OVERVIEW OF COMPLIANCE WITH THE HEALTH PROTOCOL IN TRADITIONAL MARKET TRADERS AND MODERN MARKETS
1Novita Ridha Amelia, 2Tria Astika Endah Permatasari, 3Dewi Purnamawati
1,3Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta KH. Ahmad Dahlan St., Cireundeu, Ciputat, South Tangerang 15419
2Department Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta Cempaka Putih Tengah XXX St., Central Jakarta 10510
E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT
The Covid-19 infection impacts the high risk of death of the sufferer. The market is the most vulnerable place for the risk of Covid-19 transmission because it is a gathering place that has the potential to become a cluster for the spread of Covid-19. Bogor Regency was ranked fourth in West Java Province, with 203 confirmed cases of Covid-19 and 15 deaths (7.38%). This study aimed to see an overview of market traders' compliance with health protocols to prevent the spread of Covid-19 in traditional and modern markets in Babakan Madang District, Bogor Regency. The research method was carried out using a cross-sectional design of 240 traders (120 traders in traditional markets and 120 traders in modern markets) in Babakan Madang District, Bogor Regency) which were calculated based on the hypothesis 2 test formula of population proportions and selected using a systematic random technique sampling. Data collection was carried out primarily with a structured questionnaire instrument. The dependent variable is the compliance of market traders, and the independent variables include sociodemographic factors, knowledge, the role of market managers, and traders' perceptions of the vulnerability of Covid-19 transmission. The time of data collection was from March-June 2022. Data analysis was carried out univariately. Most traditional and modern market traders comply with the Covid-19 Health protocol by 53.3%, while market traders who do not comply are 46.7%. The health protocol most market traders comply with is spraying disinfectant on stalls/kiosks by 68.3%.
Keywords: Covid-19, health protocols, markets, traders, compliance
INTRODUCTION
The number of Covid-19 sufferers in Bogor Regency is ranked 4th in West Java Province, with 203 confirmed cases and 15 deaths (7.38%). One of the contributors to this figure is Babakan Madang District, ranked 10th until February 2022 with several confirmed cases of 1,331 cases, the number of deaths of 35 cases. Although the Bogor Regency Government has developed a protocol for public facilities, as stated in the Regent Regulation No. 40 of 2020, the number of confirmed cases of Covid- 19 is still high.1
The market is one of the public places where there is great potential for gathering people, in this case, the meeting of more than one seller and buyer, which is marked by direct transactions and allows crowds to occur. Until February 2021, there were 6 traditional market traders with positive confirmed cases of COVID-19. Therefore, a health protocol is needed for traders to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in traditional markets and modern markets in Babakan Madang District. Inadequate market facilities can cause the non-compliance of traders.
Abeya et al. found that the level of overall community adherence to COVID-19 prevention in the Oromia regional state of Ethiopia was low.2 Research conducted by Meikawati and Andanawarih (2022) shows that most traders' knowledge (almost 70%) of the market is still low, so compliance with
health protocol compliance is still poor. Traders are uncomfortable interacting with customers if they wear masks and are busy serving traders, so they don't wash their hands properly. In addition, the distance between kiosks and the size of each vendor's kiosk makes it impossible to limit distance.3
Other similar studies were also conducted in various countries and showed that knowledge and other factors such as sociodemographic characteristics and perceptions of vulnerability were related to adherence to protocols. Health in preventing the spread of Covid-19.4–6 The potential for the spread of Covid-19 increases with the low level of market sanitation, including market facilities, waste disposal facilities, clean water installations, and wastewater treatment plants (IPAL), which are not suitable and clean as breeding grounds for vectors and places for the spread of infectious diseases for buyers and sellers.7
This study aims to describe market traders' sociodemographic character and compliance with the COVID-19 prevention health protocol in traditional and modern markets. So that appropriate preventive measures can be taken to prevent the transmission of Covid-19 to market traders and buyers in the market to reduce confirmed cases of Covid-19.
METHOD
The research method was carried out using a cross-sectional design of 240 traders (120 traders in traditional markets and 120 traders in modern markets) in Babakan Madang District, Bogor Regency) which were calculated based on the hypothesis 2 test formula of population proportions and selected using a systematic random technique sampling. Data collection was carried out primarily with a structured questionnaire instrument. The dependent variable is the compliance of market traders, and the independent variables include sociodemographics. The time of data collection was from March-June 2022. Data analysis was carried out univariate.
This research has obtained ethical feasibility from the health research ethics committee of the Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, with letter number 10.556.B/KEPK- FKMUMJ/VII/2022. The main researcher carried out data collection and was assisted by enumerators (students of the Faculty of Public Health Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta). In this study, the author confirms that all methods follow the relevant guidelines and regulations (Helsinki Declaration).
This research is not experimental or intervention research.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
prevention health protocol by 70.5%.8 The reduced awareness of traders in preventing Covid-19 is one of the causes of traders' non-compliance.
Table 1. Trader Characteristics
Variable
Traditional Modern Total
N % N % N %
Age
< 41 Years
≥ 41 Years
64 56
53.3 46.7
52 68
43.3 56.7
116 124
48.3 51.7 Sex
Men Women
84 36
70.0 30.0
76 44
63.3 36.7
80 160
33.3 66.7 Compliance
Yes No
42 78
35.0 65.0
86 34
71.7 28.3
128 112
53.3 46.7
Table 2 shows traders who comply with health protocols using masks as much as 52.1%, washing hands before activities as much as 55.8% and after activities 57.9%, followed social distancing 47.1%, providing places to wash hands or hand sanitizers 52.1%, cleaning stalls/kiosks before and after selling 59.6% and spraying disinfectant on stalls/kiosks by 68.3%. Previous research has shown that community compliance in carrying out health protocols using masks, washing hands, and keeping a distance is higher than the results of this study.9–11 Most traditional and modern market traders comply with the health protocol of spraying disinfectant on stalls/kiosks. Meanwhile, the Health protocol that is least complied with is maintaining a distance of approximately 1 meter by using a plastic barrier.
Inadequate market facilities can cause the non-compliance of traders. The research conducted by Meikawati and Andanawarih (2022) showed that the distance between kiosks and the area of each trader's kiosk caused distance restrictions to be impossible.3 Covid-19 which has become a pandemic and no effective treatment has yet been found, governments and related institutions around the world design various mitigations to prevent the transmission of Covid-19.12 WHO recommends the use of masks, washing hands, physical distancing, cough etiquette, and avoiding crowded places to reduce the transmission of COVID-19.13,14
Table 2. Market Traders' Health Protocol Compliance
Health Protocols
No Yes
N % N %
Wearing a mask 115 47.9 125 52.1
Wash hands before doing activities with soap or hand sanitizer 106 44.2 134 55.8 Washing hands after doing activities and receiving money from buyers with
soap or hand sanitizer
101 42.1 139 57.9
Maintain a distance of approximately 1 meter by using a plastic barrier 127 52.9 113 47.1 Provide a place to wash hands with soap or hand sanitizer 115 47.9 125 52.1
Cleaning stalls/kiosks before and after selling 97 40.4 143 59.6
Spraying disinfectant on stalls/kiosks 76 31.7 164 68.3
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
Most traders in traditional and modern markets have complied with carrying out Covid-19 prevention health protocols. Spraying disinfectant on stalls/kiosks is one of the most widely used preventive health protocols. Traders must comply with the rules regarding health protocols and the implementation of the rules must be supervised so that they are carried out properly. For example, by giving sanctions to those who violate.
ACKNOWLEDGMET
We extend our highest appreciation and gratitude to all research respondents. We also thank the data collectors and supervisors for their outstanding contributions. We want to thank the Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, LLDIKTI Region III, Directorate of Research, Technology, and Community Service, Directorate General of Higher Education, Research, and Technology, Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (Kemdikbudristek) Republic Indonesia have funding and supported implementation of Penelitian Tesis Magister (PTM) on the year 2022 with contract number 155/E5/PG.02.00.PT/2022.
REFERENCES
1. Pemerintahan Daerah Kabupaten Bogor. Data Dasboard Informasi COVID-19. Pemerintahan Daerah Kabupaten Bogor. 2020.
Tegal. 2022;11(01):83–90.
4. Powell-Jackson T, King JJC, Makungu C, Spieker N, Woodd S, Risha P, et al. Infection prevention and control compliance in Tanzanian outpatient facilities: a cross-sectional study with implications for the control of COVID-19. Lancet Glob Heal. 2020;8(6):e780–9.
5. Almutairi AF, BaniMustafa A, Alessa YM, Almutairi SB, Almaleh Y. Public Trust and Compliance with the Precautionary Measures Against COVID-19 Employed by Authorities in Saudi Arabia. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2020;13:753–60.
6. Nnama-Okechukwu CU, Chukwu NE, Nkechukwu CN. COVID-19 in Nigeria: Knowledge and compliance with preventive measures. Soc Work Public Health. 2020 Sep;35(7):590–602.
7. Arrazy S. Persepsi Masyarakat tentang Higiene Sanitasi Pasar Tradisional Kota Medan. Contag Sci Period J Public Heal Coast Heal. 2020;2(1):1.
8. Ginting T, Kaban DL, Ginting R. Kepatuhan pedagang pasar pagi dalam melaksanakan protokol kesehatan pencegahan COVID-19. J Prima Med Sains. 2021;3(1):6–12.
9. Lee M, You M. Psychological and behavioral responses in South Korea during the early stages of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(9).
10. Al-Hanawi MK, Angawi K, Alshareef N, Qattan AMN, Helmy HZ, Abudawood Y, et al.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Toward COVID-19 Among the Public in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Public Heal. 2020;8(May):1–10.
11. Supriyati S, Baiquni F, Siswati T, Widyawati HE, Rahmawati R, Wardani RK. Social determinants of health protocol adherence among adults during COVID-19 pandemic in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Med J Malaysia. 2022 Jul;77(Suppl 1):5–9.
12. Azene ZN, Merid MW, Muluneh AG, Geberu DM, Kassa GM, Yenit MK, et al. Adherence towards COVID-19 mitigation measures and its associated factors among Gondar City residents: A community-based cross-sectional study in Northwest Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2020;15(12):e0244265.
13. Amgain K, Neupane S, Panthi L, Thapaliya P. Myths versus Truths regarding the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-2019) Outbreak. J Karnali Acad Heal Sci. 2020;3(1):1–6.
14. WHO. Strengthening Preparedness for COVID-19 in Cities and Urban Settings. World Heal Organ. 2020;8–9.
