Shaw called his type Lacerta acanthura.. the species Uromastyx acanthurus, while most of the early authors placed . all these lizards in the genus Cyclura. Age also causes differences in the size of the dorsal crest - the older specimens have.
AKT. 12 REVISION OF LIZARDS OF GENUS CTENOSAURA — BAILEY H
Harlan, who in 1824 described and conceived Ctenosaura (Cyclura) teres* from a living specimen in the Museum of the Philadelphia. A check of the specimens with the curator of the relevant department showed that they were the same specimens, with only the original accession numbers of Ctenosaura cycloroides listed.
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There is also great variability in the size of the large tail scales and prominences on the limb scales. A review of the types in Paris and one of the cotypes in the British.
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24 proceeds from the national museum VOL.73 Colouring. - Cope says in his original description: "De coloris. Note. - This species grows to the size of all Ctenosaurs, a large male specimen, from Cleofas Island, over 1000 millimeters in size, from the tip of the rostrum to the tip of the tail.
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Remarks. — This species has approximately the same distribution as Ctenosaura pectinata and because of the close resemblance to it. Subsequent whorls up to half the length of the tail are separated from each other by two rows of small scales. Nostrils large, located in the front third of the distance between the orbit and the tip of the nose.
ART.12 EEVISION OF LIZARDS OF GENUS CTENOSAUEA BAILEY 31 quadrilateral bordering the row of median caudal spines; the subsequent whorls of spiny scales, up to half the length of the tail, are separated from each other by two rows of small scales. The distal half of the tail appears spiky throughout, the smaller scales becoming larger and gradually transitioning into the spiky type. The toes are very long, especially those of the back. feet; the claws are long and sharp.
All the mottling is small and is more pronounced on the lobes that make up the dorsal ridge. The first and second whorls of spiny scales on the tail are separated from each other by four rows of small flat scales; second, third and fourth with five lines; the fourth, fifth and sixth lines of four lines; sixth, seventh and eighth with three well-defined and partly fourth; the eighth, ninth, and tenth with three separate lines: the remainder of the tail. Three specimens in the British Museum of Natural History, named from Tres Marias, Nayarit, differ slightly in the number and exact arrangement of the caudal scales, but agree with the type in all specific characters.
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They are said to have been collected in "Salvador and Guatemala," Such general records are of no real value. It has also been collected in the following places: In Central America — Belize and Glovers Reef, British Honduras; Ama-. It is a true simile and was most likely brought to the island from the adjacent mainland by a fishing or turtle schooner.
ART.12 EEVISIOlSr or LIZAEDS of the Genus CTENOSAURA BAILEY 35 and will lie down warming themselves in the hot sun's rays. When discovered, they retire among the rocks, but never take shelter among bushes, shrubs, or low trees, as the same species does farther north. They are common to the old sea of Old Panama, in connection with the rapids near La Boca, at the Pacific entrance of the canal.
Bocourt,^^ in 1874, described this species as Ctenosaura completa from two adult male and three juvenile specimens collected in "Guatemala and Salvador," by himself in 1872. The next mention of similis and completa was by Boulenger,^ ^ in 1885, at that time listed both, along with many others, asynonyms of Ctenosaura acanthura. It is truly unfortunate that this oversight has existed for so long, and I take this opportunity to restore the original name of Ctenosaura similis to this species.
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Remarks.—This species has a very conspicuous dewlap. shows a close relationship to Ctenosaurapalearis, from Gualan, Guatemala, and because of this striking peculiarity need not be compared with other species of the genus. However, this species differs from palearis in the less marked differentiation of the enlarged tibial scales. and in the scutellation of the tail. In palearis the lateral spines on the tail are better developed than the median series, while in haJceri the scales of the median series are the largest.
This character, together with the peculiar scutellation of the tail in balceria, tends somewhat to bridge the gap between palearis and other species of the genus. The spine of the tip, 45 in number, all told, begins almost immediately behind the head; first six spines very small, followed by two somewhat larger ones; the ninth is suddenly greater, and the tenth still greater, equal to the greatest; the stamens are very compact, about 8.3 mm. 0.15 in) wide at base and false-shaped; their bases are flexible and covered for. about a quarter of their height with two to three rows of small scales; The last 12 spines gradually decrease, being the last equal to the first stone in the nape; about 10 small carinated scales follow until the caudal crest begins;. three transverse folds of skin across the throat, which, with a similar one behind the ear, join two longitudinal folds on the side of the neck; these extend back over the shoulder for some distance; between anterior and posterior transverse gular folds a large compressed covert 32 mm. IJ^ inches) from the middle of the base to the apex, the base along the middle of the throat is about 38. 11/^inch); throat scales and whorls slightly smaller than abdominal scales, all smooth; scales in the water) on the side of the wing carinas, those on the lower wing. tip slightly larger, more distinctly carinated and somewhat spinose; scales on femur slightly larger than abdominal scales, those on upper surface acutely coiled and with a small pointed tubercle; scales upper middle part of tilia greatly enlarged, more or less regularly hexagonal, each with afalcate. 42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL.73 at Gualan, Guatemala, and agree with the type specimen in every At Gualan, Guatemala, and agree with the type specimen in every essential characteristic and astopotypes are designated.
His discovery of Ctenosaura halceri three years later, in 1901, bridged the gap between paleaHs and the other species of the genus and also demonstrated the wisdom of not creating a new genus based on the pharyngeal lobe character. Of the 23 specimens examined, 19 are from Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico; 2 are only labeled "Mexico"; 1 is from Oaxaca, Mexico. Supralabials, 8; sublabials, 10; rostrally wider than mentally; ear opening as large as the orbit; strong transverse corner fold; The dorsal scales are small and smooth, almost granular on the nape of the neck and gradually increasing in size posteriorly to above the small back.
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12 REVIEW OF LIZARDS OF THE GENDER CTElSrOSAURA BAILEY 45 posteriorly, alternating with a series of smaller but conspicuous basal flat scales. Because this is the only record for this species, I hereby limit the type locality of Ctenosaura darki to Ovopeo, Michoacan, Mexico. The head is normal in length, covered with medium-sized scales, which are slightly wrinkled and convex.
Tail slightly shorter than head and body, slightly constricted at insertion and somewhat sunken except distally, where it is cylindrical; its upper surface with whorls of large subequal spines, directed upwards and backwards, alternating with a series of smaller flat scales, which are very conspicuous at first; the two largest series of spinose scales adjacent to the central spinose row smaller than the lateral series; lower surface of tail with smaller pointed scales, number of transverse series not same as on upper surface except distal half of organ. Dorsal ridge consisting of slightly raised scales, starting at the back of the head and continuing about two-thirds of the way down the back, gradually joining the general dorsal scales. RemarJcs.-In the female the scales of the tail spines do not appear so conspicuously as in the male, the two series adjacent to it.
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Tail shorter than head and body, slightly constricted at insertion and slightly depressed, except almost distally, where it is cylindrical; the upper surface with whorls of very large spines arranged one below the other, directed upwards and backwards, alternating with series of small, flat scales, inconspicuous at first glance, but becoming more conspicuous towards the rear until near the middle of the tail, where they become very conspicuous; The lower surface of the tail has smaller, pointed scales with a keel, the number of transverse series being not the same as on the upper surface, except on the distal half of the organ. With the hind paw extended, the longest finger reaches the anterior insertion of the forelimb; femoral pores, 5-5, 6-6, to 8-8. Blackish olive green above, with a large patch of vermilion red on each side of the body, and shades of the same color on the sides of the head and neck; the underside is gray; throat marbled; three oblique black bands on either side behind the front limb; two black bands across the humerus.
Werner's type specimen of Ctenosaurus (Cachryx) annectens, an adult male in the museum at Hamburg, Germany, although preserved for many years in alcohol^^ and without epidermis, shows a marked reddish tint on the head, neck, and shoulders.
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Dorsal crest barely noticeable, consisting of slightly carinated scales, and extending from the napeto to the beginning of the sacrum. It is a ground-dwelling species and is most abundant on the desert and somiarid limestone plains of the peninsula, having been taken at Chichen Itza. Scales of head somewhat convex, those on snout larger than others; supraoculars smaller than parietals, separated from each other by three rows of scales; nostril oncanthus rostralis, lateral; loreal region concave.
Tail short, flat and covered with 15-25 whorls of strong, erect, conical, spiny scales, not separated by smaller flat scales. Spiniferous superior wrels composed of seven longitudinal sets; spines are upright, those in the middle row are smaller. Shoulders and interscapular regions blackest; the latter with two transverse sets of green spots, more or less pronounced all over the body in young specimens.
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EXPLANATION OF PLATES
54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ISTATIONAL MUSEUM TOL. 73
INDEX
58 IN^DEX
