I certify that the thesis entitled Politeness Strategy Used by Oprah Winfrey and Michelle Obama in 2020 Vision Tour Interview is my original work to fulfill the requirement for the bachelor's degree of Sarjana Sastra (S.S) in Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia. This research was conducted to analyze politeness strategy used by Oprah Winfrey and Michelle Obama in 2020 Vision Tour interview. The results of this study the researcher found 4 politeness strategies used by Oprah Winfrey and Michelle Obama in 2020 Vision Tour Interview.
So it shows closeness and good relations to reduce the social distance between Oprah Winfrey and Michelle Obama.
Background of The Study
The researcher chooses an interview on a talk show to be the subject of this research. In this study, a live talk show between two public figures is chosen by the researcher to be the subject of the research, which is the Vision Interview 2020. She is best known for her talk show called The Oprah Winfrey Show broadcast from Chicago .
Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia The researcher chose Oprah Winfrey's talk show as the subject of research because this talk show presents interesting interviews by inviting inspiring personalities from various professions.
Research Question
Research Objectives
Use of The Study
Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia is interested in investigating the politeness strategies used by Oprah Winfrey and Michelle Obama in the 2020 vision tour interview. Besides having beneficial as additional information, the research can help the readers to understand about politeness strategy. Hopefully, the results of this research can be used as a reference for research in the same subject of research.
Scope of The Study
Previous Study
First, the study showed that both debaters used several politeness strategies well during the debate session. Based on her research, the character used different types of politeness strategies and FTA concepts. Tolson, the main character in The Great Debaters, (2) 18 realizations of politeness strategies used by Melvin B.
In this study, the researcher analyzes using Brown and Levinson's politeness theory.
Politeness in Pragmatics
Politeness Strategy
- Bald on Record
- Positive Politeness
- Negative Politeness
- Off Record
Give suggestions/advice: The speaker gives suggestions to the listener without taking into account who the person is. Warning/threatening: In emergency situations, the speaker uses direct command to the hearer without mitigating the threat. Use in-group Identity Marker: The speaker can implicitly assert the common ground with the hearer that is borne by this definition of the group.
This can be done by using 'safe topics' which allow the speaker to emphasize his agreement with the hearer and thereby satisfy the hearer's desire to be 'right', or to be affirmed in his opinion. Claiming or implying the speaker's knowledge of and concern for the hearer's wishes: Claiming or implying knowledge of the hearer's wishes and a willingness to accommodate one's own wishes is a way of satisfying to indicate that the speaker and. Brown and Levinson (1987) argue that negative politeness is regressive actions directed at the addressee's negative face.
However, it also admits that the speaker somehow imposes on the hearer. Be pessimistic: This strategy redresses the hearer's negative face by explicitly expressing doubt that the conditions for the speaker's speech act are appropriate. Minimize the degree of impact: strong impact can damage the listener's face either negatively or positively.
Apologizing: By apologizing for doing a FTA, the speaker can convey his unwillingness to affect the listener's negative face and thereby partially undo that hindrance. Depersonalize speaker and hearer: The basic concept of this strategy is to avoid references to the person involved in the FTA.
Oprah Winfrey and Michelle Obama in 2020 Vision Interview
Research Design
Data and Data Source
Data Collecting Technique
Data Analyzing Technique
The data was classified ads focused on the research objective, which is how the politeness strategy used by Oprah Winfrey and Michelle Obama in 2020 vision tour interviews, based on Brown and Levinson's politeness strategy theory. The conversation took the form of an interview where Michelle Obama, who is also a former first lady, became the interviewee who shared information related to life after the White House, self-confidence ages, and how to go high when others went low and Oprah Winfrey became the interviewer leading the talk show. Regarding the analysis of the conversations between Michelle Obama and Oprah Winfrey in the 2020 vision tour interview, data found from the transcript of the talk show will be divided into four types of politeness strategies purposes by Brown and Levinson, which are bare on record , positive politeness, negative politeness, and off the record.
Type of Strategies Used by Oprah Winfrey and Michelle Obama
Bald on Record Strategy
- Giving Suggestion
- Exaggerate (interest, approval, and sympathy with hearer)
- Seek Agreement
- Presuppose/raise/assert common ground
- Joke
- Be Optimistic
- Include Both Speaker and Hearer in The Activity
- Give (or ask for) Reasons
- Give Gifts to Hearer (in the form of goods, sympathy, understanding,
The word 'must' is included in the bare text because it is an expression to give direct suggestions to the listener. In the sentence “And everyone should understand that as a responsibility,” Michelle Obama tries to give the listener advice like the advice she gave to her children as a mother, namely that they must define themselves regardless of what their father and mother are like. . Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia In that statement, Michelle Obama uses the sub-strategy of giving suggestions because she believes that she is close to Oprah Winfrey by saying, "We have to take care of ourselves", which is usually expressed by someone to friends to to express concern about the hearer.
In the conversation above, Michelle Obama talks about her body getting older and not what it used to be when she was young. In the conversation between Michelle Obama and Oprah Winfrey in the interview for the 2020 vision tour, the strategy of positive kindness is the most frequently used strategy between them. The word "accuracy" is included in the strategy of positive politeness because it is one way to reach a common language with the listener by finding possible ways to agree with him.
It identifies that Oprah Winfrey and Michelle Obama have the same opinion to summarize Oprah's words. In the conversation, Oprah revealed that Michelle Obama's book is the best-selling memoir this year, even the best-selling of all time. The word "Absolutely" is included in the positive politeness strategy because it emphasizes that the speaker shows that she and the hearer have the same perception.
Because if you think long-term, you don't take a short-term action to pay someone back here and now because it makes you feel good in the moment. And one of the lessons of walking so long, because it's rare that you have to walk—and that's hiking. In the example above, Michelle Obama gives reasons to struggle as to why someone can get to that stage.
In the sentence "And when we gather in a space like this, you know, for whatever reason.
Negative Politeness Strategy
- Be pessimistic
The gifts given by the speaker illustrate that the speaker knows the wishes of the speaker, for example the desire to be loved, admired, cared for, understood, understood and so on, manifesting and satisfying the positive face of the speaker . Whether it's hearing about a book or talking about health or seeing Oprah – (applause) – it reminds us that we're not so unequal. Whether it's hearing about a book or talking about health or seeing Oprah – (applause) –”.
Michelle Obama intends to satisfy Oprah's positive face, by including it in the reasons why people came to the event, so Michelle Obama tried to give gift or attention to Oprah by saying those sentences. In this case, the speaker shows his doubt whether the listener's desire can be fulfilled by the speaker. In the conversation above, Oprah is curious about what the parenting problem was like when Michelle Obama became the first lady, whether or not anything has changed.
Then Michelle Obama explained that parenting requires a lot of emotional space while she is the first lady, it is quite difficult to pay attention to her child, then she doubted whether her husband knew it or not. So in the sentence "So I don't think he understood - (applause) - how much time - time and energy", Michelle Obama expressed pessimism about whether her husband could understand the problem of parenting or not because he was too busy when he was president.
Off Record Politeness Strategy
- Being incomplete
In summary, the types of politeness strategies used in the conversations between Oprah Winfrey and Michelle Obama are blunt, positive politeness, negative politeness, and informal. Unlike several previous studies (Fasya (2017), Azmi and Irhas (2018), Tantrati (2014), Juliarti (2016)), the subject of this research is a conversation between Oprah Winfrey and Michelle Obama, where they had a spontaneous conversation on a talk show. . Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia data from films, and the aim was to identify the types of politeness, the realization of politeness and the factors that influenced the use of certain strategies. while this research only focuses on how politeness was used strategically by Oprah Winfrey and Michelle Obama.
In this research, the researcher found 4 types of politeness strategies used by Oprah Winfrey and Michelle Obama in the 2020 Vision Interview. After analyzing the data, the researcher found that the type of politeness that is used most in the conversations between Oprah Winfrey and Michelle Obama is positive behavior strategy which consists of 14 data. From this research it can be concluded that Oprah Winfrey and Michelle Obama often use positive politeness strategies, so this strategy is widely used by Oprah Winfrey and Michelle Obama to minimize the distance between them by expressing friendship and a strong interest in the listener's need for to be respected. .
The purpose of this research is a conversation between Oprah Winfrey and Michelle Obama in which they spontaneously speak in a talk show. Meanwhile, this study only focuses on how the polteness strategy is used by Oprah Winfrey and Michelle Obama. You know, I try to - it's - you know, what I tell them is what I keep telling themselves: that they have to go their own way.
You know, they can't define themselves by looking at each other or looking at me or their father. Not what I see in a magazine, you know, because people in magazines don't look like us.
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