THE ILLOCUTIONARY ACTS USED IN PIERS MORGAN
TONIGHT (TALK SHOW) WITH OPRAH WINFREY
A THESIS
Submitted to the English Department of UNIMED In Partial as Fulfillment of the Requirement for
The Degree of Sarjana Sastra
BY
NOVINDA HIA
Registration Number 2101220008
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Praise the almighty God. First of all, the writer would like to thank God for all His blessing, guarding, guidance and for everything that have been given along her life, especially in accomplishing this thesis. This thesis is aimed to fulfill one of the requirements to obtain the S1 degree of SarjanaSastra at English Department in Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
In completing this thesis, the writer has received a lot of assistance and academic support from some people. Therefore, the writer would like to express her sincere gratitude, love and special thanks to:
Prof. Dr. Ibnu Hajar Damanik, M.Si., the Rector of State University of
Medan.
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages and
Arts
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English Department as her
Academic Adviser and also as the Reviewer
Dra. Rahmah, M.Hum., the Head of English Literature Study Program. Dra. Meisuri, M.A., the Secretary of English Department,
Dra. Sri Juriati Ownie, M.A., as her Thesis Adviser Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd., as the Reviewer Dra. Tjut Ernidawati, M.Pd., as the Reviewer
All Lecturers in English and Literature Department who advised and guided the writer during academic years.
Her beloved parents, Hosea Hia and Tiarli Nainggolan to whom this thesis is dedicated for their entire patient, pray, love, moral and financial support. And also thanks for the love, support and great care all the time from her sisters and brother Widya Veronica Hia, Hedy Hellen Hia,
Immanuel Hia, and Mercy Abigail Hia.
Her grandfather Pdt.Yuridis Daely for the advices and never stop praying for her future.
Her lovely friends Yohana Siregar, Wardania Ningsih T, Icha
Sitanggang, Evrin Siagian, Sabrina Hutagalung, Kidu Girsang, Pulungan Nababan, Hatoropan Simbolon, Nina and Bintang who
always share their stories, advices, thought, knowledge and always help and support the writer for everything during the years in Unimed. And her beloved Applied Linguistics A and B Reg’10, that could not be mentioned one by one. Thanks for their support, info, encouragement, and beautiful day spent together.
Her beloved cousins at once as roommate in abording house Memory
Nainggolan, and the other great people who always motivate her Pida, Bang Linto, Kak Iska, Bang Risu, Kak Mitha, Bang Kem, Tulang ardi
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Without their deep and sympathetic understanding, this thesis could not be completed. Over all, the writer hopes this thesis can give a bit contribution to the Applied Linguistics. Therefore, comments, critics, suggestions, and advices are expected from the readers.
Medan, Agustus 2014 The writer,
Novinda hia
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ABSTRACT
Hia, Novinda. 2014. The Illocutionary Acts Used in Piers Morgan Tonight (Talk Show) with Oprah Winfrey. Faculty of Languages and Arts. State University of Medan, 2014.
This study deals with The Illocutionary Acts Used in Piers Morgan Tonight (Talk Show) with Oprah Winfrey. The data of this study were the utterances between Piers Morgan as the host of the talk show and Oprah Winfrey as the guest star. The utterances which contain Illocutionary Acts were identified and analyzed. This study applied qualitative method. The findings show that there are five types of Illocutionary Acts Used by Piers Morgan and Oprah Winfrey during an hour conversation on the talk show, namely: Representatives 230 utterances (54,50%), Directives85 utterances (20,14%), Commisives 20 utterances (4,73%), Expressives 50 utterances (11,48%) and Declaratives 37 utterances (8,79%). Representatives is type used by Morgan and Winfrey. There are 230 utterances or (54,50%) which make it the most dominant type of Illocutionary Acts used by Morgan and Winfrey on the talk show program. This study shows that Representatives is existed in the conversation between Morgan and Oprah on the talk show.
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1) Piers Morgan Tonight on CNN TV ... 17
2) Piers Morgan ... 18
2. CNN TV ... 18
D. Youtube ... 19
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ... 21
A. Research Method ... 21
B. Subject of Research ... 21
C. The Technique of Collecting Data ... 21
D. The Technique of Analyzing Data ... 22
CHAPTER IV DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS ... 23
A. The Data ... 23
B. The Data Analysis ... 23
1. Representatives ... 24
2. Directives ... 27
3. Expressives ... 29
4. Declaratives ... 31
5. Commissives ... 33
C. Research Findings ... 34
D. Discussion... 35
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 38
A. Conclusion ... 38
B. Suggestion ... 40
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of the Study
Illocutionary acts become one of interesting topics in Pragmatic subject to
be analyzed. In Illocutionary acts the listener can interpret the speaker’s meaning
to avoid miscommunication which is usually occurs in the daily conversation.
In communicating language, miscommunication sometimes happens
between the speaker and the hearer because the hearer does not understand the
speaker’s utterances in conversation. For example: in one condition, some
children wanted to play in the field then the man said “The bull is in the field”.
Actually the man didn’t want to inform the children that there was a bull in the
field, but he wanted them not to play there and go out from the field. Searle
(1969:335-363) said that this type of Illocutionary acts makes hearer do
something by warning.
The writer’s experience also supports this study by finding problems from
the real situation which happened when she was sitting in sixth semester and
studying pragmatics. In fact she had two semester credit systems for pragmatics
and studied about illocutionary further but in the real life she can not understand
yet. She found that to interpret someone’s meaning when speaking is very
difficult and to distinguish between informing, warning, suggesting, advising,
commanding, and requesting utterances. Those utterances have similar meaning
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Illocutionary acts occur in human daily conversation while they accost
and reply the conversation. The writer has a question to the conversation which
already in progress “Is there any deviation of using illocutionary acts in daily
conversations when somebody speaking?”. Subsequently, the writer captures that
moment and makes it as the reason of choosing this topic.
When watching the Talk Show program in foreign broadcast namely
Piers Morgan Tonight Talk Show on CNN TV from youtube the writer found the
utterances by the host Piers Morgan to his guest Oprah Winfrey says,“You never
hanker for that moment in the wedding dress and the church and bells and a big
cake?” The writer cannot understand well if the question contains asking
information by questioning form or declares that Winfrey does not want to get
married.
By the episode when The host Piers Morgan interviewed Oprah Winfrey a
great host in America talk show program The Oprah Show, the writer is going to
analyze the illocutionary acts occur in the conversation further to get a good
understanding on the whole conversation.
The other reason why the writer chooses illocutionary acts is to explain the
relationship between theory of language especially illocutionary acts theory with
its practice in the talk show conversation. For example when Morgan uttered the
locution “Let's see a few tears”, actually Morgan does not want to inform the
audience if they will see the real tears in the show but he wants to give questions
3
The writer found that there is a part of conversation that is out of the place
which is making this talkshow different. By looking back to the theory of
communication Lincoln and Guba (1985:2) defines that an interview is a
conversation with certain purpose conducted by two lines, they are the interviewer
as the questioner and the interviewee as the answerer. In this talk show Winfrey as
the interviewee sometimes gives question to the interviewer. When Morgan asks
her whether she has ever hada day therapy then she asks him back with the same
question to get the information from Morgan. It is unique because she herself has
host instinct as the questioner whereas she is invited as a guest star in that talk
show.
Sketchily, language is a sign of verbal manifestation of the speaker’s idea
in conveying information to the hearer and used as a tool of communication.
Therefore, language speech should contain a meaning and understood by the
speaker and hearer (Kunjana 2003:26). In this talk show, the conversation shows
that Winfrey as the hearer does not understand what Morgan’s meaning by saying
“A newspaper is quite like a ship”. Then Winfrey responds “It sounded like you
said the other word”. This conversation shows that Winfrey as the hearer can not
catch what the speaker’s said well, because she can not understand what the
speaker’s meaning. In consequence, the writer uses the illocutionary acts to
interpret what the speaker’s meaning and to avoid miscommunication during
conversation.
One of the previous researches on illocutionary acts was a study An
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Yanti. 2011). This thesis discussed about the illocutionary acts used in the
utterances of Anna one of character in the movie to her addressee Kate and Sara.
The previous study found that the most dominant type of illocutionary acts uttered
by Anna was Representative and she did not find any of declaration uttered by
Anna. The writer interested in analyzing illocutionary acts on Movie because it
was important to get the meaning of illocutionary acts utterances found in the
conversation and get a good understanding on the whole story.
Another previous research on illocutionary acts was a study, titled
Illocutionary Acts Used In a Talk Show Program “Kick Andy” on Metro TV,
(Pasaribu, Sondang Bethesda. 2009). This thesis concerned on the utterances of
Andy Flores Noya as the interviewer which contains illocutionary acts while he
was interviewing the guest. The writer wanted to show us that in talk show
program, the interviewer can unconsciously perform speech acts in her/his
utterances. According to this written study, the writer found the locutions of the
interviewer contain the most dominant of expression feelings such as thanking,
welcoming, congratulating, like, dislike and complaining. Because as the
interviewer it has become his responsibility to control the passage of the show by
giving the conversations full of expression feeling to keep alive the atmosphere of
the show.
The previous study found that the most dominant type of illocutionary acts
uttered by Andy Flores Noya as the interviewer was Expressive and this written
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interviewer and the interviewee were speaking in a talk show program especially
Indonesia talk show program.
B. The Problems of the Study
The problems of the study will be formulated as the following:
1. What types of Illocutionary Acts are used in the talk show program Piers
Morgan Tonight on CNN TV?
2. What is the most dominant type of Illocutionary Acts used in the talk
show program Piers Morgan Tonight on CNN TV?
C. The Scope of the Study
This study is limited to illocutionary acts identified in a talk show program
Piers Morgan Tonight on CNN TV, showed on January 2011. The writer
discussed the type of illocutionary acts according to the Searle’s theory (1969);
there are five types of illocutionary acts, such as Representatives, Directives,
Commissive, Expressive, and Declaratives. The analysis concern only on the
types of illocutionary acts.
D. The Objectives of the Study
In relation to the problems, the objectives of the study are:
1. To find out the types of Illocutionary Acts used in a talk show program
Piers Morgan Tonight on CNN TV.
2. To find out the most dominant type of Illocutionary Acts used in a talk
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E. The Significances of the Study
The findings of this study are expected to be useful for:
1. The teachers who are teaching pragmatics in order to expand their
knowledge about speech acts
2. The students who are taking pragmatics to make them easier to analyze the
types of illocutionary acts
3. The readers who interested in doing a further research related to this study,
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
After analyzing the data, conclusion can be drawn as follows:
1. The five types of illocutionary acts are found in Piers Morgan Tonight Talk
Show, they are: (1) Representatives that is intended for
affirming/asserting, believing, concluding, conveying, claiming, denying,
describing, informing, predicting, conceding. According to the general
discourse in the talk show program, this is certainly occurs because the
host as the speaker will exactly drag out some hiding information from the
listener as the hearer and then delivering them to the audiences by
informing and other kinds of types sentences belongs to Representatives.
(2) Directives that is intended for requesting, suggesting, pleading,
prohibiting/forbidding, approving, and questioning, (3) Commisives that is
intended for promising, threatening, offering, and swearing, (4)
Expressives that is intended for congratulating, pain, likes, dislikes, joy,
sorrow, welcoming, greeting and thanking, (5) Declaratives that is
intended for declaring, bidding and blessing. The total number of those
five types of illocutionary acts are 422 utterances, this utterances were
uttered by Morgan and Winfrey as the interviewer and interviewee during
an hour conversations on the talk show program. The total number of
Representatives are 320 utterances (54,50%). The total number of
Directives are 85 utterances (20,14%). The total number of Commisives
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are 20 utterances (4,73%). The total number of Expressive are 50
utterances (11,84%), and the total number of Declaratives are 37
utterances (8,79%).
2. The data findings showed that Representatives is dominantly used in this
talk show. At the second position is occupied by Directives because the
sentences uttered by Morgan and Winfrey did not contain a lot of
command line which makes the hearer do something by commanding,
ordering, requesting, suggesting, and warning sentences which certainly
belongs to Directives. This statement assumed that in the Talk show
program the using of directives must not happen, and so do with the
Expressives which concern on the speaker’s feelings and Declaratives
which aimed to change the world via utterances.
Commisives as the lowest indicates which aimed to commit the speakers to
some future action is rarely used because in the reality of Piers Morgan
Tonight Talk Show as the inspiring program by inviting reliable informant
intended for giving information to the audiences with the specific topic in
its every episode not for making some future action such as promising,
threatening, and swearing.
3. The most dominant type of illocuionary acts used in Piers Morgan Tonight
talk show is Representatives (54,50%). This implies that the
Representatives plays a great role in the talk show program. It means that
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describing, informing, predicting, conceding and reporting is almost
always seen in this talk show.
B. Suggestion
The followings are written as the suggestion related with the conclusions
above:
1. The teacher, it is better for them to understand not only the theory of
illocutionary acts but also the applications of that theory such found in
Piers Morgan Tonight talk show program on CNN TV.
2. The readers, it is well suggested to watch Piers Morgan Tonight talk show
on CNN TV aired every weekday live at 9 p.m. It is nice to watch this talk
show program because the reader will get more inspirations from all the
great people as the guest stars who were invited to be interviewed. They
shared about their daily life, hard working, and motivated all the audiences
how to be success. Not only that, most of them taught us moral message
from the journey of their personal life. This talk show program invited
most of influential people in the world as the guest star such as; politicians,
state officials, celebrities, and those skilled people in their field to share
knowledges and experiences.
3. The students to make other research relate to pragmatics especially the
illocutionary acts in order to enlarge knowledge. They can do the analysis
to the other subject such as speeches, songs, advertisements, news, and so
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