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ONLINE LEARNING READINESS AT TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMAN 7 KOTA BENGKULU
IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2022 / 2023
THESIS
Designed By
MELU SUDARMI P UTRI SRN : 1811230058
ENGLIS EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DAPARTEMENT OF TADRIS
FACULTY OF TARBIYAH AND TADRIS UIN FATMAWATI SUKARNO BENGKULU
2022/2023
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ix ABSTRACT Melu Sudarmi Putri, (1811230058), 2022
Online Learning Readiness at Tenth Grade Students of SMAN 7 Kota Bengkulu in Academic Year 2022 / 2023.
Thesis, Englis Education Study Program Dapartement of Tadris Faculty of Tarbiyah And Tadris UIN Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu ( UINFAS Bengkulu )
Advisor: 1.Risnawati,M.Pd. 2. Anita,M.Hum.
The Covid-19 pandemic has had a considerable impact on the lives of Indonesian people, one of which is in the aspect of education. With this pandemic, the government has encouraged the government to issue a policy on the implementation of learning in Indonesia, namely that learning must be carried out online or remotely. Online learning is one of the main alternatives to learning during the Covid-19 pandemic and the new normal. This learning has been carried out at various levels of education with various platforms. Various studies have shown that online learning has the effectiveness of different levels and types of education. Student readiness in online learning can be comprehensively assessed from the aspects of equipment ability, technological skills, self-study skills, motivation, and perceived usefulness. In addition, there are challenges in online distance learning at SMAN 7 Kota Bengkulu, during the corona virus outbreak, there are many obstacles in the field even though there has been a ministerial circular so that the learning process from home is carried out online or online.
Some students are unable to take part in online learning due to the absence of an internet network signal. In addition, most parents of students whose economic conditions are mediocre, also do not have smart phones or smartphones as a means of learning online for their children. This study aims to determine readiness Tenth grade students in carrying out Online learning at SMAN 7 Kota Bengkulu.
The research used is a descriptive qualitative approach where the data source is taken from tenth grade students at SMAN 7 Kota Bengkulu in academic year 2022/2023. This research was conducted using data collection methods in the form of observations, interviews and scrutiny of several supporting documents.
Data collection techniques use data reduction, display data, conclusion drawing.
The results of this study obtained an analysis of the readiness of online learning of tenth grade students at SMAN 7 Kota Bengkulu who were quite good and ready to carry out Online learning competencies of students' knowledge and skills towards diverse technology as well as the availability of sufficiently supportive facilities and infrastructure online learning activities at SMAN 7 Kota Bengkulu.
Keywords : Readiness, Students, Online Learning
x ABSTRAK Melu Sudarmi Putri,( 1811230058),2022
Online Learning Readiness at Tenth Grade Students of SMAN 7 Kota Bengkulu in Academic Year 2022 / 2023.
Thesis, Englis Education Study Program Dapartement of Tadris Faculty of Tarbiyah And Tadris UIN Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu ( UINFAS Bengkulu )
Pembimbing : 1.Risnawati,M.Pd. 2. Anita,M.Hum.
Pandemi Covid-19 memberikan dampak yang cukup besar dalam kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia, salah satunya dalam aspek pendidikan. Dengan adanya pandemi ini mendorong pemerintah untuk mengeluarkan kebijakan tentang pelaksanaan pembelajaran di Indonesia yaitu pembelajaran harus dilaksanakan secara daring atau jarak jauh. Pembelajaran online menjadi salah satu alternatif utama pembelajaran di masa pandemi Covid-19 dan masa normal baru. Pembelajaran ini telah dilaksanakan pada berbagai jenjang pendidikan dengan berbagai platform. Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran online memiliki efektivitas yang berbeda-beda jenjang dan jenis pendidikan.
Kesiapan siswa dalam pembelajaran online dapat dinilai secara komprehensif dari aspek kemampuan peralatan, keterampilan teknologi, keterampilan belajar mandiri, motivasi, dan kegunaan yang dirasakan. Selain itu adapun Tantangan Dalam Pembelajaran jarak jauh secara daring di SMAN 7 Kota Bengkulu,selama wabah virus corona, penelit banyak sekali menemui kendala di lapangan sekalipun sudah ada edaran menteri agar proses belajar dari rumah dilaksanakan secara online atau daring. Sebagian siswa tidak dapat mengikuti pembelajaran secara daring karena ketiadaan sinyal jaringan internet. Selain itu, sebagian besar orangtua murid yang kondisi ekonominya pas-pasan, juga tidak memiliki ponsel pintar atau smartphone sebagai sarana belajar secara online untuk anak mereka.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesiapan Siswa kelas sepuluh dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran Daring di SMAN 7 Kota Bengkulu. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dimana sumber data diambil dari siswa kelas sepuluh di SMAN 7 Kota Bengkulu tahun academic 2022/2023. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pengambilan data berupa observasi, wawancara serta pencermatan beberapa dokumen pendukung. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan data reduction, display data, conclusion drawing .Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan analisis kesiapan pembelajaran online siswa kelas sepuluh di SMAN 7 Kota Bengkulu yang sudah cukup baik dan siap dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran Daring kompetensi pengetahuan dan keterampilan siswa terhadap teknologi yang beragam serta ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana yang cukup mendukung kegiatan pembelajaran daring di SMAN 7 Kota Bengkulu
Kata kunci : Kesiapan, Siswa, Pembelajaran Daring
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Alhamdulillah, all praises to Allah, the single power, the Lord of the universe, master of the day of judgment, God all mighty, for all blessings and mercies so the reasearcher was able to finish this thesis entitled "Online Learning Readiness at Tenth Grade Students of SMAN 7 Kota Bengkulu in Academic Year 2022 / 2023".
Peace be upon Prophet Muhammad SAW, the great leader and good inspiration of world revolution. The writer is sure that this thesis would not be completed without the helps, supports, and suggestions from several sides. Thus, the writer would like to express her deepest thanks to all of those who had helped, supported, and suggested her during the process of writing this thesis. This goes to:
1.Prof. Dr. H. Zulkarnain Dali,M.Pd,. as rector of UINFAS Bengkulu who have facilitated researchers in gaining knowledge and completing this thesis.
2. Dr. Mus Mulyadi, M.Pd,. as the Dean of the Faculty of Tarbiyah and Tadris UINFAS Bengkulu who has provided support to the author in completing the study and writing this thesis.
3. Risnawati, M.Pd as the Head of the Tadris Department of UINFAS Bengkulu.
as an Academy Supervisor who always provides motivation, guidance and guidance for the success of researcher.
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4. Feny Martina, M.Pd as the Head of the English Tadris Study Program UINFAS Bengkulu Bengkulu who has helped, guided, and motivated the researcher in completing this thesis starting from submitting the title until this thesis is completed.
5. Risnawati, M.Pd as one supervisor and Anita, M.Hum as Supervisor II who has guided, encouraged, motivated, and directed during the lecture process of this Scientific Paper.
6. All English lecturers and administrative staff of UINFAS Bengkulu.
7. All my friends, especially in the English Language Education Study Program
UINFAS Bengkulu 2018. Hopefully, this thesis can be useful for all readers.
Later, researcher also realized that this thesis is still not perfect, therefore critics, corrections, and suggestions from readers are expected to be even better. Finally, God always blesses us in a peaceful life
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TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER ... i
TABLE OF CONTENT ... ii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study ... 1
B. Indetification of the problem ... 3
C. Limitation of the Study ... 4
D. Research Question ... 4
E. Research Objective ... 4
F. The Significance of the Study ... 5
G. Defenition of Key term ... 6
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW A. The Covid-19 Pandemic ... 8
B. The Meaning of Online Learning. ... 9
1. The Learning Characteristics ... 10
2. Characteristics of Students In Learning ... 10
3. The Advantages of Online Learning ... 11
4. Online Learning Evaluaton ... 12
C. The Learning Readiness ... 13
D. Previous Studies ... 14
E. Conceptual Framework ... 19
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD A. Research Design ... 21
B. Population and Samples ... 22
C. The Research Instrument D. Data Validity Test ... 38
E. Data Collecting Tecnique ... 39
F. Data Analysis Technique ... 40
G. Data Analysis Procedure ... 42 CHAPTER IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION
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A. Result... 45
1.T he Online Learning Readiness ... 45
2. The Chelengges at SMAN 7 Kota Bengkulu ... 47
3.Observation Findings ... 48
4.Interview Findings ... 52
B. Discussion... 70
CHAPTER V CPNCLUSION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusion ... 74
B. Suggestion ... 76 REFERENCES
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1 : Observation Sheet Grid Table 1.2 : Observation Findings Table 1.3 : Interview Findings
Table 1.4 : Interview Result Of Grade Tenth Teacher At Sman 7 Kota Bengkulu
Table 1.5 : Interview Result Student M Rian Table 1.6 : Interview Result Student Shopia Table 1.7 : Interview Result Student Indah
1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of The Study
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced teaching and learning activities that were formerly done in schools and are now being done online at home. To ensure that the learning process proceeds smoothly, the online learning that is used must be modified to the skills of each institution.
Digital technologies such as Google Classroom, Learning House, Zoom, video conferencing, telephone, or live chat must be used for online learning. With the use of online media, it is necessary for educators to continue to pay attention in giving assignments through monitoring mentoring, one of which is through WhatsApp groups so that students follow the teaching and learning process well. Educators must also keep in touch with parents to provide information regarding the development of students.
The usage of the internet network in the learning process is known as online learning. Students who learn online have more flexibility in their learning schedules and can study whenever and wherever they want. Students can communicate with teachers through various platforms, including the classroom, video conference, phone or live chat, zoom, or a Whatsapp Group.
This learning is an educational innovation that addresses the difficulty of a lack of diverse learning resources and government-imposed societal limitations. The influence of the Covid-19 pandemic on the world of
education has been enormous, and it has been felt by many people in the education sector, including teachers, school principals, students, and parents.
As a result, flexibility is required in the implementation of online learning.
The state of being ready to prepare for anything is known as readiness, and the attitude of being ready to carry out and capable of carrying out work is known as readiness. "Readiness is the total condition of a person that makes him ready to respond/answer in a given way to a situation," says Slameto (2012: 113). Students' readiness to learn is defined as their readiness to engage in learning activities with complete awareness to gain knowledge, understanding, skills, and attitudes through observing, imitating, practising, and engaging in new experiences. Slameto (2012:113) states that "readiness to learn is the overall condition of a person who makes him ready to give answers in a certain way to situations. This means that learning readiness is a person's readiness to accept certain situations, in this case related to learning.
For this reason, it can be concluded that readiness is the level of self- development of maturity or maturity that is favorable for practicing something. Readiness is also a condition where the level of maturity or maturity of a person is ready to do or practice something.
The lack of mastery of technology, the addition of Internet quota fees, the increased work for parents in accompanying their children in the teaching and learning process, communication, and socialization are all issues faced in the world of education, particularly by students, teachers, and parents in online teaching and learning activities. Because educators and students must
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communicate and coordinate all of the time, the interaction process between students will reduce, the interaction process between teachers and parents will drop,and working hours for educators and students will become endless. Learning using the online method is considered very less effective for educators, especially for students with elementary school age, because learning that is done online or distance learning that is done at home makes educators less than optimal in providing learning materials. So that the material is incomplete and cannot be well received by students and the use of learning media in online learning is also considered not optimal. This results in students feeling very bored with online learning and also getting bored quickly with giving assignments every day online.
Based on observations of tenth graders at SMAN 7 Bengkulu city, the researchers found that students readiness in participating in online learning will still lacking starting from students who did not really understand using social media, such as the google classroom application and zoom meeting.the material provided is the from of a file even some students just fill in the absences then leave the learning material and come back when the discussion start. This is very important to study, therefore researchers want to examine the clarity of „online learning readiness at tenth grade students of SMAN 7 Kota Bengkulu in Academic year 2022/ 2023’
B. Identification of the Problems
Based on the background of the problem, the problems that arise can be identified as follows:
1. Lack of online learning readiness for class X students of SMAN 07 Bengkulu, due to lack of technology, additional internet quota fees.
2. Learning using online methods is considered less effective because learning done at home makes educators less than optimal in obtaining learning materials.
3. The learning outcomes of class X children at SMA N 07 Bengkulu in carrying out online learning are less than the KKM.
C. Limitation of the Study
Because of the many problems in research therefore, the researcher only focuses on the main discussion about the evaluation of the implementation of online learning to find out the results of the evaluation of student readiness in online learning at SMA N 07 Bengkulu.
D. Research Questions
The questions of this research are :
1. How is the online learning readiness at tenth grade students of SMAN 7 Kota Bengkulu in Academic year 2022/ 2023?
2. What are the challenges at SMAN 7 kota Bengkulu of tetn grade students face when online learning ?
E. Research Objectives
The objectives of the research are:
1. To Find out the student learning barriers during the covid 19 pandemic at SMAN 07 Bengkulu.
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2. To find out the in student learning at tenth grade of SMA N 07 Bengkulu.
factors that become obstacles F. The Significances of the study
Based on the objectives of the research to be achieved, this research can be useful as follows:
1. Theoretically
Can find out what factors are the convenience and obstacles in student readiness during online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic.
2. Practically.
a. For Teachers
It can be used as a reference in the process of student readiness in online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic for teachers, and can provide solutions to the obstacles experienced by students.
b. For readers
As reference material and information for readers or other researchers who want to do similar research.
3. Further Research
Related to the research in question, there are several thoughts generalated, including the following : As a teacher we must be able to teach in an efficient way. Use learning media to help explain teaching given to students and ensure that teaching materials are given to students.
Well received by studens. As a teacher we must be active participants in the question and answer process.
G. Definition of Key terms 1. Covid-19 Pandemi
Corona Virus Disease (covid19) initially appeared on the last day of 2019 in the Wuhan district of Hubei Province, China, with pneumonia patients. The reason was found, and the genetic code was obtained on January 10, 2020, namely the novel coronavirus, which was called COVID-1937 by the WHO on February 11, 2020. Coronavirus 2 causes Covid-19, which is an infectious acute respiratory illness (server actual respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or SARS-CoV-2). Corona virus is a zoonotic originating from animals and is transmitted to humans, humans to humans which are predicted through droplets and contact with viruses released in droplets.
2. Online Learning
Technology, multimedia, virtual classrooms, movies, online animations, and online streaming videos are examples of online learning.
Online learning may be defined as learning via the internet network. Its application necessitates mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops to access information anywhere and at any time. Teachers and students can collaborate in a virtual classroom without being physically there. Various platforms are employed, including Whatsapp group, zoom, google classroom, and Google Forms. Zhang's research shows that the internet and multimedia technologies can change the way knowledge is delivered and can be a viable alternative to traditional classroom
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learning. The Covid-19 pandemic has made more children at home;
therefore, families need to carry out their obligations to educate their children to help the learning process at home to be more fun.
3. Learning Readiness
Readiness is a state of being ready to prepare for something. Readiness is the attitude of being ready to carry out and able to carry out a job. "Readiness is the total condition of a person that makes him ready to respond/answer in a given way to a situation," says Slameto (2012: 113). Students' readiness to learn is defined as their readiness to engage in learning activities with complete awareness to gain knowledge, understanding, skills, and attitudes through observing, imitating, practising, and engaging in new experiences. Slameto (2012:113) states that "readiness to learn is the overall condition of a person who makes him ready to give answers in a certain way to situations. This means that learning readiness is a person's readiness to accept certain situations, in this case related to learning. For this reason, it can be concluded that readiness is the level of self-development of maturity or maturity that is favorable for practicing something. Readiness is also a condition where the level of maturity or maturity of a person is ready to do or practice something.
8 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
A. The Covid -19 Pandemic
The Covid-19, also known as Coronavirus Disease 2019, has shaken countries worldwide, including Indonesia. According to the WHO, Covid-19 is an infectious disease first discovered in Wuhan, China, in December 2019.
(World Health Organization). Splashes of saliva that come out from sneezing or coughing may have transmitted the virus in the Covid -19 outbreaks.
Because of the virus's rapid spread, millions of people worldwide are infected. The Covid-19 pandemic issue had an unexpected direct impact on education, not only at the international level but also at the national level. Covid-19 has even altered the educational system in terms of curriculum, instructor roles, student roles, and assessments. In addition, Covid-19 has Future generations will be educated differently, and educators' roles will be redefined Covid-19, according to Tam and El Azar, triggered three key shifts in worldwide schooling.They are the methods by which individuals are educated, as well as new educational solutions that have the potential to generate the most needed innovation.As well as the digital divide, which leads to educational adjustments. Covid-19 also emphasizes the value of life skills. needed in the future period, and it offers up a new world of possibilities.
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced teaching and learning activities that were formerly done in schools and are now being done
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online at home. To ensure that the learning process proceeds smoothly, the online learning that is used must be modified to the skills of each institution.
Digital technologies such as Google Classroom, Learning House, Zoom, video conferencing, telephone, or live chat must be used for online learning. With the use of online media, it is necessary for educators to continue to pay attention in giving assignments through monitoring mentoring, one of which is through WhatsApp groups so that students follow the teaching and learning process well. Educators must also keep in touch with parents to provide information regarding the development of students.
B. The Meaning of Online Learning
According to Thome, online learning involves the use of technology, multimedia, virtual classrooms, movies, online animations, and online streaming videos. Online learning may be defined as learning via the internet network. Its application necessitates mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops to access information anywhere and at any time. Teachers and students in a virtual classroom without having to physically be in the same room. Various platforms are used such as whatsapp group, zoom, google classroom, google form, and so on.
Zhang's research shows that the internet and multimedia technologies can change how knowledge is delivered and can be a viable alternative to traditional classroom learning. The Covid-19 pandemic has made more children at home; therefore, families need to carry out their
obligations to educate their children to help the learning process at home to be more fun. Parents can accompany children to play at home so that children can develop the multiple intelligences they have. Family education is a process of providing positive values for the growth and development of children as the foundation of further education.
1. The Learning Characteristics
Online learning is learning in the internet network, which has the following characteristics:
a. Demanding learning to build and create knowledge independently b. Learning will collaborate with other learning in building knowledge
and solving problems together
c. Forming an inclusive learning community
d. Utilizing web media, which can be accessed via the internet, computer- based learning, digital or virtual classes
e. Interactivity independence, accessibility and enrichment 2. Characteristics Of Students In Learning
Independent, students are required to be more independent than face- to-face learning, if educators want to master the material, students must try to get it themselves if the teacher does not provide it.
a. The ability to use technology, students must have the ability to understand and operate existing technology.
b. The personality, mentality of a learner in online learning must be really tough and strong in learning and seeking knowledge.
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c. Learning responsibility, students must have a sense of responsibility for the tasks given such as doing assignments on time, and doing them according to their abilities.
d. High motivation, far from the supervision of educators, students will be carried away in the features and facilities in the game, so that students are required to have high learning motivation without being asked by others.
e. Interactive, learning must be able to collaborate and exchange ideas and ask questions with friends, so that online learning continues to provide challenges and responses that can increase knowledge.
f. Creative and innovative, students are required to be creative and innovative, to sort out information and package learning materials according to individual learning styles, so that they are easy to learn.
3. The Advantages of Online Learning
Online learning has become popular because of the perceived potential to provide more flexible access and content, so online learning has several advantages such as:
a. Increase the availability of flexible learning experiences that suit the learning styles of students
b. Efficiency in compiling and disseminating instructional content c. Provide and support complex learning facilities
d. Support participatory learning
e. Give individual and differentiated instructions through various feedback mechanisms
f. It is possible to study the same content at different speeds or to achieve different learning goals.
From the description above, online learning has benefits such as:
a. Improving the quality of education and training by utilizing multimedia effectively in learning.
b. Improving the affordability of quality educators and training through the implementation of online learning
c. Emphasize the cost of holding shared resources.
4. Online Learning Evaluation
Online learning is currently used as a solution in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic, therefore online learning is the solution that can make it easier for teachers and students to communicate with each other in the learning process, scope interactions in distance learning, among others:
a. In learning activities are not limited between distance, time and place b. Teachers and students can follow current technological developments.
c. Can use the internet as a learning resource because learning resources are not limited to teachers and books. Online learning requires tools in the form of a smart phone, or a computer connected to the internet. However, there are times when the minimum needs for equipment have not been met, both from teachers and from students, this will have an impact on the continuity of the learning process.
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Constraints or obstacles in online learning, namely:
a. Difficulty accessing the internet network
b. Difficult in the technical use of online social media such as mobile phones
c. Students find it difficult to learn independently in understanding the material in online learning. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct an evaluation in online learning to find out the difficulties/obstacles, as well as the ease of online learning.
C. The Learning Readiness
Readiness is a state of being ready to prepare for something. Readiness is the attitude of being ready to carry out and able to carry out a job. "Readiness is the total condition of a person that makes him ready to respond/answer in a given way to a situation, says Slameto (2012: 113). Students' readiness to learn is defined as their readiness to engage in learning activities with complete awareness to gain knowledge, understanding, skills, and attitudes through observing, imitating, practising, and engaging in new experiences.
Slameto (2012:113) states that readiness to learn is the overall condition of a person who makes him ready to give answers in a certain way to situations. This means that learning readiness is a person's readiness to accept certain situations, in this case related to learning. For this reason, it can be concluded that readiness is the level of self- development of maturity or maturity that is favorable for practicing
something. Readiness is also a condition where the level of maturity or maturity of a person is ready to do or practice something.
D. Previous Studies
In preparing this research , the researcher first studied several thesis related to this research. This is done as a basis of reference and also as
empirical evidence or theories education the have found. Relevant research that has a tangent to the title appointed in the research of this thesis, among others , are as follows:
1. By Juhong Cristie Liu (2019 )
Juhong Cristie Liu's previous research, entitled "Evaluating Online Learning Orientation Design" With a Readiness Scale, was published in 2019. Understanding Liu's willingness to learn online the readiness of students to conduct learning activities in an online environment is the subject of Juhong Cristie's research. It has various dimensions, including but not limited to computer-assisted learning, self-study practices, and public perceptions of learning. The majority of tests used to assess students' readiness for online learning focus on technology preparation and self-study practices (Broadbent & Poon, 2015; Cho & Heron, 2015; Dray, Lowenthal, Miszkiewicz, Ruiz-Primo, & Marczynski, 2011; Hung, Chou, Chen, & Belongs, 2010; Smith, Murphy, & Mahoney, 2003). Recently, the online learning preparedness environment has evolved with the development of strategies in pedagogy, instructional design, active learning, and the affordability of technology for communication and
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collaboration, allowing for more socio-cultural activities to take place (Cheon, Lee, Crooks, & Song, 2012; Dabbagh, 2007). Learning activities in online learning environments have social and communicative components with technical mediation in a socio-cultural system of activities. Learning can be enhanced through discourse and interaction with a community of primary instructors and peer learners, as well as an online learning environment in which support can come from personnel from registered institutions, libraries, academic program administration, student services, and possibly external technical support higher education institutions (Baek, Evans, & Barab, 2013; Broadbent & Poon, 2015;
Coleman Coleman, 2013). As a result, for the design and evaluation of online learning orientation programs, social interaction and communication elements are equally significant. Student and academic motivation achievement have been linked to online learning preparedness.
Horzum, Kaymak, and Gungoren (2015) looked at a comfort sample of 750 Sakarya University online learning students.
2. By Hengki Wijaya, Tri Supartini,Leonard Sumule, Ivan Th. J. Weismann, Ezra Tari ( 2021 ).
Previous research conducted by Hengki Wijaya, Tri Supartini, Leonard Sumule, Ivan Th. J. Weismann, Ezra Tari. (2021) with the title
“Online Learning Evaluation in Higher Education: Study Survey Method”.
Due to the Covid-19 outbreak, educational activities have shifted online (Garad et al., 2021; Syauqi et al., 2020). This is to prevent the spread of
Covid-19, a virus that has the potential to cause death in humans (Shah et al., 2020; Yulia, 2020). Students must be able to study at their convenience, which is why schools are required to use an online learning system. This system is a learning system, which means that learning occurs online through the use of learning software or social media (Handayani et al., 2021; Ristanto et al., 2020). Access to online learning systems is possible via personal computers (PCs), laptops, or internet- connected mobile phones (Khamparia & Pandey, 2017; D. Zhang et al., 2016). While online education takes happens online, it can also take place in person with people from various regions using the conference function (Aulia et al., 2018; Solehana et al., 2019). The teacher distributes and administers all subject matter paperwork and online examinations.
Numerous online learning applications, such as Google Classroom, Google Meet, Edmundo, and Zoom, are available (Mpungose, 2021;
Sadegi, 2019; Widyaningrum et al., 2020). Students can study whenever and wherever they want with online education, as they are not constrained by geography or time constraints (Solehana et al., 2019; Y. Zhang et al., 2020). Students can also communicate with the teacher concurrently via video conferences or live chat.
3. By Lisa Law, Theresa Kwong, Eva Wong. ( 2019 )
Previous research conducted by Lisa Law, Theresa Kwong, Eva Wong. ( 2019 ). In the title “Evaluating Students‟ Perceptions on the Effectiveness of Online Intercultural Learning Experience via a SPOC”.
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Students' perceptions of online learning and interactions with classmates from other countries may be influenced by the design of the online learning materials, the participants' cultural backgrounds, and prior e- learning experiences. As a result, it was necessary to examine students' perceptions of their online learning experience to identify factors that may influence online collaborative learning. The online course content and activities were designed to foster a good learning environment that inspires and motivates students to study. Wilson (1996, p.5) argued that a constructive learning environment is one in which students interact and support one another to accomplish learning objectives through a variety of teaching and learning activities.
Additionally, it claimed that constructive learning settings should foster a conducive climate for students to resolve problems, interact with others, and evaluate their progress (Brandon, 2004). The study used a three-phase strategic implementation methodology to ascertain students' impressions of their online intercultural learning experience. We want to discuss how intercultural online learning activities might aid in the process of domestic internationalization. A mixed-method approach was used to examine quantitative data from an online feedback survey and qualitative data from a focus group discussion and an open-ended question set in the online feedback survey. A mixed technique is used because it permits the identification of new themes and trends within the field of study (Creswell
& Clark, 2011). The data obtained and evaluated in this study may be used
in future investigations, including those conducted in institutions worldwide.
4. By Fayyaz Ahmad Faize and Muhamad Mawaz (2020 )
Previous research conducted by Fayyaz Faize and Muhamad Mwaz (2020 ). In the title “Evaluation and Improvement of students‟ satisfaction in Online learning during COVID-19”. Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Zhong et al., 2020) first appeared as frequent pneumonia in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 (Huang et al., 2020). The World Health Organization designated the virus as a pandemic when it spread to additional countries (WHO, 2020). The first instance of COVID-19 was discovered in Pakistan, a neighbouring country to China, in late February 2020.
To avoid the spread of the disease, the administration announced the closure of educational institutions. Meanwhile, to compensate for the educational loss, the ministry of education created guidelines for online learning. As a result, educational institutions have shifted their focus from traditional to online learning (Dhawan, 2020). Teachers who had no prior experience with online education began teaching online (Wang, Zhang et al., 2020). The globe witnessed the largest live experiment in human history of moving from traditional to online schooling (Jones & Sharma, 2020). Students with the requisite finances and technological skills can benefit from online learning (Brown, 2019).
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E. Conceptual Framework
Existing online student readiness instruments place a premium on various distinct learner competencies, including technical, self-directed learning, and communication. However, no research has been conducted on the relationship between an online student's impression of importance and confidence in their abilities and preparation for an online course.
Indeed, the relationship between a positive attitude about one's talents and confidence in one's abilities has been investigated in various other circumstances. Rollnick, Mason, and Butler (1999) investigated the relationship between importance and confidence in one's ability to change one's health behavior.
Within the context of the current study, two aspects are focused on:
(a) students‟ attitude on the importance of student readiness competencies in their online learning and (b) student readiness about their confidence in their abilities to accomplish online student competencies.
Conceptual Framework for Student Readiness for Online Learning:
Figure1.1 Conceptual Framwork adapted by Rollnick, Mason, and Butler (1999)
Learning readiness
Learning Evaluation
Learning Process
Learning
Planning
21 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Design
The method used by the researcher in this research is the method qualitative research. Qualitative methods are research methods that describe objects or research results naturally, selection of data sources obtained by purposive and snowbaal, data analysis is inductive, and the results qualitative research emphasizes meaning rather than generalizations (Sugiyono, 2010).In addition, this research also uses a case study approach. as stated by (Cresswell, 2014) case studies are a type of qualitative approach that examines a particular “case” in context of contemporary real-life settings. This method is descriptive, so that the data collected is more in the form of words or pictures than data in the form of numbers. As explained above, that this research method is descriptive. In this case, the author describes the problems that found as is.
The qualitative method is a systematic subjective approach used to describe and interpret life experiences. The author employs a qualitative approach in this research by discussing news items found in headline headings. The writer will base this strategy on David Williams's (1995) Moleong theory (2006). Qualitative methods were utilized to assist the writer in describing the data in the statement above. The analysis's
outcome will describe the research, which was conducted through observation of the individual or group. Qualitative methods, particularly described, are the most effective way to assist the writer in analyzing the facts. The researcher conducts a qualitative study on the instrument. As a tool, the researcher must possess a broad theory and insight in order to probe, analyze, image, and develop the social situation under investigation in order for it to become more apparent and meaningful. This is a qualitative descriptive study.
B. Research Setting 1. Population
According to Sugiyono (2010), the population is a phrase that refers to a group of objects or subjects that have particular attributes and characteristics and are chosen by the researcher to be researched and conclusions drawn. Additionally, Sukardi (2012) noted that the population could include teachers, students, curriculum, facilitators, and school organization. Meanwhile, Arikunto (2013) asserts that population is the sole research subject. This study enrolled all tenth-grade students at SMAN 07 Kota Bengkulu. With a total student population of 150. I concentrated on English subjects while completing online courses during the covid-19 epidemic.
2. Sample
Sugiyono (2010) defined a sample as a subset of the population's size and features. The researcher employed convenience sampling for
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technique sampling in this study. Sukardi (2012) asserted that convenience sampling is a technique for sampling that occurs by chance. The researcher drew a sample from everyone who met by chance at a specific location, time, or particular way. The researcher selected tenth-grade students as a sample. There are 150 students at this school. As previously said, due to the corona epidemic, schools were closed for the day. As a result, the researcher created a questionnaire using Google Forms and circulated it via student telegram groups. Only 100 pupils responded to the questionnaire. This indicates that the sample size for this study is limited to 100 students. The sampling procedure is multi-staged. To begin, the researcher sends questionnaires to students based on their class time during online English instruction. Second, the researcher allows responders five days to complete the questionnaire; after five days, the researcher will close the Google Form. The researcher does not specify a maximum number of respondents in this case; instead, the total number of respondents is determined depending on the incoming responses. The sample consisted of 150 students in class tenth. There were 100 students in this study who participated or were included as a sample.
C. The Research Instrument
A research instrument is a device used to quantify natural and social phenomena. All of these events are together referred to as research data (Sugiyono, 2010). This research approach is a questionnaire-based survey.
According to Sugiyono (2010), the questionnaire instrument was chosen
because it is an efficient data collection strategy when the researcher understands the data on student preparation for online learning to be measured and what is expected of respondents.
1. Observation
Observation is a complex activity, a process that consists of various biological and psychological processes. The observation technique is carried out when it is related to human behavior, work processes, natural phenomena and if the observed respondents are not too large. In this study, the researcher used non-participant observation where the researcher was not directly involved with the activities of the subject being observed, but only as an independent observer Slameto (2012:113)
The observations taken are observations structured, where observations are designed systematically about what will be observed, when and where it is (Slameto (2012:113)
Table 1.1 Observation Sheet Grid
Variable Indicator Sub indicator
Lesson Planning
1. Making online learning lesson plans
2. Creating learning media 3. Prepare materials or teaching
materials
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Online Learning readiness
Learning process
4. Teacher readiness in learning 5. The method used by the teacher
6. Media used by teachers in online learning
7. Characteristics of students 8. Readiness of students in online
learning
9. Facilities and infrastructure in online learning
10. Difficulties in online learning 11. The teacher's approach Learning
Evaluation
12. Evaluation form in online learning
Source: Modified from Rahmawati (2009) and Majid (2011) Table 1.2 Observation
No. Aspects Indicators Description
1. Learning planning
Create an online learning lesson plan
Teachers have created an Online Lesson Plan, which consists of preliminary activities , core and closing activities
Create learning media
Teachers have made learning media in the form of learning videos that are made based on the material to be studied then
upload to youtobe, sometimes teachers also look for videos on youtobe which are then in download and share
to learners Preparing
teaching materials
Teachers always prepare teaching materials in the form of learning media , and prepare materials
learning to be taught to learners 2. Learning
process
Characteristics of learners in online learning
The characteristics of students vary, there are students who are disciplined in learning, there are also students who lack discipline, there are students who are easy to understand the learning material and there are also students who have difficulty understanding the material
Learning.
Readiness of
students to participate in learning
In this online learning, students are quite good at preparing themselves, students make preparations by preparing stationery
etc . and assisted by his parents
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Difficulties encountered by teachers and learners
In online learning, initially teachers had difficulty in using electronic media, but over time teachers got used to participating in training in schools teachers were taught to be creative teachers during the pandemic.
Teachers are equipped with knowledge in carrying out learning.
Meanwhile, in terms of students, students sometimes have difficulty in understanding the material, but accompanied by their parents .
can overcome those difficulties .
The ability of
students to use learning media Online
The average student is already able to use online learning media , because they are used to using mobile phones
Availability of
media for online learning
In the implementation of this online learning , learning media in the form of mobile phones and laptops have been
available both in terms of learners and in terms of teachers
Internet network
availability
The internet network at school and at home of the teacher is already quite good, at school there is Wifi available. The
condition of the internet network at the student's home is also quite good, but sometimes if the network lights are off , it is lost so that it makes students
constrained in online learning .
Media used by
teachers in online learning
In online learning , teachers use media in the form of learning videos made by themselves
or downloaded from the internet which then
shared with learners via
Whatsapp group
Methods used
by teachers
In online learning, teachers use the method of lectures and assignments. the lecture method is carried out so that students can understand the material by being explained by the teacher. while the assignment method is given to measure the understanding of students after following the learning.
Teacher
readiness in carrying out online learning
In carrying out online learning, teachers have made preparations by attending creative teacher training held by the school to equip teachers in carrying out online learning.
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Teachers
monitor online learning via Zoom
In the implementation of online learning, teachers always supervise students, by reprimanding noisy students during the learning process Learning
Evaluation
Forms of
evaluation of online learning
In this online learning, the teacher conducts an assessment via Whatsapp, by sending back the assignments of students who have been given grades, in addition to this online learning the teacher always provides an assessment of the discipline of students in the learning process which the teacher then conveys to the parents of the students via Whatsapp.
2. Interview .
interview is a meeting of two people to exchange information and ideas through question and answer, so that a meaning can be built on a topic. Interviews are used as an activity in the context of data collection if a researcher wants to conduct an initial study to find the problem to be studied, and also if the researcher wants to know things from the respondent in more depth. (Sugiyono, 2013: 231).
The types of interviews conducted in this study were structured interviews, meaning interviews that used interview guidelines that were
arranged systematically for data collection. This study was used to determine the readiness of students in online learning at SMAN 07 Bengkulu, the need for learning outcomes tests. Researchers conducted interviews with teachers who teach English class X at SMAN 07 Bengkulu. The interview used in this research is a structured interview using interview guidelines and questions asked to the interviewees.
Table 1.3 Interview Result of grade tenth Teacher at SMAN 7 kota Bengkulu
No. Question Description
1. In online learning, what applications do mothers use ?
Usually I am as a teacher use Whasapp and Zoom, but to communicate with students and parents of I using Whatsapp.
2. Have you made online learning lesson plans, before online learning takes place,
In this online learning , I always make online lesson plans which are usually lesson plans made from the beginning of the semester.
For this online rpp, I made it in the form of one sheet, for the content of the lesson plans component based on the example of online rpp that mom saw from the guide and from the internet
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3. What in online learning do you prepare learning media ?
Already, I as a teachef makes a learning video or sometimes I looks for a learning video on youtobe that matches the material then I shares it via Whatsapp
4. Have you prepared teaching materials in the form of learning materials before the learning process takes place
Already, I am preparing the media and materials that I will deliver
5. What learning methods do you use in online learning ?
The methods that I use are lecture method and method Assignment
6. What approach do you use in online learning ?
The approach that I take is to provide motivation so that students remain as strong as they are even though they are studying online. due to the motivation of participants tends to decline
7. How are students prepared for online learning?
The readiness of the students is already quite good. Every learning they always do preparations such as books, mobile phones and other stationery
8. What obstacles do you encounter in online learning ?
The obstacles that I has encountered so far are no sons, because we have attended the creative teacher
training held by the school, so we already have
food.
9. How is the you readiness to carry out online learning
?
Teacher readiness , namely by attending creative teacher training held in schools, it is done to equip
teachers in carrying out online learning
10.
How does the internet connection at school and at home of the you, does it support the online learning process?
It's pretty good if at school it is provided with Wifi, while at home it uses a private package and the condition of the internet network at home is also quite sufficient
Good 12. Are facilities and
infrastructure such as mobile phones and
the laptop is already available?
Already, all facilities and infrastructure are readily available
13. What is the ability of students to use online learning media?
Students are quite proficient in using electronic media such as cellphones because they are used to using cellphones in
his daily life 14. How are students'
characteristics in online learning?
There are disciplines in learning. there are also those that are difficult to organize
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and must be persuaded his parents
15. When the online learning process takes place through video calls or zooms, does the you supervise each student?
Yes. I always monitor students in online learning
16. What is the form of assessment/evaluation carried out by teachers in online learning?
The evaluation is carried out via Whatsapp.
Table 1.4 Interview Result of Student M Rian
No. Question Description
1. How does you feel when learning is done online?
I feel bored, brother, when I study online, because I have to always be at home and can't meet other friends . But sometimes I also like to learn online because it can be done where
only we are 2. What difficulties did you
encounter when learning online?
Sometimes we don't understand that it is explained online , sis. but Ustadzah always repeats the explanation of the material presented and usually the
mother of our ngajarin again repeating the material that Ustadzah has explained
3. What you can use learning media
Online?
We are used to using mobile phones , so in this online learning we are used to using mobile phones to learn. We rarely use Laptops, because usually the Laptops are made Mother
4. How is you preparedness in online learning ?
Usually , mamah always reminds us in the evening , brother, that tomorrow morning there will be learning via Zoom, so we always prepare ourselves and stationery and other books to Learn
5. Are the facilities and infrastructure in online learning at you home available , such as mobile phones, books as learning resources, laptops, and internet networks ?
For online learning media , we use mobile phones , sis, incidentally , we already have our own cellphones . But sometimes we wear
Mother's laptop for studying 6. What is the condition of the
internet network at your house ?
The signal in our house is good sis, and smooth so we don't feel bothered by the network in online learning . during this online learning
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the internet network in the house is always smooth
Table 1.5 Interview result student Sofia
No. Question Description
1. How does you feel whesn learning is done online?
I feel bored, brother, when I study online, because I have to always be at home and can't meet other friends . But sometimes I also like to learn online because it can be done where
only we are 2. What difficulties did you
encounter when learning online?
We were happy, sis, and there were no difficulties that we encountered when studying online, because Mama always helped us learn. re-explain the material
ustadzah said that we are still confused
3. What you can use learning media Online?
You can sis, we often play mobile phones so we are used to using mobile phones when studying online. Sometimes we use Laptops if the laptopis not
worn Papa work
4. How is you preparedness in online learning ?
We always prepare everything needed to learn sis such as books, pencils and so on.
usually before the learning process takes place Mom tells us to see the video that Ustadzah shared so time ustadzah explain the material we already understand a little 5. Are the facilities and
infrastructure in online learning at your home available , such as mobile phones, books as learning resources, laptops, and internet networks ?
There are sis, we use Hand cellphone sis to learn online, because it's more convenient to use a cellphone than to use a laptop , sis, usually we kalua Laptop not used By Mom, yes we pakek
Laptop 6. What is the condition of the
internet network at your house ?
The network at home is pretty good, sis, because we use Wifi but sometimes the lights turn off , so the internet connection is sometimes lost immediately , if the Wifi is off , we usually use it parcel internet parents
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Table 1.6 Interview Result student indah
No. Question Description
1. How does you feel when learning is done online?
I like to study online , sis, because the study time is free.
but sometimes I want to go to school to meet my friends , because when I'm at home I can't play with
Friends 2. What difficulties did you
encounter when learning online?
We are happy to learn online, usually we are accompanied by mama when studying. But sometimes if you learn mathematics online , you don't understand , brother, so mama sometimes re-explains what ustadzah explained until we understand
Sis 3. What you can use learning media
Online?
You can sis, we often play mobile phones so we are used to using mobile phones when studying online. Sometimes we use a laptop if the laptopis not used by Papa at work
4. How is you preparedness in online learning ?
We are always ready , brother , if online learning will be carried out. Mama always reminds us to prepare ourselves because there will be online learning
via Zoom 5. Are the facilities and
infrastructure in online learning at your home available , such as mobile phones, books as learning resources, laptops, and internet networks ?
There is a sis, it just so happens that we already have our own mobile phone for online learning . Because
sometimes Mama's
cellphones and laptops are worked so we bought our own mobile phones , sis 6. What is the condition of the
internet network at your house ?
The signal in our house is good , sis, so far we have been studying online smoothly, but sometimes if the signal turns off , it is a bit difficult , sis so to
Dotted zoom
D. Data Validity Test
After getting the data, the researcher then tested the data that had been obtained by triangulating the data. Qualitative research must be able to obtain credible data, for that it is very necessary to test the validity of the data obtained. Testing the validity of data in qualitative research can be by extending observations, increasing persistence in research, discussing with
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colleagues, and analyzing negative cases (Sugiyono, 2013: 270). The validity test that researchers used in this study was triangulation.
Triangulation is a data collection technique where this technique is correlated from various data collection techniques and existing data sources.
Where in this study the researcher will triangulate sources by checking the data that has been obtained from several data sources. Then technical triangulation is done by checking the data to the same source but with different techniques.
E. Data Collecting Technique
According to Lofland, the main data sources in qualitative research are words and actions, the rest are additional data such as documents, photos, and others. In this study, the primary data sources were obtained from the results of tests and student interviews, while the secondary data sources were obtained from observation of results, recordings of student interviews, interview transcripts, and others. Giving tests to students in the form of a collection of questions about the description of algebraic operations material. While the interviews conducted by researchers were semi-structured interviews. The source of the data in this study is data or information obtained from informants who are considered to know the most in detail and clearly about this research, namely the online learning readiness of tenth graders at SMAN 07 Bengkulu.
Data supporting questions are in the form of written words or actions. Sources of data in this study are related where the data were
obtained from teachers and tenth grade students at SMAN 07 Bengkulu . Interview is a data collection method that requires direct communication between the researcher and the subject or respondent. In the interview there is usually a one-sided question and answer systematically and based on the research objectives. Interviews which are often called interviews or oral questionnaires are dialogues conducted by interviewers to obtain information from the interviewees. In this study, interviews were conducted after the final test on selected students to determine the online learning readiness of tenth graders at SMAN 07 Bengkulu during the Pandemic Covid-19 academic year 2022/2023.
F. Data Analysis Technique
Noeng Muhadjir (1998: 104) puts forward the notion of data analysis as
"an effort to systematically find and organize records of observations, interviews, and others to improve the researcher's understanding of the case under study and present it as a finding for others. Meanwhile, to improve this understanding, the analysis needs to be continued by trying to find meaning.
Data analysis is an effort to understand, explain, interpret, and find relationships between the data obtained. The purpose of data analysis is to simplify data into a form that is easy to understand and implement. In qualitative research, data analysis must be in line with the facts in the field.
Thus, data analysis can be carried out using analytical methods so that research can find conclusions that are in accordance with the specified objectives. The data analysis method is as follows:
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The steps in the study are as follows:
1. Researcher make observation first before entering the spaciousness directly
2. The researcher compiles a draft of the interview, field notes and things needed in the implementation of the interview as a reference for the researcher.
3. The interview draft is compiled based on what is the formulation of the problem for the researcher.
4. The implementation of the interview starts from the educator then to the students who are selected randomly (randomly).
5. After the interview ends, the researcher analyzes the results of the interview obtained and then compiles the research focus to make descriptive data
6. If the data obtained has not met the desired criteria, re-data collection will be held
7. The repetition carried out depends on many data from the level of correct truth and according to its needs with the following stages.
The data that has been obtained by the above method is then analyzed and classified according to their respective categories, then data analysis is held, namely by the method: Data analysis in accordance with existing data which is qualitative descriptive analysis, the analysis used is qualitative or non-statistical which is not measured using numbers.
As for the analysis of Model Miles and Hubermen data, there are 3 stages as follows:
1. Data Reduction
Data Reduction is a process of selecting, concentrating on simplifying, abstracting, and transforming data that arises from written records in the field. The data reduction stages include summarizing data, searching for themes, and creating data patterns.
2. Display Data
Data presentation is defined as an effort to simplify data in a unified whole. The form of presenting qualitative data can be narrative text, matrices, drawings, graphs, charts, and tables.
3. Conclusion Drawing (Verification)
Efforts to draw conclusions are carried out based on concepts and data obtained from the field. The data are then verified continuously while the author is in the field by considering and reviewing the field notes so that an affirmation of the conclusions is formed.
G. Data Analysis Procedure
The way to get an acquire exact and complete data, a valid analysis method is required. Data analysis is carefully searching and compiling data from interviews, field notes, and documentation by categorizing the data, classifying it into units, synthesizing it, arranging it into patterns, and deciding what is significant and what is not. It will be researched, and findings are drawn to make it simple for scholars and others to grasp. In this study, the
