At the type section, the lower part of the Coyote Butte Formation is generally light olive gray limestone, often crinoid and. Another conglomerate phase at the base of the limestone occurs on the west side of Spotted Ridge.
NO. 12 PERMIAN BRACHIOPODS FROM OREGON — COOPER 7
MERRIAM AND BERTHIAUME NUMBERS
NO. 12 PERMIAN BRACHIOPODS FROM OREGON — COOPER II Echinoconchus inexpectatus
12 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 1 34
NO. 12 PERMIAN BRACHIOPODS FROM OREGON — COOPER 13
CORRELATION OF THE PERMIAN OF OREGON
Meekella in the Oregon fauna appears to be of little value in correlating these rocks. Word formation and similar forms occur in the Leonard, but the latter is smaller and probably unrelated.
NO. 12 PERMIAN BRACHIOPODS FROM OREGON — COOPER 1
In North America, it is abundant at the top of the Leonard and at the base of the Word formations. Cleiothyridina gerardi (Diener), to which one species from Oregon is referred, is a member of the "Schwagerina" fauna.
CORRELATION OF THE OREGON FAUNA WITH PERMIAN FAUNAS OF NORTH AMERICA
Mainly on the basis of the presence of Muirwoodia, the Oregon Permian appears to connect with the Word limestone. A correlation of the Oregon Permian with the lower Word also indicates an alliance of the fauna with that of the Phosphoria of Idaho where Muirwoodia is also present, along with other species that are in line with this correlation.
NO. 12 PERMIAN BRACHIOPODS FROM OREGON — COOPER 19 CORRELATION OF THE OREGON FAUNA WITH THE PERMIAN FAUNA
Another and perhaps more positive correlation will be afforded by the study of the fusulins which are common in the Permian rocks of the Grindstone-Twelvemile Creeksarea. However, it is possible that the correlation based on fusulins is invariance with the present one derived from the study of brachiopods.
DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES
Correlations based on a single group of animals are rarely reliable unless the animal group used is an already established zone fossil.
NO. 12 PERMIAN BRACHIOPODS FROM OREGON — COOPER 21 Class PYGOCAULIA
Pedicle valve with unequal lateral profile, flattened in the umbonal region, but slightly convex in the anterior area; anterior profile broadly convex but with steep lateral margins. They represent an undescribed species from the upper Leonard of the Glass Mountains, Texas, but perhaps they are juveniles of Derbyia sp.
NO. 12 PERMIAN BRACHIOPODS FROM OREGON — COOPER 23
Chonetes phosphoriensis Branson (1930) is internally similar to the Oregon species, with Branson's figure 6 on plate 5 closely resembling the pedicle valve impression from Si11. The Canadian specimen has the grooves almost parallel and almost perpendicular to the axis of the shell, while in the Oregon specimen the grooves are directed anterolaterally.
NO. 12 PERMIAN BRACHIOPODS FROM OREGON — COOPER 27
Beak and umbo somewhat elongated, moderately convex; visceral region moderately swollen and with steep lateral slopes. Holotype, total length of pedicle valve surface 37.2, length 21.2, length of visceral region 9.2, length from generated part to anterior margin measured on surface28, width of hinge 20, width 20, height 13; paratype, U.S.N.M. Pedicular valve with visceral region occupying about one-third of surface length, strongly reticulate and gently convex pro-laterally.
Brachial valve with visceral region robust and reticulate; valve short, moderately deep, moderately marked by a dark, low fold.
NO. 12 PERMIAN BRACHIOPODS FROM OREGON — COOPER 31
Beak strongly curved over the hinge; umbo narrow, swollen and with steep slopes to the hinge and cardinal limbs. Brachial valve concave with the deepest part in the median region and posterior to the umbonal region. Umbo broadly swollen and with steep side slopes.. mm. anterior to the bill, shallow at its origin but deepens anteriorly where it forms a deep, wide V-shaped groove in the route.
The brachial valve is gently concave in lateral profile, but with a short groove that is geniculated at approximately a right angle to the visceral area.
NO. 12 PERMIAN BRACHIOPODS FROM OREGON — COOPER 2)7 Interior of pedicle valve unknown except for the presence of a
38 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I34 brachial valve and spines of the Oregon species are not preserved
Flank bounding sulcus on visceral area moderately swollen, most at site of geniculation; slopes of sides long and gentle; flattened region over cardinal limbs. The Texas species has a deep sulcus and a long spur, but none of the specimens in the national collection appear to be as strongly geniculate or have as long and prominent a spur as the Oregon species.
NO. 12 PERMIAN BRACHIOPODS FROM OREGON — COOPER 41
Beak projecting slightly posterior to the hinge; umbo somewhat swollen, narrow; visceral region bloated; umbonal slopes and slopes of flanks of the visceral region moderately steep. Visceral region moderately convex in side profile; trace more convex than the visceral region in its profile. However, the interior is unknown; consequently, it could not be attributed to the new genus Probolionia.
The median area is defined by a low, narrow fold that begins just posterior to the center of the visceral disc area but becomes poorly defined or obsolete anteriorly.
NO. 12 PERMIAN BRACHIOPODS FROM OREGON — COOPER 45
A sulcus originating from the umbilicus near the beak extends to the anterior margin, becoming wider and deeper towards the middle of the valve, but is stationary. The brachial valve is slightly concave in lateral view, but almost straight in posterior view. The specimens assigned to this new species appear to be adults and not juveniles of K.
The adult figure appears in a short ventrally deflected ridge along the edge of the petiole valve (pi.
NO. 12 PERMIAN BRACHIOPODS FROM OREGON — COOPER 47 The development of a rim seldom takes place in productoids except
48 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 1 34 Pedicle valve moderately convex in lateral profile and with the
Brachial valve trapezoidal in outline, moderately concave with the deepest part located just anterior to the aura. Cardinal extremities bent in dorsal direction, flattened; the marginal parts of the valve well form and limit the concave part. Brachial valve moderately convex in lateral profile but strongly convex anteriorly; umbo smooth and swollen; fold originating at about middle of valve, nearly straight in anterior profile and only moderately raised; flanks slightly rounded but steeply sloping towards the edges.
Shell of approx. medium size for the genus, body slightly wider than long, somewhat triangular in outline with bill and sides forming an angle of approx. 90°; greatest width anterior to middle; posterolateral margins narrowly rounded; leading edge almost straight.
NO. 12 PERMIAN BRACHIOPODS FROM OREGON — COOPER 5
Moreover, the costae of the Oregon specimens are somewhat thinner than those of the Russian specimens. Moreover, the sulcus is shallower and the fold somewhat narrower and lower than that of the Russian species. The most significant difference appears in the anterolateral angles which are narrower in the American than in the Russian form and the tongue of the pedicle valve of the American species is more elongated to give the valve a somewhat blunt appearance.
The fold is low and wide, starting approximately in the middle and extending slightly forward; flanks rounded and elongated, with steep slopes and with sharp geniculation to unite with the reflected anterolateral ends of the pedicle valve.
NO. 12 PERMIAN BRACHIOPODS FROM OREGON — COOPER 55 Measurements in mm
Pedicle valve with the greater depth; strongly convex in lateral profile, especially just anterior to the umbo. Pedicle valve with beak strongly curved over the dorsal umbo, giving the shell a top-heavy appearance. Sulcus begins at the beak and extends to the leading edge, gradually widening anteriorly to occupy about half the width at the front.
NO. 12 PERMIAN BRACHIOPODS FROM OREGON — COOPER 57
Shell of about medium size for the genus, longer than wide, sides slightly convex; anterior margin abbreviated. Discussion.—This species is characterized by its elongate-oval outline, the maximum width at about the middle, and the soft contours of the fold and sulcus. It is shaped differently and lacks the elongated anterior and nearly obsolete sulcus of P.
It is smaller than Girty's two species from the Guadalupe Mountains to the west and has a completely different outline.
NO. 12 PERMIAN BRACHIOPODS FROM OREGON — COOPER 59
The specimen shown retains both valves, but the beak of the pedicle valve is missing. The pedicle valve is slightly convex in profile and has no sulcus, although the leading edge is considerably flattened. The brachial valve is slightly deeper than the pedicle valve and moderately convex in lateral profile.
Sides and front rounded; anterior costal; 5 costae mark the brachial valve and 6 are on the pedicle valve.
NO. 12 PERMIAN BRACHIOPODS FROM OREGON — COOPER 65
Brachial valve most convex in posterior half; umbonal area swollen with moderate slopes towards the posterolateral edges. It differs from all other terebratuloids seen in the Oregon Permian by the truncated leading edge and rectimarginal commissure. Of about average size for the genus, longer than wide; valves unequally convex, the pedicle valve deeper and more convex;
Discussion.—This species is characterized by its flat brachial valve and anterior sulcate pedicle valve.
NO. 12 PERMIAN BRACHIOPODS FROM OREGON — COOPER 69
Morphology, ecology and evolution of carbonaceous products near Moscow (genera Dictyoclostus, Pugilis and Antiqitatonia) Trud.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES
72 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I34 Page
NO. 12 PERMIAN BRACHIOPODS FROM OREGON — COOPER 73
-9) Ventral, lateral and anterior views respectively of a large pedicle valve showing strong geniculation, paratype Xi, U.S.N.M. 10-12) Ventral, lateral, lateral and lateral valve respectively of another pedicle valve showing scar of large anterior spine (in fig. 12), X1, pre-. -21) Posterior, anterior, lateral and ventral views respectively of holotype, showing deep throat, X h U.S.N.M. 22) Impression of exterior of abrachial valve showing visceral region of reticulum and prominent depression (shown as fold) around ear, X1, paratype, U.S.N.M. Anidanthus minor Cooper, new species 38. -4) Ventral, anterior, posterior and lateral views respectively of broad but crushed specimen, Xi»paratype,U.S.N.M. 5-7) Lateral, posterior and ventral views respectively of nasute specimens, paratype XIj, U.S.N.M. 10-12) Posterior, ventral, and lateral views respectively, large, broad specimen, X I, holotype U.S.N.M. 15) Posterior part of another pedicle valve showing beak and ears, X2,.
16, 17) X1 and X2 magnifications respectively of an impression of the exterior of a brachial valve showing concentric lamellae, para- type, U.S.N.M.
NO. 12 PERMIAN BRACHIOPODS FROM OREGON — COOPER 75
XI, from a nearly complete specimen with restored contours and pits left by brachial valve spines in Figure 3, hypotype, U.S.N.M. Probolionia elongata Cooper, new species 29. 6. -22) Lateral, posterior, anterior and ventral views, respectively, of the pedicle valve, X1, with rows of pits representing spines, paratype, U.S.N.M. 23) Ventral view of a large pedicle valve with lamellae supporting the spine, X1. -26) Posterior, lateral and dorsal views, respectively, of a large specimen. males retaining the beak, XIj holotype, U.S.N.M. 1-5) Anterior, ventral, lateral, dorsal and posterior views, respectively, of an almost perfect young specimen, X i>paratype, U.S.N.M.125391a.
-10) Ventral, posterior, lateral, dorsal and anterior views, respectively, of a well-preserved young individual, Xi' paratype, U.S.N.M. n-14) Ventral, dorsal, lateral and anterior views respectively, X1*.
NO. 12 PERMIAN BRACHIOPODS FROM OREGON — COOPER 'J'J
dorsal view of the previous specimen, X2; (42) middle section of the same specimen, X3, showing a surface with concentric rows of small holes representing spines. -31) Dorsal, posterior, ventral and lateral views respectively of an imperfect specimen, XI, beak outline restored, specimen shown, U.S.N.M.
NO. 12 PERMIAN BRACHIOPODS FROM OREGON — COOPER 79 Plate 12
12 PERMIAN BRACHIOPODS FROM OREGON — COOPER 79Plate 12. Meekella, Chonetinella, Rhipidomella, Crurithyris, Chonetes, and leptodus. see explanation of plates at end of text).
KOCHIPRODUCTUS AND WAAGENOCONCHA
MUIRWOODIA, MARGINIFERA (?), AND ANTIQUATONIA
SEE EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES AT THE END OF THE TEXT). see explanation of the plates at the end of the text). DlELASMA?, WELLERELLA, KROTOVIA, RHYNCHOPORA, STENOSCISMA AND SQUAMULARIA. SEE EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES AT THE END OF THE TEXT). see explanation of the plates at the end of the text).
