•••

\o '\he Go••rna•at. ot_ \he Un1t.ed S\at.••• \hat \he 1 Moore, J. D.

II\, LIi ilitli•

Vol. III. P• 1•

I

,,

right, ot wa, or tranal\ aero•• \he IaViau ef Pan.•

am.a upon &DJ ao4ea ot ooaaw.,.loallon·\h&, now·ex1at,

or

^that, U7 b•,

hereatt.er,

c0cnat.NO\e4,

•hall

be opu and tne t4 \b.• Govemment, ant o1 t,la.u •t ^\he United St.at•••• and ln re\um tor tdl1• ••n••••1oa

t.b.e aaae art,1ol• tv\h.er

ea,••

^11\he Ull1\ed. It.at.••

g11111'&D.t•••

poa1\tve1J &n4 ettloaoloualJ t.o ••• Gl'Ul•

&da, by t.h• pNaent, •t.1pulat.1ona, t.h• pert•ot. n•v.•

t.N.11\J ot ta• oefoNaen\1one4 Ia\bav.a, •1th \he . view 'ttha\ t.h•

tr••

^t,ra,na1\

trora

^{\he on• •n4}

'°

^\he

olh•• ••• aa1 not. 'N 1nt.e~\e4 or

•~N

1n

&DJ tut.UN t.lae Wldl• \hie t.nat.7 exla'kJ aa4 1a ffll•

•eciueno•,

t.h• Unlt.N Skt.••

&l•• p&N,Dt.•••• ^{1a \he}

•aa• IIUU'le.r, tile r1gb.t.a.: aoYeNlga\J an4 pn,-rt,7 wh1oh Kew Gl'W4a Ma an4 "•••••••overt.he aal4

t.err1,.,.,.•

¹

11&Nll7 b&4 the t.Na\J been nt.1t1M bJ ~•

... go••rmaen\1 ut,11 1t.• 1ap0rt.ano• wu , .. utrat.•

•4, 4ue t,o \he 41acover, ot gold 1n Oaliton.1.a. lb.•

ext.NII• 41tt1CNl.t.J

qt

•••l'laad\r&Tel IIA4• tll• •••

rout.••

^w1trh

a •urt'puaage aeNae

Pan ... , \he

••t.

praot.le&ble ~lgb.wa, to \he gol4 ael.411.² Ia 1855, an 1

ltls 9t !el b91\M 9tn, la•

t899•t90t. p.445-52.

2 l&t!u Altr&t! M4 \Ill U, 11

s,un.

(h II. P• 60.

/ / /

,., ...

IT .-enean eoapan,,

••l.J'lng

^{11poa th•} new,,....,,,•••-

1\ruoted a rallna4 aoN•• \he l•lb&U• t.n4 t.111• PftV•

eel. t.o ^{1N ••} of ^t.b• aoat. prot1\&b1e ot lln••

•Y•P

oona\ruot.ecl. 1

•• aooneP ^h&4 \he ^Un1t.e4

St.at•• •••UN4 ••

PUAII& •on••••ln

Illa••

oaat a wiattlll

•1•

^'\o

•1•-

uagu. In 1848• &rea\ Brl\&111 toroe4 the l'loar&•

suan•

^t.o w1th4raw troa Juan 4el •or\• (ttffJ'\Oa), Wh1oh waa a o•rt.a.1n teftllmta of QJ 1a'ttmllaa oan&l ,U..,Oup. •t•&N&taan \ettlWl'J. 2 Ihle ae\1oa eauee4 Pre114en\ Polk ^{\o ••• ••} &l.1Ju 111••• aa a 1peo1al

&gen\

'°

^{•1earagua 1n tt\49,} &4Y1a1ng h1a 1n 'flgaou

, .... aa·tollon1 •a• ^olJJ••t.

^•t

^ei-eat,

^11'1\t.1n

^ln

\hil ••lave 11 ••14ent, tNII \he ,-1101 Whlell ahe Jau

unltoral.J pVataM \hriughout. her hlsW1, et

••t•ln&

u,oa

•••PY

available eouero1&1 poln\ 1n \he wer14

1ffl.4tllff•r 01NUllllf.aaO•• haYe pl&OM 1, 1n her pctQP;

an4 new lt ,e ... her ev14ent.

pUPpO•••

b7 aenatng V&e t.1\le ot pn\eo\ol' OYV a a\leMble, 4•15ft4ff• an4

1U1gnS.t1Ma\ v1i.. of In41au,

'°

aequlre an ab••·

l11t.• 4oa1alon over

\he.,.., ut.en,

of••

ooaa\

la

1

^I\UPt.,

G. I. '-!\,

Mitt Mt&

Mt,9 iel• P• 60.

2 lb14. P• 61.

18

Hloaragu.a, and '9 obM.in oont.Nl ot 'Ill• rou\e toP a ra1lroa4 and oan&l 1>1tt.ften ta .1,1ant.lo and PaoU•

lo oceana.• 1

•• H1•• lett. tor 1'1oaragua with vt1'7 vague arut 1ndet1n1t• 1natruot1ona trom hla govemaen\ aa t.o what pc,1107 h• ahoUld. puraue, ot,ber than a T&g'Cle 1apl1ett.t.1on that t.he Kon.roe Doot.rln• ahoUlcl be up-

held and that. h• should negot.1&\e a t.Nat 1 w1\h llo- aragua. 2 •• Hl•• waa aucc•••tul la nesot.1at,lng a

\rutf: •1th Berur,ent.UJ'& 111ft, the npresenta\1Ye

et

. ,. ,."P.

\he

•loaraguan

CO't'el'llllent, on lune 21, 1849, 11b.loh gave ,o t.he Un1t.e4 8kt.•• praot.10&11J t.h• ••• ~ts aa t.b.o•• ob'61ned tNll ••• G:ranac1&

'bJ

tbe

\H&'J ot

1846, ln \ha\ "Th• &\ate ot 11earegua ••4•• &D4 gNat.a

t,o the Ull1te4 8\atea, oP '8 a ob.art.ered ooapaa, of \he c1\1aena \heNot, aa 1.he •••• uy lM, &bao1ut.el7, &11 th• land that,

••J

'be Nqv.1P9d. tor ^\he 1oeat.lon &114

oonat.l'uot.lon ot aa1d. oaaai, ^roa4a• •'-•" an4 111 eoa•

a14erat1on tor \h1a oon••••lon •th•-Un1tM It.at.•• et Aaer1oa .. lb ••leanl.J aaN• ^and un4ert.at• t.o pro\"\

aa4 defend the 8'8.t• ot lloarae• in the poase111oa

1 lobntoa, w1111a _{,. 434.} net.ether.

av, ^{ht, Illa}

^{!Ri• I.}

a

St.uart,

o-.

B.

W:1

1

.611£

1 !lJQ

\lit llel•

P• 61

and. exero1•• ot the eoftNip'J &n4 d.om1n1on ot all the ooun\r,. eoaat.a, port.a, la&•, river•• and. t,e._

r1\or1•• ^t.ha\ PJ be r1gb.Vully uad.eP t.he Ju1141e ...

t.ioa and 1'1\b.in. the Jue\ and Vt&• lla1t.a u4 boun.4.-

1•,,;_

a.r1ea ot \he eaid at.at.e.• 1

Th•

t.Na\7-.

ln

d.lr .. , oppoe1t.1on t.o t.h• Bit1t.1ah 01a.1as, 1n that t.he noog- n1zat.1oa ot BS.eanguan ••••r•J.gn\J oYer Vt• OVl'b- bean eoaat. ns a ooaplet.e dental ot \he Jbtl\1eb. pro•

t.eotorat.e oTer \he *•qulto ahor• ^and turtheNON, the 11.&kltJg or &NJt.own a tn• ^{pon wid•r} .Aaerloan proteot.lon oould

0'41/be

oonat.necl bJ the BPlUall goveruen\ •• an lntoN&l not.toe t,o Nlinclulah 1\e bol4 ^UPoD \he

\own.

fll• ^\rN.\J

wa•

^{••nt. \o} 1f&lh1ng-

\oa 'IN\•• not approved bJ t.he adllln1a\ra\lon.

JT•••

14en\ Polk 41d not even

••n4

1\ tot.he Senat.. ₁ an4 1\ 1• Well he 414 l'l0\ 1 tor- it 1t. had been rat.1f1e4, war be\ften Jlnglan.4 and. the Unlt.M l\&t.1 •oulcl po11-

1bl7 have NG the Nftlt.. 2

The a4ala\ratlon ot 1Nald.-nt Ta,lor now oaae ^1n\o ott1o•

and.•• Kl••••

^{at ono• reoa11e4}

'

fro.a 110&Ng\l&. belng aue, ... bJ Mr. •• G. SqulN.

' Mir,,.,. 811•

Johnaon, •• P. Vol. I. P• 436.

ao

xr.

Squ1N on belng aent t.o t.he la\lunta •• 1na'U'IIO\•

ed.

1tJ

^Jbt. Clayton, Se@et.arf ot St.at.•• ^1,o aate a new vea.t.7 wl\h. K1oa.ragua wh1oh wouJ.d. aaev•

•"w

P1&Jl\

ot t.raae1i tor all nation• t.b.Pough a o&aal 1fbieh ab.oul.4

be h•p•PM bJ no re1tr1et.1ona, e1tAttr troa ib.• loeal gonnaen\ or fl'OJI \he ooapa.n., wh1oh ehoul4 \Ul4ff'\&u

t.he

won,.

^{and &110 •not \o lnYOl'f• th.la oounU7 1n an,}

ent,angl1ng &lllane•• or arr, urm•o•••&PJ

oont.roTere7.•

¹

•• Squ1N •oount.eN4 no dltrleul.t.1•• ln nego\1a\lng a new t.re&\J baaed upon tbe inat.ruot.lona et•• Ola,•

t.en. B• op-.J..J an.4 oenuaect lh•

auN••l••

,c,1107 Gt &reat DJ-1\aln a.ad n lti,t.•tMr

a-:,, u,.,. ••-

ovet "1• ooneeaalon d.ee1re4 IQ' hi• governaent. In t.hl• t.r•a\J the Un1te4 8\a.tee aeoure4 Ute rlgh\ tie

oonavuo\ a oanal at an7 point. on \he ta.lbbMa .... ,.

1rreapeo\1v•

o"

llr1\111h

elalaa,

^'\ct an, ,o1nt.

on

the

oppoa1t.e aide; \he •onopel.J ot •t.Naa n&Tlg&t.lon oil

&11 •teangua lak:•• an4 r1Ten, and t.h• P1ghl

to

'kk•

land tor ^eaa&l

plil:Ppfl•••• ^In

eon114eratlon ot

t.tt•••

gnnt,a \he Un1\'"1 at.at.ea reoogn1zM Nle&J'agua•a rlgh,a ot

••••••lpt7-aa4

^agl'ff4

'° ^PN'"' \h•. ²

t

Jehaaon, -.~. tav, ^{la£, W•} Yol. %. P• .,6.

2 14•·

,,,,/ ~-

21

Xo\ on.17 dld JDt. Sql.d.re negot.ta,• a \r•at1 w1t.b 11oaragua, bu, also one wl'lh Jlea4tl.rai, aJ.\ll.usb, be waa v.nauthor1aed t.o do to.

Bond'tl.N& s•v•ma.•nt. oeded Tiger

t•land

^{t,o ••} tJn.1t,e4 St.atH goYe:rnment. tor a peJ'1o4 ot eJ.ghl•• aontha, p•n41ng \he :ra\1t1oatlon at \he treat,J. Th• treat.,, 11.k• t.he Bl•• \Nat.7, waa n•T•r rat.11'1•4 by tb.e

s-..

a\e. ¹ On lb• b&eia

or

oena1n ol4 olalma tor 4ebt.a, Great, a-1\&in had tor aoae t.1me pl&ml-4 ^\o ••t.z• '1'1•

1al&n4,. ^&nd when \he negot.ia\J.on• be\ .. en •• 8qll1N and th• Honduran oou1aetc>ner bff&a• ltltoft, Engl.&n4 at once aen\ a tl••t \o Hon4'l&l'an Wat•••• The l•laa4 na

••1•M

^and. the BP1\1ah nag ho1ate4. lb-, Squ1N a.tone• 1a•u•d a now ot pN\•at. 1n 1fh1Gh h• 4-...n.4•

e4 th• 1'1\hdrawaJ. ot the Br1t.1ah fleet.. Thla,J:ng•

land i-etuaed. ^\0 do &n4 •• 8Q.a1re in a ••oon4 MM 1ntoftle4 \hat goY•rnaen\ that 1t th• aquadl'oa wu no\·

w1t,bd.rawn W1\b.1n

,u: ^4aJ••

\he ao\ wo\lld be •one14er-

e4 untr1NIG.J and ~••lve. 2 Sueh waa t.he acut.e sttuat.lon, When dlploa&cJ 1nMneaM a\ Waeh1ngt.oa t.o allntat• th• 1nteu• feeling a1oh had ansen on the 1•thau•• Mr, Ola,'-1, '1'1• .Aaer1ea.n leore\&17

1 Moore,

J.B. m.&a,lt 11)

1

Iii!• ,.

135.

2

Johuoa• w.r. :ft:Ul:e liEa a,1.

Vol. I. p. 4,1.

-·· I

aa

of Stat.e, r4t.allaed. tJ2.at ••• k1n4 ot an agrt,•eat,

uat. 'N brought, about at one• ·an4 0"1ered Ill'. L&w- r••••• the ^Unit.eel 8\&t.•• a1n1s\er at Lend.on, ta lll- a4t41a\elJ 41•e,•• the

,1,uuoa

^Wit.It the 1r1,10 s•Y•rm&•nt. ••• in an Ut.•"1•• wtth X.l"4 Palaera- toa, ^t.h• BP1\1ab torelgn 111alet.er, dellUAN '11,at,

GPH\ Brl~ln wtt,hclN.w b.e:r pNt.•et.orate

tro•

\he

•o•tulto \ettl\or,. Tble,Lord Pala•r•toa NfUH

to'°• and

t1l'llly 4eolar•4 t!lat t.h• poller ot ht•

geyernaen\

wu

^\o reti&1Jl all t.eJtrl\ol'J tt, had o1•1 ...

ed. 1 'Ill• ao\ual extent. ot ^Br1ti11h ol&lal 1n Oenual Aaer1oa • '11.1• \lae, Juat prior lo \be Cla,t.oa•B'IAl-

••r tNa\J, waa ra'lheJft 1n4.t1n1\e, 1•t. 4et1n1\• enough

\o pl'Ohl'blt. Vt• 11111\ecl 8\at.e• tl'ell hav1ng a tft• b&a4

1n ill• oonavue\1en ot an 1atduatan eanaJ.. !he 1aa- alu poller ot Great Br1tala had be-. on•

ot

gradual aggN•alon, t.h\la a&klng lt. 41tt1olllt to 4•t1a• h.a

t,err1\orlal 111111•• Bo••v•r, 1t waa mown ^'13.a\ •h•

ola1ae4 a prot.eet.ora\e o't'er ihe lloaqu1'4 Shon, the

aa,

I•lanAa, Tiger laland au. ha4 reeenUJ tePCad 'lhe

•tO&NgU111 ^t.e g1Y• ^Up

Jun

4•1 ... (Clrer\eWD)••\h•

oenata t.eN1mt1 ot a

oaaal

through

Xloarasuan.t.•rrl•

13 t,017. 1 lb.• ta111lN

•t

JAN Pala•r•t.on \o relln•

qulah t.h• BP1\19h pJi'O\eet.oN\e oyer

\b•·•• ..

^111'8

\err1t.or, ^brought, abft\ a 41ploaat.1e 4M4l•ot ad

\he a.1,1eh ra1n1at.er-. ua•Ullllg lo ooa4'1ma• .._

got.lauoaa.

B••

hoWeTer, act. a epeoial enY07,

Slr

Benr, Bul.w•r, t.o Waah1ng\oa

'°

aegot.iat.• 41reot.lJ ^j

wtt.ll IIP. Glqt,oa ln t,he hep• t.hat an &ll1oable

set.t.lement, algb.t. be ~ed. Upon t.he &rP1Y&l ot 81r Bulww 1a Wuh1ng\on, negot.1at.1ene began an4

moved •~17 tol'W&l"4. In \he·••17 'b4tg1nning till•

out.st.and.lng 4Utioul\1ea wen r•ovect, 1n that.••

Cla7\on aa....« \he Br1\1all repreaeat.&t.1•• \b.at. 1t

th• Squire t.reat.7 "" rat.111"4 'bJ the Senat.e, he would••• t.o 1, t.ba\ lt. wou4 ^{lNt •••} aocllt1e4 'Iba\

lt. wo\&14 _be 1notteaa1Y• an4 in

•••1'1

^{Napeot, &0•}

oept,a'bl• \o hi•

a•••ruent.,

^{prttY14e4 t.bat.} \he la\.

ter woul.4 keep \b.e .. aqUl\o

IIMUan•

^f'fttl 1.nterfer•

lng •1th~• aonaV\let.loa aa4 •JJW&\lon ot

•

e-..i.••

Sir Henr, on-· o\b.• hand., ^{Ul...--4 ...} Ola,t.ea

that. Ide goT•rrment. wolll.4 NJ>ll'1&\e t.h• 1e1aUN

ot

l

BtPe

^St.taan•

If ^i: Yi§ ^• 1ft ^{~i: i:} f =:~• ^=P,I•

^{P• P• 21. 61 •}

2 Johnaoa,

w.,. ^{AIU• hE, 111.•}

^{p. 442.}

14 'ltger Ialand.

'bJ

Ob.aV1•14. 1t t.he All.•rlean

s•••

eP1111ent. wow.4 reoognta• 8r1\1ah righ\a &loag lh•

Ban Ju.an IU.Tff and. le\ ^(I-pea\ Brl\&1n h&Y• a ball 11lt.ereat. ln tdle 1a\ba1an oaaal. ¹ W1\h lto\ll 41p.

loaa\a pNOt.10&111 agreeing ^UJ)OB t.h• &NY• ....

t,tonN. polnt.e, t.ha7

••t.

^\o work and. aoen lla4 a rough drat\ ot \he \Na\7 oqple\84. Ro\wlth•

a\aa41ng th•

tao\

\bat. \he aegot,1at.1on• •••• ll1

••ore\, ••r'k1n ••bera ot ^t.h• oablnet •••• ann et 1\ an4 ooa\iJU&&llJ Ul'gd llr. Cl&J\on \o 4...-.n4

abaelute w1\b4rawal et Great. BP1'8.1n ffta tile 1•th•

ne. ² '!'be Seoret.ar, of St.at.• tntorae4 th• \ha\

"11• m.at.\8r would be cliepoaed of 1n a aa.\1ataot.o17 um,.er &n4

w

^th• 1n\e:reat.

of

\he

Aaar1ean genni-

aen\. Later 1t _. toun4, aft.er t.h• :ra\1f1oat.lon ot the \i-eat.J, \ha\ M ha4 at,ten4ed. t.o 1\ ln a aan- ne:r neh ••• eat,1afaot.or, t.e Bngl19h

sn•rn-

aen\ t.ban ^\o h1• own. Th• tollowtng no\ea 11h1oh

••re exchanged. bet.ween \he t.wo 41ploaat• pr1oP \cl

\he ra\1flea\1on ot Vi• \reat,7 proYe the tao\ &n4 I JoWon, W.I'. MMe

ltle Bti•

^{P• 442.}

2 , •••

,)

••r• t.he cau•• ot a 't'Ut. uount. et m1•un4•••taa4lng, ••

1&71ng 1-h• conatNot.J.on of a eanal. tor halt a •••llll'ft

».ola.n\lon 11&4•

!'1

Ill' HeUT aaiwr at \he De~et, ot It.au.,_. 29,

t850,

^pr1••

to~ •zohNl6•

or

\he ra.\1t1oat,lon ot ~• Ola,•

t.on•Blll"J'I !rea'7.

"ln pNOee41ng ^\o \he..._. of U... "'-

1t1o&\l.U

ot

\be oenYen\S.oa algM4 a\ Waaklng\ea •

\he ttth ot Apr11,

1850, ., ....

h•• 111'11aimlo •~•

~••1'

^aa4. lb• ftl\94 8\&t.e•

of ,._rs.ea.

Nla\1ff lo eat,ab11.,.•nt

ot

a ooaunloa.\lOll

19

ahtp ou.al ••

, ... \he At.lan\1t an.4 ~aottlo

ooeana,

th• unMNlgne4,

her _.1t.&nn14

•~••'1'•

plealpe\entla17,_ba•

~•1••4

her- Jl&Je•IJ • a wtru.ct.1on ^t,e 4ftol&Pe \bat. II.er

JlaJ••t.J

4oee u\ UJl4epat.arld. \b.a

•---•·ot

^t.lUI.I oon'Mll\1911

t,o a.ppl.J t.o

her 11&J••'1'•

1e,,1 .... , a\ l•M.111'U•

or

1\a dapand.enos..u. ler

•.t••t.r••

Nt.1t1oauoa ot

u..

•&14 oonven\ion la uob.anged Ull4•• the •aplioat.e

4ee•

J.aa\lon aboT• aenUone4."

B. L. 1111 .... 1

-- tollo•l!sg

NP17

^{t,o -·} allff• u\a .. tll-4 - ...

Ola,\on 1n \he DepU\lllen\ ot Bku at. lfull.lng\on,

1 Jlooi-e, J.B.

Ra, .d la:le .,1&11•

Vol. III, P• 136•

1,1.

16

JulJ 5, 1850.

•

·-· Wl\bJ.a'4 .. laN\loa ot S1•

•• L.. Bulnr

....

^N081Yecl

...

bJ •• ea ••

29th 4&7 ot

June,

1850.

·x.

^{••PlJ• X ... -.}

him a, not.• ot 'lh• 4\b. ot Jlll.71

aeuow1e4&•

1ng \hat. 1 un4ePa'"4 Br1t.lah

Bo~• ...

·not, •hrao.a. ln Vl• t.:nat.7 ot ^t.h• 19th

u,

ot Aprll laa\; but. at the ••• tialt oar

•

tullJ 4eol1n1ns t,o dtlra or 4.n, \he Jbtl\•

1ah t.1U• 1n '1le1r ••t.tlemen\ or 1\a&llege4 d.epen4eno1••• Aft.er a1gn1ng

a,

not.• laa\

alght,, I d.el1YeJte.,\ 1\ \e 111' Jl•U"J'• aa.4

we

1-~lately pneeMe4, w1thout. an, tvt.hv or o\her aoUoa, t.o uohange the Not.1t10&•

\lona ot 1&14 Ueat,7. !he oonaen\ ot \he Bea&\e t.o the 4eoiarat1on was not. .-.,qu1re4, and t.be tNat,y waa ra\1t1e4 aa 1t.

•"°'

when aade,

Jou. •• Ola7\on. I

The treat,7 •• uat'\e4

bJ'

D. Cla.7ton &n4 111' Henr,

•• een\

'°

^{London wheN 1t.} was appro'ffd b7 Lel'd. Pala•

eraton an.4 \be Brl\1a a•••....-nt.. On betng aent, \o

t ... re, J.B.

RJ.stll If II\:•

¹ltl'f• Yol. III, P• 137.

Th• Ua1\e4 Ski•• s .... ,., 1, - aooept.ff

1>J •

vole of 42

'°

^{11, tile}

,_'°" ^tlNJ.J

^1-11eylag

t.b.&t. GPMt, blkla bad tor- all t,lae le OOll9 Nlin-:

qtd.aad her &ggNaa1Y• pollq a t.b.• 1•t.ba•~

a, v».• , ...

ot t.b1•

vea,,.

^•'the

••••J'DJl•t.• ^ot

^\he

Uni\N It.at.•• aa4 &reat. BP1\aln heNbJ 4•ol&.N₁ that n•l~•r the one nor \he o\hep 'Will

•v••

^ob-

tain •• aa1nk1D.

tor

lt.aelt an, exe1ua1ye

eonvol

••v \he a&14 8h1p l&nalJ agnelng \llat. nel\ha

Will••••_...,

or

aa1n~1n

aa, tonltloa\lou eollll&n41ng \he au.e, or 1Jl \he T1o1n1'1 theNet,

•• ••••PJ u ton1fJ

¹

er oolonl••• or•••- ^a

e.xen1••-, 4.o•iun •••~

aa, part.

et Oea\ftl. Aaer-

1•••• u4 tuP._JIIJMN ••

t.wo

na\1oat agne4 that.

• ._ t.be a&14 Ganal •ball b.&Ye 'N• eom,ple\e4,

\be7 Will pro\•ot. lt. trom 1n\env.pt.1on ••• &n4 \hat.

the7 wt.11 p.v&n.\N trA• neuvall'IJ

thenot.!!

¹ The •xobana• of rat.1tlea\1on.e ot ^\be

01&7'°1>.•Bul .. r

v.a.'7

waa haUed. 1'1\h auoh

JOJ

ln

\bat &11 tel\ ^t.ba\ tile deadlMk be\•a GN&\ Brl••

a1n an4 tho unit.e4 Jt.at,ea wae at lU\ "bPoJcu. I\

18eat,e Doownn\•• ••• 474, _{B•••1on. »• 272-215.} ,,ro. ^{COll6N•••}

²ⁿ⁴

2

)

28

••••4 '1:&at, a. new •ra na 4.awnlng and \b.at. \he

dreaa of an 1nt.eroeeaale oual wo\ll4 toen 'be-

••• a :reallt.J, The N&llaa'tlon of au.oh a d.Ntaa

na t,ur, in the tut.ur• ae

w•

ahall ••• tn t.he

tollowtng ohapt.•r•

Ill

CHAPTER III

ft• Abl'oga\S.on. ot the·Ol&Jt.oa•IUlwer TNa\7 aa4. \he M.op\lon ot ^th• ll&J-

Paunoeto\e '"8.'1

ot

^1901.

2 (,

.,

•• -••• ha4 rat1t1oa\1ona et \he•••

vu.1.7 l>Hn exoh&nge4

lMt•••

^{\A• \we} goy.,...en\e before ••rloua dlttloult.1•• aro•• aa to l\a 1at.•r- PN~t1oaa. the Aa•r1ean goY•l"ml•nt oontl4aUJ tapeet.d. \hat. t.ht Dr1\1ah woul.4 at. on.o• w1\b.4raw

troa t.h• IIGaqult,o ShoN &114 t.he aa, ^J:1lau1,

bu'

t.h• Br111ah e•••l'Dll.en\ b.&4 no 1uoh toreign pol10J 1a 111n4, an4

1nlerpNt.e4 \he

^{t.Na'J &I}

•»•oUl•

eall.J ••t.abl1ab.1ng her rlgh\a 1n th• \errt\o17

'°

1d11oh aht bad. aJ.r•&clJ 1&14 clala, tutun ••ttl••

••l•

onl7 being tol'b144ft. In pu.a-auanoe ot \hl1 1n\erpre\Ul.on t.h• Br1 \11h goYel"llllent on Jul.J.. 17,

1852, laau.4 t.h• tollowtag to~ proolaaa\10111

"fh1• 1• to g1ft a.t.1•• ^t.bat.

••r

^Koe\

..._1••• ^laJ••'7

^the

Q•••

b.&a 'beea

pl••••

tt4 \o

eon.at.1ww

^anA

au•-. ^{lalaau •t}

aoa-....

(ltu&\aa), BoPooa, U\111&1

Bar,..._

at., Belen.a, &n4 -. .... ,. t.o be a ooloa,, t.o

'be Jmown

u

^tJ:L•

•co1oa,

ot ~• BaJ Ialan.41:• • ¹